Kedu mpaghara ngwa ngwa nke sodium cyanide n'ozuzu?

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) bụ ihe inorganic na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu nke nwere ọtụtụ ngwa n'ofe ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ. N'agbanyeghị ọdịdị dị ize ndụ ya, njirimara kemịkalụ ya pụrụ iche na-eme ka ọ bụrụ reagent bara uru n'ọtụtụ usoro mmepụta ihe. Akụkọ a na-enyocha mpaghara dị iche iche nke sodium cyanide eji.

Ulo oru Ngwuputa

Otu n'ime ndị kasị mma-mara ngwa nke sodium cyanide dị na Ulo Ngwuputa, karịsịa maka ịwepụta ọla ndị dị oké ọnụ ahịa. Ọlaedo na ọlaọcha, nke a na-ahụkarị na ọkwa ọkwa dị ala, nwere ike kewapụ nke ọma na nkume gbara ya gburugburu site na iji usoro a na-akpọ cyanidation. Na ọnụnọ oxygen na mmiri, sodium cyanide na-emeghachi ọla edo ma ọ bụ ọlaọcha iji mepụta metal soluble - cyanide complexes. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmeghachi omume na ọla edo nwere ike ịnọchite anya dị ka:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Usoro a na-enye ohere maka mgbake nke ọma nke ọla dị oké ọnụ ahịa site na nnukwu ọla. A na-ejikwa Cyanidation maka mmịpụta ọla ndị ọzọ dị ka ọla kọpa, zinc, na platinum - ọla otu n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi nsi nke cyanide, a na-eme usoro nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi na nchekwa iji gbochie ntọhapụ nke cyanide - nwere ihe ndị na-asọ oyi na gburugburu ebe obibi.

Electroplating na ọgwụgwọ elu

Sodium cyanide na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ime ahụ Eletriki usoro. A na-eji ya dị ka ihe bụ isi ihe na-eme ka ịsa ahụ ọkụ eletrik maka ịkwanye ọla dị ka ọla kọpa, ọlaọcha, cadmium, na zinc n'ime ihe dị iche iche. Na ngwọta electroplating, ion cyanide na-eme n'ọtụtụ ụzọ. Ha na-enyere aka belata polarization nke anode, na-eme ka mgbasa nke anode dị mma. Nke a na-ebute ions ígwè na-akwụsi ike ma na-agbanwe agbanwe na ngwọta. Na mgbakwunye, ion cyanide na-abawanye kathode polarization, nke na-akwalite ntinye edo edo nke ọla n'elu cathode, na-eduga n'ịdị elu - ịdị mma, n'otu n'otu - mkpuchi mkpuchi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na electroplating ọlaọcha, iji sodium cyanide eme ihe na bat ịsa ahụ na-enyere aka nweta mkpuchi ọlaọcha na-egbuke egbuke ma na-agbaso ihe dị ka ọla na kọntaktị eletrik.

Chemical njikọ

1.Inorganic Chemical Production

Sodium cyanide na-eje ozi dị ka isi akụrụngwa maka njikọ nke ọtụtụ inorganic cyanides. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-eji ya emepụta potassium cyanide (KCN), bụ nke a na-ejikwa n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche. Site na mmeghachi omume sodium cyanide na potassium salts site na mmeghachi omume metathesis, enwere ike nweta potassium cyanide. Ndị ọzọ dị mkpa inorganic Cyanides dị ka zinc cyanide (Zn(CN)₂), bụ nke a na-eji na electroplating na dị ka ihe na-akpali na ụfọdụ mmeghachi omume kemịkal, na ọla kọpa (I) cyanide (CuCN), nke a na-eji na-emepụta organic synthesis na electroplating, na-esitekwa na sodium cyanide.

2.Organic Synthesis

Na kemịkalụ organic, sodium cyanide bụ nucleophile dị ike. Ọ nwere ike isonye na mmeghachi omume dịka mmeghachi omume nucleophilic nnọchi na alkyl halides. Mmeghachi omume a, nke a maara dị ka njikọ nitrile Kolbe, bụ ụzọ dị mkpa maka ịgbatị ụdọ carbon. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe alkyl halide (R - X) na-emeghachi omume na sodium cyanide, a na-emepụta alkyl nitrile (R - CN):

R - X+ NaCN → R - CN+ NaX

Enwere ike gbanwee nitriles ndị a na-esi na ya pụta ghọọ ogige ndị ọzọ bara uru. Enwere ike ịme ha hydrolyzed ka ọ bụrụ carboxylic acid ma ọ bụ belata ka ọ ghọọ amines, nke bụ ihe dị mkpa na-ewu ụlọ na njikọ nke ọgwụ, polymers, na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ.

Industrylọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọgwụ

A na-eji sodium cyanide mee ihe na njikọ nke ọtụtụ etiti ọgwụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ na-etinye aka na mmepụta nke ogige dị ka cyanacetic acid na ihe ndị na-emepụta ya. Enwere ike iji Cyanacetic acid mepụta ọgwụ ndị dị ka barbiturates, nke a na-eji dị ka ihe na-edozi ahụ na hypnotics. Ihe atụ ọzọ bụ njikọ nke ụfọdụ amino acids, bụ́ ihe ndị bụ́ isi mejupụtara protein. A na-emepụta ụfọdụ amino acids site na ụzọ sịntetik nke gụnyere iji sodium cyanide dị ka ihe mmalite ma ọ bụ reagent na usoro mmeghachi omume isi. A na-ejizi amino acid ndị a na-emepụta ihe mgbakwunye nri na mmepụta ọgwụ ụfọdụ.

Ụlọ ọrụ esiji na akwa

1.Dye Mmepụta

N'ime ụlọ ọrụ ịcha akwa, a na-eji sodium cyanide eme ihe na-emepụta ụfọdụ agba na agba agba. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ na-etinye aka na njikọ nke cyanuric chloride, nke bụ ihe dị mkpa n'etiti maka mmepụta nke agba agba agba. A na-eji ihe eji esiji eme ihe eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ụlọ ọrụ textile n'ihi ọmarịcha agba agba ha. Cyanuric chloride nwere ike meghachi omume na ogige organic dị iche iche iji mepụta ụdị ụdị agba dị iche iche nke nwere ike jikọta ọnụ na eriri akwa, na-enye agba na-adịgide adịgide.

2.Textile nhazi

N'ụlọ ọrụ textile, enwere ike iji sodium cyanide mee ihe dị ka onye na-agba agba na ụfọdụ usoro ịcha akwa. Mordant na-enyere aka melite njide nke agba na akwa ákwà, na-eme ka agba agba na ịdịte aka nke ihe a na-esiji. Na mgbakwunye, a na-eji ya na ụfọdụ usoro ọgwụgwọ elu maka akwa akwa, dị ka n'ihe gbasara igwe - akụkụ igwe nke nwere ike itinye aka na usoro dị ka mmiri mmiri carburizing na nitriding iji meziwanye ike na iyi - iguzogide ihe igwe.

Njikwa pesti na nsị

N'ihi ọdịdị na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu, a na-eji sodium cyanide mee ihe n'ịchịkwa ụmụ ahụhụ, karịsịa n'oge gara aga maka ebumnuche fumigation. N'ime oghere ndị gbachiri emechi dị ka ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ma ọ bụ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe, a pụrụ iji fumigants sitere na cyanide nwere sodium cyanide gbuo ụmụ ahụhụ dị ka ụmụ ahụhụ, òké na ụfọdụ fungi. Otú ọ dị, iji sodium cyanide na njikwa pesti ebelatala nke ukwuu n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya n'ihi oke nsi ya na mmepe nke ụzọ ọzọ, nke na-adịghị ize ndụ. Iwu nchekwa siri ike ugbu a na-achịkwa ojiji ya na mpaghara a iji gbochie mkpughe na mberede nye ụmụ mmadụ na ihe ndị na-abụghị nke ezubere iche.

N'ikpeazụ, sodium cyanide, n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-egbu egbu, bụ kemịkalụ dị mkpa nke nwere ọtụtụ ngwa dị na ụlọ ọrụ dịka Ngwuputa, electroplating, chemical synthesis, pharmaceuticals, dye and textile, and pest control. Agbanyeghị, njikwa na ojiji ya chọrọ nnabata siri ike na ụkpụrụ nchekwa na gburugburu ebe obibi iji belata ihe egwu dị na ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.