Ịkwalite arụmọrụ nke Gold Cyanide Leaching: Atụmatụ na Nghọta

Okwu Mmalite

gold cyanide leaching guzo dị ka isi nkuku na ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta ọla edo, nke a ma ama maka ịdị irè ya n'iwepụta ọla edo n'ọla. Site n'iji ihe ngwọta cyanide mee ihe, usoro a na-agbaze ọla edo, na-eme ka mgbake na-esote. Ngwa ya dị ogologo na ndekọ egwu egosipụtara emeela ka ọ bụrụ nhọrọ kacha amasị maka ọtụtụ ọrụ Ngwuputa. Otú ọ dị, n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nke arụmọrụ na nkwado na-akwalite, ọganihu na-aga n'ihu nke usoro ntanye cyanide dị mkpa. Nke a blog post delves n'ime dị iche iche ụzọ welie arụmọrụ nke Ọlaedo cyanide leaching, Inyocha ma omenala optimizations na ịkpụ - onu usoro.

Ịghọta Usoro ịgbazinye ọla edo Cyanide

Ihe ndabere nke Cyanide Leaching

Na cyanide gold leaching, cyanide ion (CN⁻) na-emeghachi omume na ọla edo n'ihu ikuku oxygen iji mepụta ọla edo soluble - cyanide complexes. Enwere ike ime ka mmeghachi omume ahụ dị mfe dịka:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Mmeghachi omume a na-eme na nzọụkwụ abụọ bụ isi. Nke mbụ, ikuku oxygen na-eme ka ọla edo na-agbaze, mgbe ahụ, ọla edo oxidized na-emeghachi omume na ion cyanide iji mepụta mgbagwoju anya. Enwere ike ịme usoro ịsa ahụ n'ụzọ dị iche iche, dị ka na nnukwu tankị maka mkpali - tank leaching (nke a na-eji maka ọkwa ọkwa dị elu ma ọ bụ ntinye uche) ma ọ bụ na ikpo ọkụ maka ikpo ọkụ (nke kwesịrị ekwesị maka obere ọkwa ọkwa).

Ihe ndị dị mkpa na-emetụta arụmọrụ nlegharị anya

1. Ntụkwasị Cyanide: Ịnọgide na-enwe ezigbo mkpokọta cyanide dị oke mkpa. Ọ bụrụ na itinye uche dị oke ala, mgbaze ọla edo nwere ike ezughị oke. N'aka nke ọzọ, ntinye uche dị elu ọ bụghị nanị na-abawanye ọnụ ahịa cyanide kamakwa na-ebute ihe ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi. Maka ọtụtụ ore, a na-ejikarị ntinye cyanide dị na 0.05 - 0.1% eme ihe, mana nke a nwere ike ịdị iche dabere na njirimara ọla.

2. Nnweta oxygen: Oxygen bụ isi ihe na-emeghachi omume na ọla edo - mmeghachi omume cyanide. Ịnweta ikuku oxygen zuru oke nwere ike ime ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ntanarị dịkwuo ngwa ngwa. Na mkpali - tank leaching, ikuku ma ọ bụ oxygen dị ọcha nwere ike weba n'ime tankị leaching. Oke cyanide na oxygen (CN⁻/O₂) na-emetụtakwa usoro mmeghachi omume. Mgbe CN⁻ / O₂> 6. A na-achịkwa mmeghachi omume ahụ site na mgbasa ozi oxygen, ebe mgbe CN⁻ / O₂ <6. na-achịkwa ya site na mgbasa cyanide.

3. pH Ọkwa: pH nke ngwọta leaching na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa. A na-echekwa gburugburu alkaline dị elu (na-abụkarị pH 10 - 11) iji gbochie hydrolysis nke cyanide n'ime hydrogen cyanide (HCN), gas na-egbu egbu na nke na-agbanwe agbanwe. A na-agbakwunyekarị lime (CaO) iji dozie na idobe pH.

4. okpomọkụ: Ịba ụba okpomọkụ nwere ike ịkwalite ọnụego mmeghachi omume. Otú ọ dị, na omume, okpomọkụ na-emekarị nanị na gburugburu 25 - 40 Celsius. Okpomọkụ dị elu nwere ike ibute ịba ụba nke cyanide n'ihi mmeghachi omume akụkụ yana evaporation.

Atụmatụ iji kwalite arụmọrụ nkuzi

Oke usoro na-ebuli elu

1. Egweri na njikwa nha nha: Ịhụ na egweri ọka nke ọma bụ isi. Nha urughuru mma na-ekpughekwu mpaghara ọla edo - na-ebu mineral na ngwọta cyanide, na-eme ka ọ dị ngwa ngwa na nke zuru oke. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ebe a na-egwupụta ọla edo dị na South Africa, ibelata urughuru nke ore site na 75μm ruo 53μm mụbara ọnụego mgbake ọla edo site na 8% na usoro ịhịa aka nke cyanide.

2. Na-akpali akpali na mkpali: Na-akpali - tank leaching, ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma akpali akpali ana achi achi n'otu nkesa nke ore ahụ, cyanide ngwọta, na oxygen na tank. Nke a na-eme ka kọntaktị dị n'etiti reactants dịkwuo mma ma kwalite ọnụego leaching. Sistemụ mkpasu iwe dị elu nke nwere mgbanwe - moto ọsọ nwere ike gbanwee dịka ihe achọrọ nke ore na ọnọdụ leaching siri dị.

3. Nkwalite oge nkuzi: Ịchọpụta oge ezumike kwesịrị ekwesị bụ nguzozi. Ịkwụsị ogologo oge nwere ike ịbawanye mgbake ọla edo mana ọ na-edugakwa na oriri cyanide dị elu yana ụgwọ ọrụ. Site na nyocha ụlọ nyocha na nhazi usoro, enwere ike ikpebi oge ịhịa aka kacha mma maka ụdị ọla dị iche iche. Maka ụfọdụ ọla ọkwa dị elu, oge nkwụsị nke awa 24 - 48 nwere ike zuru ezu, ebe maka ọla ndị dị mgbagwoju anya, enwere ike ịgbatị ya ruo awa 72 ma ọ bụ karịa.

Iji ihe mgbakwunye na ndị na-akwalite

1. Ndị na-achọpụta Oxidizing: Mgbakwunye nke ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe na-eme oxidizing dị ka hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), sodium peroxide (Na₂O₂), ma ọ bụ calcium peroxide (CaO₂) nwere ike ime ka ịcha ọla edo dịkwuo elu. Ndị oxidants ndị a na-abawanye ọdịnaya oxygen gbazere na slurry ma mee ka oxidation nke ọla edo mee ngwa ngwa. Dị ka ọmụmaatụ, n'ime nnyocha e mere na ọla edo na-emegharị emegharị n'Australia, ịgbakwụnye H₂O₂ na ntinye nke 2 kg/t nke ore mụbara ọnụego ntanye ọla edo site na 70% ruo 85% n'ime otu oge nkwụsịtụ.

2. Nnu ọla dị arọ: Ụfọdụ nnu metal dị arọ, dị ka nnu ndu (dịka, Pb(NO₃)₂), nwere ike rụọ ọrụ dị ka ndị na-akwalite usoro ịhịa ahụ cyanide. Ha na-etolite mkpụrụ ndụ galvanic mpaghara na ọla edo, na-eme ka mgbasa nke ọla edo na-agbaze ngwa ngwa. N'ime osisi cyanide Canada, ịgbakwụnye Pb (NO₃)₂ nyeere aka ịnọgide na-enwe ezigbo ikuku oxygen gbazere na sekit cyanide wee merie mmetụta ọjọọ nke mineral sulfide na cyanidation.

3. Ndị ọrụ mgbagwoju anya: A pụrụ iji ihe ndị na-agbagwoju anya dị ka ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) mee ihe na-adịghị ọcha na ọla, dị ka ọla kọpa, zinc, na ion ígwè. Nke a na-ebelata asọmpi nke adịghị ọcha ndị a na ọla edo maka ion cyanide, na-emezi ọla edo Leaching arụmọrụ.

Teknụzụ Leaching dị elu

1. Oxygen - Ọkụkụ bara ụba: A makwaara dị ka usoro oxygenation CIG (Carbon - in - Gold), usoro a na-agụnye imeju ikuku oxygen dị ọcha n'ime tankị na-ekpo ọkụ kama ikuku abịakọrọ. Ọdịnaya ikuku oxygen gbazere n'ime slurry na-eme ka ọ dị ngwa ngwa nke ukwuu. Oxygen - ịba ụba leaching nwere ike ibelata oge ntanye ihe ruru 50% ma e jiri ya tụnyere ikuku ọdịnala - ụzọ ịhịa aka n'ahụ ma melite ọnụego ntanye ọla edo site na 10-20%.

2. Nrụgide nrụgide: A na-eme leaching cyanide nrụgide n'ime arịa nrụgide. Ịbawanye nrụgide na-eme ka ikuku oxygen na cyanide na-edozi solubility na ngwọta na-eme ka ọnụego mmeghachi omume dịkwuo elu. Na nrụgide nke 2 × 10⁵ Pa, ọnụego mgbasa ọla edo nwere ike ịbụ 10 - 20 ugboro n'okpuru nrụgide nkịtị. Nkà na ụzụ a dị irè karịsịa maka ọla ọla edo na-emegharị emegharị.

3. Ultrasonic - Nkuzi aka enyere aka: Enwere ike iwebata ebili mmiri ultrasonic n'oge usoro leaching. Ike ultrasonic na-emepụta cavitation egosipụta na mmiri mmiri mmiri, nke na-ada ma na-emepụta elu - nrụgide na elu - okpomọkụ micro - gburugburu. Nke a na-enyere aka ihicha elu nke ọla edo, na-akụda oyi akwa na-ekesa gburugburu ahụ, ma kwalite ntinye nke ngwọta cyanide n'ime ore, si otú a na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma.

Usoro nlekota oru na njikwa

1. Ndị nyocha n'ịntanetị: Ịmepụta ndị nyocha n'ịntanetị maka paramita dị ka ntinye nke cyanide, ọdịnaya oxygen, pH, na ntinye ọla edo na leachate na-enye ohere maka nlekota oge nke usoro leaching. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, onye nyocha cyanide dị n'ịntanetị nwere ike ịchọpụta mgbanwe na ntinye uche cyanide n'ime sekọnd, na-enyere ndị ọrụ aka ịhazigharị ọnụego mgbakwunye cyanide ozugbo.

2. Sistemụ njikwa akpaaka: Enwere ike iji sistemu njikwa akpaaka na-ahazi mgbanwe usoro dabere na data sitere na ndị nyocha n'ịntanetị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbakwunye nke cyanide, lime, na oxidizing agents nwere ike gbanwee na-akpaghị aka dịka ụkpụrụ ntọala nke ntinye cyanide na pH siri dị. Nke a na-ebelata njehie mmadụ ma hụ na arụ ọrụ siri ike na nke ọma nke usoro leaching.

mmechi

Ịkwalite arụmọrụ nke leaching cyanide ọla edo bụ ọrụ nwere akụkụ dị iche iche nke gụnyere ịkwalite usoro usoro ọdịnala, na-eji ihe mgbakwunye na ndị na-akwalite, ịnakwere. Teknụzụ leaching dị elu, na imejuputa usoro nlekota oru na njikwa usoro dị irè. Site n'itinye atụmatụ ndị a, ọrụ Ngwuputa nwere ike melite ọnụego mgbake ọla edo, belata oriri cyanide, ma kwalite nkwado akụ na ụba na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ka ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta ọla edo na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu, nyocha na-aga n'ihu na ihe ọhụrụ na nkà na ụzụ cyanide leaching ga-adị oké mkpa iji zute ihe ịma aka nke mgbagwoju anya mmanụ na ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi.