Usoro mmepụta Sodium Cyanide kacha ọhụrụ

1. Okwu Mmalite

sodium cyanide (NaCN) bụ kemịkalụ kemịkalụ dị oke mkpa nke a na-ejikarị na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche, dị ka ngwupụta ọla edo, electroplating, na njikọ kemịkalụ. Nke Usoro mmepụta of sodium cyanide na-aga n'ihu na-agbanwe agbanwe iji melite arụmọrụ, belata ọnụ ahịa, ma kwalite enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi. Isiokwu a ga-ewebata ọtụtụ nke ọhụrụ mmepụta usoro nke sodium cyanide.

2. Amonia - usoro sodium

2.1 Ụkpụrụ Usoro

N'ime usoro amonia - sodium, sodium dara na coke mmanụ na-ebu ụzọ tinye na reactor n'otu akụkụ. A na-ebuli okpomọkụ ahụ ruo 650 Celsius C, a na-ewebata gas amonia. Ka okpomọkụ na-abawanye ruo 800 Celsius C, mmeghachi omume na-apụta n'ime awa 7, nke a na-agbanwe sodium dara kpamkpam n'ime. sodium cyanide. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-enyocha ihe ndị na-eme ihe na okpomọkụ nke 650 Celsius iji wepụ coke mmanụ ala. A na-ewepụta ngwaahịa a wụrụ awụ wee tụba ya n'ụdị achọrọ iji nweta ngwaahịa sodium cyanide.

2.2 Uru na ọghọm

• uru: Usoro a nwere ụkpụrụ mmeghachi omume dị mfe, na akụrụngwa sodium na amonia bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ.

• ọghọm: Ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume okpomọkụ dị elu chọrọ nnukwu ike oriri. Ọzọkwa, iji sodium ọla mee ihe na-ebute ụfọdụ ihe egwu nchekwa n'ihi nnukwu mmeghachi omume ya.

3. Cyanide Melt Method

3.1 Ụkpụrụ Usoro

A na-agbakwunye Cyanide na-agbaze na oxide lead na tank nke mmịpụta. Ụdị nke cyanide gbazere na oxide lead bụ (500 - 700): 1. Mgbakwunye nke lead oxide na-enyere aka na desulfurization site n'ịmepụta ụzọ sulfide. A na-ahapụzi mmiri mmịpụta ahụ ka ọ dozie, mmiri mmiri doro anya na-esi na ya pụta nwere 80 - 90 g / L nke NaCN. N'ime igwe na-emepụta ihe, mmiri mmiri a na-eji sulfuric acid gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ emeghachi omume iji mepụta gas hydrogen cyanide. Mgbe condensation iji wepụ mmiri, hydrogen cyanide gas na-abanye n'ime ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emeghachi omume na alkali mmiri (sodium hydroxide solution) iji mepụta sodium cyanide.

3.2 Uru na ọghọm

• uru: Usoro a nwere ike wepụ ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha sọlfọ nke ọma site na mgbakwunye nke lead oxide, nke bara uru maka imeziwanye àgwà nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ.

• ọghọm: Ojiji nke lead oxide nwere ike ibute nsogbu mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi jikọtara ya na lead. Na mgbakwunye, usoro a gụnyere ọtụtụ usoro dị ka mmịpụta, mmeghachi omume, na nnabata, nke na-abawanye mgbagwoju anya nke ọrụ.

4. Usoro Andrussow (Usoro Anshig)

4.1 Ụkpụrụ Usoro

Usoro Andrussow na-eji gas, amonia, na ikuku eme ihe dị ka akụrụngwa. Nke mbụ, a na-asacha gas sitere na mmiri - ụlọ elu ịsacha iji wepụ sọlfọ inorganic na akụkụ nke sọlfọ organic. Mgbe nzacha, gas a nụchara anụcha kwesịrị inwe ọdịnaya sọlfọ nke ≤1 mg/m³ yana ọdịnaya nke hydrocarbons n'elu C₂ kwesịrị ịbụ ihe na-erughị 2%. A na-ekpochapụ amonia mmiri mmiri na vaporizer, a na-enyochakwa ikuku site na nzacha. A na-agwakọta akụrụngwa atọ ahụ na igwekota n'ogo nke amonia: methane: ikuku = 1: (1.15 - 1.17): (6.70 - 6.80). Gas agwakọta na-abanye n'ime igwe ikuku oxidation na platinum - rhodium alloy dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali. Na okpomọkụ nke 1070 - 1120 Celsius C, mmeghachi omume na-eme iji mepụta gas agwakọta nke nwere 8.5% hydrogen cyanide.

A na-eme ka gas dị jụụ wee banye n'ụlọ elu amonia, ebe sulfuric acid na-etinye amonia fọdụrụnụ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-eme ka mmiri dị jụụ na hydrogen cyanide na-etinye uche na mmiri dị ala. A na-ahapụ gas ọdụ mgbe ụlọ elu alkali sachara ya. Ihe ngwọta nke cyanide hydrogen nke mmiri na-etinye bụ okpomọkụ - gbanwere wee banye n'ụlọ elu desorption. N'elu ụlọ elu desorption, a na-enweta hydrogen cyanide na ịdị ọcha nke 98%. Cyanide hydrogen a na-emeghachi omume na ngwọta alkali iji mepụta ngwọta sodium cyanide, bụ nke a na-esikwa n'ihu site na evaporation, crystallization, ihicha, na nhazi iji nweta ngwaahịa sodium cyanide ikpeazụ.

4.2 Uru na ọghọm

• uru: N'ime mpaghara nwere akụ gas bara ụba, ọnụ ahịa akụrụngwa dị obere. Usoro a tozuru oke na ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmepụta nwere ike ịdịtụ ukwuu.

• ọghọm: N'ebe enweghị akụrụngwa gas, nke ihe ndị dịka ụkọ gas, amụma na ọnụ ahịa metụtara, ọnụ ahịa mmepụta nwere ike ịgbanwe nke ukwuu. Ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume okpomọkụ dị elu chọrọ ihe dị elu - okpomọkụ - akụrụngwa na-eguzogide ma na-eri nnukwu ume.

5. Usoro ọkụ

5.1 Ụkpụrụ Usoro

A na-eji gas, oxygen, na amonia eme ihe dị ka akụrụngwa. A na-enyocha gas atọ ndị a iche iche iji wepụ ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha wee banye na igwekota mgbe emechara ya ma tụọ ya. A na-eji akụkụ nke ikuku oxygen dị ka isi oxygen iji banye na igwekota, na akụkụ nke ọzọ na-enye nri ozugbo n'ime oghere maka mgbanye. A na-ejikọta ngwa ngwa atọ ndị a n'otu akụkụ ma na-enweta mmeghachi omume combustion iji synthesize hydrogen cyanide na okpomọkụ nke 1500 Celsius.

A na-emenyụ gas mmeghachi omume site n'ịfesa mmiri wee mee ka ọ dị jụụ na ngwa nju oyi. Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-abanye na amonia - ụlọ elu absorption, ebe amonia fọdụrụ na mmeghachi omume gas na-etinye uche na 15% - 20% sulfuric acid, na ammonium sulfate nwere ike nwetaghachi. A na-eji mmiri mee ka ikuku mmeghachi omume nwere hydrogen cyanide dị jụụ wee were mmiri dị ala na-amịnye ya iji mepụta ngwọta 1.5% hydrogen cyanide. A na-agbanye ihe ngwọta a na ụlọ elu distillation iji nweta hydrogen cyanide na ọdịnaya nke 98% - 99%. N'ikpeazụ, ihe ngwọta alkali na-etinye ya n'obi, na mgbe evaporation, crystallization, ihicha, na ịkpụzi, a na-enweta ngwaahịa sodium cyanide.

5.2 Uru na ọghọm

• uru: Usoro a nwere ike nweta mmepụta nke hydrogen cyanide dị ọcha. Mweghachi nke ammonium sulfate dị ka ngwaahịa site na ngwaahịa nwere ike iweta ụfọdụ uru akụ na ụba.

• ọghọm: Mmeghachi omume ọkụ ọkụ dị elu na-achọ nnukwu ntinye ike. Usoro a na-agụnyekwa ọrụ mgbagwoju anya dị ka ngwakọta gas, combustion, quenching, na absorption, nke chọrọ njikwa usoro dị elu.

6. Ụzọ pyrolysis mmanụ ọkụ

6.1 Ụkpụrụ Usoro

A na-agwakọta mmanụ ọkụ na amonia n'ime atomizer n'otu akụkụ ma kpoo ọkụ ruo 280 Celsius. Ngwakọta ahụ wee banye n'ọkụ ọkụ eletrik maka mmeghachi omume pyrolysis. A na-eji coke mmanụ ala mee ihe dị ka ihe na-ebu, a na-ejikwa nitrogen dị ka gas nchebe iji gbochie oxidation na gburugburu ebe mechiri emechi. N'ebe okpomọkụ nke 1450 Celsius C, mmeghachi omume na-eme ka ịmepụta hydrogen cyanide gas. A na-ewepụ gas ahụ, mee ka ọ dị jụụ, ma na-esikwa ya n'ihu site na usoro dị ka iwepụ amonia, ịsacha mmiri, mmịnye, na distillation iji nweta hydrogen cyanide dị ọcha. N'ikpeazụ, hydrogen cyanide na-emeghachi omume na ngwọta alkali (sodium hydroxide) iji mepụta sodium cyanide.

6.2 Uru na ọghọm

• uru: Usoro nkà na ụzụ bụ dịtụ tozuru okè. Ọ nwere ike iji mmanụ ọkụ, ngwa ngwa a na-ahụkarị na ụlọ ọrụ petrochemical.

• ọghọm: Enwere ihe isi ike na desulfurization na mkpochapụ adịghị ọcha nke hydrogen cyanide. Ngwaahịa ahụ nwere nnukwu ike oriri, na ọgwụgwọ nke "ihe mkpofu atọ" (gas na-ekpo ọkụ, mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri, na ihe mkpofu) siri ike. Ọnụ ahịa mmepụta dị oke elu.

7. Acrylonitrile Site - Usoro Ngwaahịa

7.1 Ụkpụrụ Usoro

N'ime usoro nke imepụta acrylonitrile site na ammoxidation nke propylene, a na-emepụta gas hydrogen cyanide dị ka ngwaahịa (ego ya bụ 4% - 10% nke mmepụta acrylonitrile). A na-etinye gas nwere hydrogen cyanide site na ngwọta alkali. Mgbe evaporation, itinye uche, nkewa, na ihicha, a na-enweta ngwaahịa sodium cyanide.

7.2 Uru na ọghọm

• uru: Nke a bụ usoro iji ngwaahịa eme ihe, nke nwere ike iji ihe onwunwe eme ihe n'ụzọ zuru ezu ma belata ụgwọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ.

• ọghọm: Mmepụta nke sodium cyanide na-ejedebe site na mmepụta nke acrylonitrile. Ogo nke site - ngwaahịa hydrogen cyanide nwere ike imetụta isi usoro mmepụta nke acrylonitrile, nke chọrọ njikwa siri ike na ịdị ọcha.

8. Methanol Ammoxidation Method

8.1 Ụkpụrụ Usoro

Ikuku na-agafe na nzacha na onye na-ekpo ọkụ tupu mgbe ahụ wee banye n'ọkụ mmeghachi omume. Mmiri amonia na-ekpochapụ ma methanol na-ekpochapụ. Ha na-abanye na ngwakọta tupu ikpo ọkụ wee meghachi omume na ikuku na ọkụ mmeghachi omume. N'okpuru ọrụ nke ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ Fe - Mo oxide, mmeghachi omume na-emepụta hydrogen cyanide. Mmiri cyanide hydrogen na-abanye n'ụlọ elu de - amonia iji wepụ amonia wee nweta hydrogen cyanide. N'ikpeazụ, a na-etinye ya na ngwọta alkali iji kwadebe sodium cyanide.

8.2 Uru na ọghọm

• uru: Iji methanol na amonia eme ihe dị ka akụrụngwa bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, na ihe na-akpata nwere ike megharịa ma jiri ya mee ihe ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ. Enwere ike ịhazi usoro ahụ dịka mkpa mmepụta.

• ọghọm: Onye na-emepụta ihe na-enwe mmetụta maka ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume, na obere mgbanwe na okpomọkụ, nrụgide, na akụrụngwa akụrụngwa nwere ike imetụta ọrụ na nhọrọ nke ihe na-emepụta ihe, si otú ahụ na-emetụta mkpụrụ na àgwà ngwaahịa.

9. Mmechi

Usoro mmepụta nke sodium cyanide nke ọ bụla nwere njirimara nke ya. Nhọrọ nke usoro mmepụta na-adabere n'ihe dị iche iche dị ka nnweta akụrụngwa, ọnụ ahịa, ihe ndị chọrọ gburugburu ebe obibi, na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmepụta. Site na mmepe nke teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu, usoro mmepụta ọhụrụ nwere ike ịpụta n'ọdịnihu, na-achọ ịkwalite arụmọrụ na arụmọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmepụta sodium cyanide. Ka ọchịchọ nke sodium cyanide na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto, njikarịcha na mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ nke usoro mmepụta ga-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'igbo mkpa ahịa ma na-ahụ na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.