Ụzọ na usoro maka iwepụ Cyanide na elu nke Sulfide Ores

1. Okwu Mmalite

Na ubi nke metallurgy, karịsịa na gold mmịpụta na sulfide ore nhazi, ọnụnọ nke Cyanide n'elu Sulfide ore na-ebute nnukwu nsogbu. A na-eji Cyanide eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na usoro ịhịa aka nke cyanidation maka mmịpụta ọla edo n'ihi ike ọ nwere imepụta ogige nwere ọla edo, na-eme ka mgbaze ya dị mfe. Otú ọ dị, mgbe usoro leaching, nke fọdụrụ cyanide n'elu sulfide ores na ọdụ ọdụ ọ bụghị naanị na-eduga na mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi kamakwa ọ na-egbochi uru na-esote nke mineral sulfide, na-ebelata mkpokọta mgbake nke ọla bara uru. Ya mere, ịmepụta ụzọ dị irè iji wepụ cyanide n'elu nke sulfide ore dị oké mkpa maka nhazi ịnweta ịnweta na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi.

2. Nsogbu dị na Cyanide na Sulfide Ore Surfaces

2.1 Mmetụta gburugburu

Cyanide bụ ihe na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu. Mgbe a na-ahapụ mmanụ sulfide na elu - cyanide adsorbed n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi, cyanide nwere ike iji nwayọọ nwayọọ gbasaa ma metọọ ala, isi mmiri, na ikuku. Ọbụlagodi na mkpokọta dị ala, cyanide nwere ike imebi ihe dị n'ime mmiri, osisi na ahụike mmadụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mpaghara ụfọdụ ebe a na-ekpofu cyanide - nwere ọdụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, mmiri dị nso egosila mbelata dị ukwuu na ọdịnaya oxygen gbazere, na-ebute ọnwụ nke azụ na ndụ mmiri ndị ọzọ.

2.2 Mgbochi nke Sulfide Mineral Uru

Cyanide adsorbed n'elu sulfide ore, dị ka pyrite, chalcopyrite, na sphalerite, nwere ike ịmepụta ihe nkiri passivation n'elu ịnweta. Ihe nkiri a na-ebelata reactivity nke sulfide mineral n'oge ụdi flotation ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ beneficiation usoro. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na flotation nke ọla kọpa - na-ebu sulfide ore, ọnụnọ nke cyanide n'elu chalcopyrite nwere ike imebi mmekọrịta ya na ndị na-anakọta ihe, na-eme ka o sie ike ikewapụ mineral ọla kọpa na mineral gangue nke ọma, si otú ahụ belata ọkwa na mgbake nke ọla kọpa.

3. Ụzọ maka iwepụ Cyanide na elu nke Sulfide Ores

3.1 Ụzọ ịgbalite acid

3.1.1 Ụkpụrụ

Usoro ịgbalite acid na-ejikarị acid dị ka sulfuric acid ma ọ bụ oxalic acid meghachi omume na cyanide - nwere ogige n'elu sulfide ore. Mgbe agbakwunyere acid, ọ na-eme ka mkpọda nke cyanide - metal complexes. N'ihi ya, a na-emepụta hydrogen cyanide gas. Mana n'ime usoro a haziri nke ọma, enwere ike nwetaghachi hydrogen cyanide a na-agbanwe agbanwe ma jirikwa ya mee ihe site na usoro nnabata kwesịrị ekwesị.

3.1.2 Usoro usoro

1. Nkwadebe nke ore pulp: Nke mbụ, gwakọta ọdụ ọdụ sulfide na elu - cyanide adsorbed na mmiri iji mepụta otu pulp ore. A na-edozi oke mmiri siri ike nke pulp ore dabere na njirimara ọla na ihe a chọrọ, na-adịkarị n'etiti 1: 2 - 1: 5.

2. Mgbakwunye acid: Jiri nwayọọ tinye sulfuric acid ma ọ bụ oxalic acid na ore pulp mgbe na-akpali akpali. A ghaghị iji nlezianya chịkwaa ọnụ ọgụgụ acid agbakwunyere dịka ọdịnaya cyanide dị na pulp ore. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-edozi uru pH nke pulp ore ka ọ bụrụ 2 - 4. na pH kwesịrị ileba anya n'ezie na-eji mita pH n'oge usoro mgbakwunye.

3. Mmeghachi omume na ọgwụgwọ gas: Mgbe ịgbakwunye acid, ka mmeghachi omume na-aga n'ihu maka ihe dịka 1 - 3 awa. N'oge a, a na-emepụta hydrogen cyanide gas. Iji gbochie gas a site na imetọ gburugburu ebe obibi, a na-edozi gas - nchịkọta na - usoro ọgwụgwọ. A na-eduzi gas cyanide hydrogen a na-emepụta n'ime ụlọ elu nke absorption nke jupụtara na ngwọta alkaline, dị ka ngwọta sodium hydroxide. N'ebe a, cyanide hydrogen na-emeghachi omume na sodium hydroxide, ma nwetaghachi ya sodium cyanide Enwere ike ịmegharị ihe ngwọta na usoro cyanidation ma ọ bụrụ na àgwà ya na-emezu ihe a chọrọ.

3.1.3 Uru na ọghọm

• uru: Usoro a dịtụ mfe ma ụkpụrụ na ọrụ. Ọ nwere ike ịkụda cyanide n'ụzọ dị irè - nwere ogige dị n'elu sulfide ore ma nwee ike ịmegharị cyanide, na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa cyanide n'ozuzu ya na usoro Ngwuputa.

• ọghọm: Enwere nnukwu ihe egwu nchekwa gụnyere. Mmiri cyanide hydrogen na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu, na ntapu ọ bụla n'oge mmeghachi omume ahụ nwere ike imerụ ndị ọrụ na gburugburu ebe obibi nsogbu. Na mgbakwunye, acids ndị a na-eji na usoro a na-emebi emebi, nke nwere ike imebi akụrụngwa na pipeline, na-abawanye ụgwọ ọrụ mmezi yana belata oge ndụ akụrụngwa.

3.2 Ụzọ ịgbalite Oxidant

3.2.1 Ụkpụrụ

A na-eji ihe ndị na-eme ka ọxịda dị ka hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, na ozone eme ka ọxịda dị n'elu sọlfide ores. Ihe ndị a na-eme ka ọxịda dị n'ime ihe ndị ...adịghị egbu egbu dịka nitrogen gas na carbonrie.

3.2.2 Usoro usoro

1. Nkwadebe nke ore pulp: Dị ka usoro ịgbalite acid, kwadebe ọdụ ọdụdụ sulfide n'ime mkpụrụ osisi ore nwere oke mmiri siri ike kwesịrị ekwesị.

2. Mgbakwunye Oxidant: Tinye oxidant ahọrọ na pulp ore. Ọnụọgụ oxidant agbakwunyere na-adabere na ọdịnaya cyanide dị na pulp ore na ikike oxidation nke oxidant. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ị na-eji hydrogen peroxide, usoro ọgwụgwọ na-abụkarị 1 - 5 n'arọ kwa ton nke pulp ore, ebe a na-agbakwunye potassium permanganate na 0.5 - 2 n'arọ kwa ton nke pulp ore. A ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ mee ihe mgbakwunye ahụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-akpali akpali iji hụ na ọbụna ịgwakọta.

3. Mmeghachi omume na nlekota oru: Kwe ka oxidant meghachi omume na cyanide na pulp ore maka awa 2 - 4. N'oge mmeghachi omume ahụ, nyochaa oxidation - mbelata ikike na ọdịnaya cyanide na pulp ore. Ọnụ ahịa mbelata oxidation nwere ike igosipụta ọganihu nke mmeghachi omume oxidation. Mgbe uru ahụ kwụsiri ike na ọdịnaya cyanide dị na pulp ore na-ezute ọkọlọtọ achọrọ (na-abụkarị ihe na-erughị 0.5 mg / L), a na-ewere mmeghachi omume ahụ zuru oke.

3.2.3 Uru na ọghọm

• uru: Usoro a anaghị emepụta gas na-egbu egbu na nke na-agbanwe agbanwe dị ka usoro ịgbalite acid, na-eme ka ọ dị nchebe maka gburugburu ebe ọrụ. Ọ nwere ike oxidize nke ọma na decompose cyanide, na-enweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke iwepu cyanide n'elu nke sulfide ore. Ọzọkwa, ngwaahịa mmeghachi omume na-adịtụ enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi.

• ọghọm: Ọnụ ego nke oxidants dị oke elu, karịsịa maka oxidants siri ike dị ka ozone, nke na-abawanye ọnụ ahịa nhazi nke sulfide ore. Na mgbakwunye, mmeghachi omume oxidation na-adị mfe site na ihe ndị dị ka uru pH nke ore pulp, okpomọkụ, na ọnụnọ adịghị ọcha ndị ọzọ, na-achọ njikwa siri ike nke ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume.

3.3 Ụzọ nnu ọla kọpa

3.3.1 Ụkpụrụ

A na-agbakwunye nnu ọla kọpa, dị ka sulfate ọla kọpa, na sulfide ore pulp na elu - cyanide adsorbed. Ions ọla kọpa na-emeghachi omume na cyanide iji mepụta ọla kọpa na-adịghị edozi - cyanide complexes. Enwere ike kewapụ ogige ndị a na pulp ore site na usoro nkewa siri ike - mmiri mmiri, si otú a na-enweta mwepụ nke cyanide.

3.3.2 Usoro usoro

1. Nkwadebe nke ore pulp: Kwadebe ọdụdụ sulfide ka ọ bụrụ ebe a na-esi nri nwere oke mmiri siri ike dabara adaba.

2. Mgbakwunye Nnu ọla kọpa: Tinye ọla kọpa sulfate kwesịrị ekwesị na pulp ore. A na-ekpebi ọnụọgụ sulfate ọla kọpa agbakwunyere site na ọdịnaya cyanide dị na pulp ore, n'ozuzu ya na oke ion ọla kọpa na ion cyanide nke 1 - 2: 1. A na-agbakwụnyekarị sulfate ọla kọpa dị ka ihe ngwọta mmiri, na usoro mgbakwunye kwesịrị iso ya na mkpali na-aga n'ihu iji hụ na nkesa ion ọla kọpa dị na pulp ore.

3. Mmeghachi omume na siri ike - Nkewa mmiri mmiri: Mgbe ịgbakwunye nnu ọla kọpa, ka mmeghachi omume na-aga n'ihu maka 1 - 2 awa. Mgbe ahụ, mee nkewa siri ike - mmiri mmiri na pulp ore site na iji ụzọ dị ka filtration ma ọ bụ sedimentation. Ihe siri ike nke kewara ekewa nwere ọla kọpa - cyanide precipitates na mineral sulfide, ebe enwere ike mesoo mmiri mmiri ahụ kewapụrụ iji zute ọkọlọtọ mwepụ ma ọ bụ megharịa ya maka ebumnuche ndị ọzọ.

3.3.3 Uru na ọghọm

• uru: Usoro a nwere ike wepụ cyanide n'ụzọ dị irè n'elu sulfide ore site n'ịmepụta mmiri na-adịghị edozi. Usoro ọrụ dịtụ mfe, na ọla kọpa sulfate bụ ihe na-emekarị na ọnụ ala kemịkalụ reagent, na-enye ụfọdụ uru akụ na ụba.

• ọghọm: Ịtinye nnu ọla kọpa nwere ike iwebata adịghị ọcha ọla kọpa n'ime mkpụrụ osisi ore, nke nwere ike imetụta uru nke mineral sulfide na-esote. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na flotation nke ndu - zinc sulfide ore, oke ọla kọpa ion nwere ike rụọ ọrụ sphalerite, na-egbochi nkewa nke ndu na zinc mineral. Na mgbakwunye, ọ dị mkpa ikpochapụ ọla kọpa - cyanide dịpụrụ adịpụ nke ọma iji gbochie mmetọ nke abụọ.

3.4 Usoro Reagent Composite ọhụrụ

3.4.1 Ụkpụrụ

A na-eji ụfọdụ reagents mejupụtara emepụtara ọhụrụ, dị ka ngwakọta nke polysulfides na sodium metabisulfite. Ndị polysulfides na-emeghachi omume na sọlfọ - nwere ihe ndị dị na cyanide - nwere ogige ndị dị n'elu sulfide ore, ebe sodium metabisulfite na-edozi ikike redox nke usoro ahụ ma na-akwalite mwepu nke cyanide, si otú a na-eme ka ọ dị mfe iwepụ ya.

3.4.2 Usoro usoro

1. Nkwadebe nke ore pulp: Kwadebe ọdụdụ sulfide ka ọ bụrụ ebe a na-esi nri.

2. Mgbakwụnye reagent mejupụtara: Tinye reagent ihe mejupụtara nke nwere polysulfides na sodium metabisulfite na pulp ore. Ogo ịdị arọ nke polysulfides na sodium metabisulfite bụ 1:1. na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke reagent mejupụtara agbakwunyere na-ekpebi dabere na ọdịnaya cyanide dị na pulp ore na ọdịdị nke ore sulfide, n'ozuzu sitere na 0.5 - 2 n'arọ kwa ton nke pulp ore.

3. Mmeghachi omume na nlekota oru: Mgbe ịgbakwunye reagent mejupụtara, ka mmeghachi omume na-aga n'ihu maka awa 1-3. N'oge mmeghachi omume ahụ, nyochaa ọdịnaya cyanide na oke kemịkalụ dị mkpa, dị ka ike redox na uru pH, na pulp ore. Gbanwee ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume ozugbo dị ka nsonaazụ nleba anya siri dị iji hụ na mwepụ nke cyanide zuru oke.

3.4.3 Uru na ọghọm

• uru: Usoro a na-egosi ezigbo mgbanwe maka ụdị sulfide dị iche iche. Ihe mejupụtara reagent na-arụ ọrụ synergistically iji wepụ cyanide nke ọma n'elu nke sulfide ore. E jiri ya tụnyere otu ụzọ reagent, ọ nwere ike na-enye nrụpụta nrụpụta ka mma yana enwechaghị mmetụta na uru nke mineral sulfide na-esote.

• ọghọm: The mmepe na mmepụta nke mejupụtara reagents bụ dịtụ mgbagwoju, na ọnụ ahịa nwere ike ịdị elu karịa ụfọdụ omenala otu-reagent ụzọ. Ọzọkwa, a ka aghọtachaghị usoro mmeghachi omume nke mejupụtara reagents, nke nwere ike iwebata ejighị n'aka na ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe n'ezie.

4. Nhazi usoro na echiche

4.1 Ngwọta nke ore

Tupu iji nke ọ bụla n'ime ụzọ ndị a dị n'elu iji wepụ cyanide n'elu nke sulfide ore, ọ na-adị mkpa mgbe ị na-edozi ore kwesịrị ekwesị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ọdụ ọdụdụ sulfide nwere nnukwu ihe dị mma - grained gangue minerals, pre - screening ma ọ bụ nhazi ọkwa nwere ike rụọ ọrụ iji wepụ ihe siri ike - ka - na-emeso ndị dị mma - irighiri ọka. Nke a nwere ike ịkwalite arụmọrụ kọntaktị dị n'etiti reagent na mineral sulfide na elu - cyanide adsorbed ma belata nnyonye anya nke mineral gangue na usoro mmeghachi omume.

4.2 Njikwa Ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume

• pH Uru: Uru pH nke pulp ore na-emetụta nke ọma usoro mmeghachi omume. Usoro ịgbalite acid na-achọ pH dị ala iji kwalite nbibi nke cyanide - nwere ogige, ebe usoro oxidant na usoro nnu ọla kọpa kwesịrị ịnọgide na-enwe pH kwesịrị ekwesị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ị na-eji hydrogen peroxide dị ka oxidant, uru pH kacha mma nke pulp ore na-abụkarị 8 - 10. na mgbe ị na-eji ọla kọpa sulfate, a na-achịkwa pH uru nke pulp ore na 6-8.

• okpomọkụ: Ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume na-emetụtakwa ọnụego mmeghachi omume na arụmọrụ. N'ozuzu, ịba ụba okpomọkụ nwere ike ime ka ọnụego mmeghachi omume dị ngwa. Otú ọ dị, maka ụfọdụ mmeghachi omume, dị ka oxidation nke cyanide site na hydrogen peroxide, oke okpomọkụ nwere ike ime ka oxidant recompose, na-ebelata arụmọrụ oxidation. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa ka emeziwanye okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume dịka usoro mmeghachi omume a kapịrị ọnụ, na-emekarị n'ime oke 20 - 40 Celsius.

• Ike na-akpali akpali: Mkpali zuru oke dị mkpa iji hụ na nkesa nke reagents na pulp ore ma mee ka ohere kọntaktị dị n'etiti reagent na cyanide - nwere ihe dị n'elu sulfide ore. Agbanyeghị, ịkpali oke nwere ike bute oriri ume na-enweghị isi yana iyi akụrụngwa. Ekwesịrị ikpebi ike mkpali kwesịrị ekwesị site na nyocha nnwale na ahụmịhe mmepụta ihe bara uru.

4.3 siri ike - Nkewa mmiri na ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu

Mgbe mmeghachi omume na-ewepụ cyanide n'elu nke sulfide ore, a na-achọrọ nkewa siri ike nke ọma - nkewa mmiri mmiri iji kewaa mineral sulfide a na-emeso na ngwọta mmeghachi omume. Ụzọ siri ike nke a na-ejikarị - ụzọ nkewa mmiri mmiri gụnyere filtration, sedimentation, na centrifugation. Mmiri mkpofu ahụ kewapụrụ na-enwekarị cyanide fọdụrụnụ na adịghị ọcha ndị ọzọ, bụ ndị a ga-emeziwanye ọgwụgwọ iji ruo ọkọlọtọ ntọhapụ. Usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu nwere ike ịgụnye ụzọ ndị dị ka oxidation ọzọ, adsorption, na ọgwụgwọ ndu.

5. Ọmụmụ ihe

5.1 Ngwa ngwa ngwa acid n'ime ọla edo

N'otu ebe a na-egwupụta ọla edo, mgbe usoro ịgbasa cyanidation gasịrị, ọdụ ọdụ sulfide nwere ntakịrị elu - cyanide adsorbed. Ebe a na-egwupụta ihe na-eji usoro ịgbalite acid maka ọgwụgwọ. Nke mbụ, a na-eme ọdụdụ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ pulp ore nwere oke mmiri siri ike nke 1: 3. Mgbe ahụ, a gbakwụnye sulfuric acid iji mezie uru pH nke ore pulp ka ọ bụrụ 3. Mgbe ọ gbasasịrị maka awa 2, a na-anakọta gas cyanide hydrogen na-emepụta wee banye na ngwọta sodium hydroxide. Mgbe ọgwụgwọ gasịrị, ọdịnaya cyanide dị na pulp ore gbadara site na 5 mg / L ruo ihe na-erughị 0.5 mg / L, na nkwụghachi nkwụghachi nke mineral sulfide na-esote abawanyela ihe dịka 10%. Agbanyeghị, n'oge a na-arụ ọrụ, ntapu gas hydrogen cyanide na-ebute ihe egwu nchekwa na ebe a na-arụ ọrụ, na pipeline akụrụngwa nwere nnukwu mmebi.

5.2 Ụzọ ịgbalite Oxidant na Polymetallic Sulfide ore Mine

Otu m nke sulfide nke polymetallic jiri hydrogen peroxide dị ka oxidant wepụ cyanide n'elu nke sulfide ore. A na-ebu ụzọ gbanwee uru pH nke ore ka ọ bụrụ 9. wee tinye hydrogen peroxide na dose nke 3 kg kwa ton nke pulp ore. Mgbe emechara ihe maka awa 3, ọdịnaya cyanide dị na pulp ore belatara na ọkwa dị ala. Erite uru nke ọla kọpa, lead, na zinc sulfide mineral na-esote emetụtaghị ihe ndị cyanide fọdụrụnụ, na ọnụ ọgụgụ mgbake igwe n'ozuzu ya na-akawanye mma. Otú ọ dị, ọnụ ahịa hydrogen peroxide dị elu mere ka ọnụ ahịa nhazi ígwè na-eri ihe dị ka $5 kwa ton.

6. Mmechi

Iwepu cyanide n'elu sulfide ore bụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa n'ọhịa nhazi ịnweta. Usoro ịgbalite acid, usoro ịgbalite oxidant, usoro nnu ọla kọpa, yana usoro reagent ọhụrụ mejupụtara nke ọ bụla nwere uru na ọghọm nke ya. N'ime ngwa mmepụta ihe n'ezie, ọ dị mkpa iji nlezianya tụlee ihe ndị dị ka ọdịdị nke sulfide ores, ihe nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi chọrọ, na ụgwọ akụ na ụba iji họrọ usoro kachasị mma. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, site n'ịkwalite ọnọdụ usoro, pretreating ore, na ijikwa nke ọma - nkewa mmiri mmiri na ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu, arụmọrụ nke iwepu cyanide n'elu sulfide ore nwere ike ịbawanyewanye, na-enweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke mgbake akụ na nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi.