Kedu ihe ị maara maka isi mmalite nke cyanides?

Cyanide bụ kemịkalụ kemịkalụ na-egbu egbu nke na-etinye nnukwu ihe egwu na ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ịghọta isi mmalite ya, mmetụta ya na usoro nchekwa dị oke mkpa maka igbochi ikpughe na ịhụ na ịdịmma ya dị.

Isi mmalite nke Cyanide

Ngwa Ngwaọrụ

A na-eji Cyanide eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na usoro mmepụta ihe dị iche iche. Ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ dị ka electroplating, eserese, ịcha akwa, na mmepụta rọba nwere ohere dị elu dị elu. Na electroplating, ọmụmaatụ, Cyanide a na-eji eme ka adhesion nke mkpuchi ígwè dịkwuo elu. Agbanyeghị, njikwa na-ezighi ezi na enweghị usoro nchekwa na ụlọ ọrụ ndị a nwere ike bute ya cyanide ntapu na ntọhapụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.

Ihe na-eme n'okike na nri

N'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, a pụkwara ịchọta cyanide na ụfọdụ nri nkịtị. Mkpụrụ osisi dị ka piich, plums, apricots na 枇杷 nwere hydrogen cyanide. N'ime ha, almọnd dị ilu nwere ọdịnaya kachasị elu. Na mgbakwunye, akpu, nri bụ isi n'ọtụtụ mpaghara okpomọkụ, nwekwara hydrogen cyanide. Ndị a eke - eme cyanides A na-ejikọtakarị ya n'ụdị cyanogenic glycosides. Mgbe etinyere ihe ndị a, enzymes n'ime ahụ nwere ike ịkụda ha, nwere ike ịhapụ cyanide n'efu.

Mmepụta ndu

N'ógbè ihe ndị dị ndụ, a pụrụ ịmepụta hydrogen cyanide (HCN) site na hydrolysis nke amyGDAmkpụrụ ndụ site na enzyme amygdalinase. Ọ bụ ezie na HCN adịghị n'ọtụtụ ihe dị ndụ, ọ nwere ike ịmalite n'okpuru ụfọdụ mmeghachi omume enzymatic. Cyanide nwere njikọ siri ike maka atọm ígwè ma nwee ike ịmepụta ihe mgbagwoju anya kwụsiri ike. Njirimara a na-enye ya ohere ijikọ ngwa ngwa na protein nwere metal, nke na-egbochikarị ọrụ ha nke ukwuu. Karịsịa, cytochrome c oxidase, enzyme dị mkpa na agbụ iku ume, nwere ike igbochi nke ukwuu ọbụlagodi na mkpokọta dị ala dị ka 10 - 4M, nke na-eduga na njedebe nke iku ume.

Ihe ize ndụ nke Cyanide

A na-egosipụta mmetụta ọjọọ nke cyanide na ahụ mmadụ n'akụkụ abụọ: nnukwu mmetụta na-adịghị ala ala. Nnukwu ikpughe na cyanide nwere ike ịdị egwu ndụ. Cyanide ion a tọhapụrụ (CN-) na-egbochi ọrụ nkịtị nke mkpụrụ ndụ site na ijikọ enzymes ndị bụ isi na-etinye aka na iji oxygen. Nke a na-akpaghasị ikike ahụ nke iji oxygen na-eme ihe, na-eduga na mgbaàmà dịka iku ume ngwa ngwa, isi ọwụwa, isi ọwụwa, na n'ọnọdụ siri ike, enweghị uche na ọnwụ. Mkpughe oge na-adịghị anya, n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-apụtachaghị ìhè ozugbo, nwekwara ike ịkpata nsogbu ahụike ogologo oge, gụnyere mmebi nke sistemu ụjọ, sistem iku ume, na gland thyroid.

Akpachara anya na nzaghachi mberede

Akpachara anya n'ebe ọrụ

N'ebe ọrụ ebe a na-emepụta ma ọ bụ jiri cyanide mee ihe, dị ka osisi kemịkalụ nke cyanide, a ghaghị itinye ụkpụrụ nchekwa siri ike. A machibidoro ịṅụ sịga na iri nri na mpaghara cyanide. Ekwesịrị inye ndị ọrụ akụrụngwa nchekwa onwe ha nke ọma, gụnyere gloves, masks, na uwe nchebe, iji gbochie cyanide imerụ akpụkpọ ahụ ha wee banye n'ime ahụ ha site na imi ma ọ bụ iku ume. Usoro nchekwa siri ike kwesịrị ịdị n'ọnọdụ iji hụ na echekwara cyanide - ihe nwere ihe nwere, bufee ma jiri ya mee ihe nke ọma. Ekwesịrị ịme ọzụzụ na nchekwa nchekwa oge niile iji kwalite mmata ndị ọrụ maka ihe egwu nwere ike ime yana ikike nzaghachi mberede.

Nzaghachi ihe mberede nye nsi dị oke njọ

N'ọnọdụ nke nnukwu ihe mberede nsi cyanide, ime ihe ozugbo dị oke mkpa. Otu n'ime usoro enyemaka mbụ bụ iji amyl nitrite. Were 1-2 ampoules nke amyl nitrite, kechie ha na akwa aka, ma gbajie ha. Mgbe ahụ, jide ampoules ndị gbajiri agbaji nso imi na ọnụ onye ọrịa maka ikuku ume, ka ị na-eme iku ume n'otu oge. Gwa onye ọrịa iku ume maka 15 - 30 sekọnd kwa nkeji 1-2. Ekwesịrị ịhazigharị ọnụọgụ iku ume dịka ọnọdụ onye ọrịa siri dị. Mgbe ọgwụgwọ mbụ a gasịrị, a ga-ebuga onye ọrịa ahụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ maka nlekọta ahụike ọkachamara ọzọ, nke nwere ike ịgụnye nchịkwa nke ọgwụ mgbochi ụfọdụ dị ka sodium nitrite na sodium thiosulfate.

Na mmechi, cyanide, nke nwere isi mmalite ya dị iche iche na ihe egwu dị egwu, chọrọ nlebara anya anyị kacha. Ma na ntọala ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ndụ kwa ụbọchị, ịmara ọnụnọ ya, ime ihe mgbochi, na ịmara otu esi emeghachi omume ma ọ bụrụ na ikpughe dị mkpa maka ichekwa ahụike na nchekwa mmadụ.