Ihe ndị dị mkpa na-emetụta ịhịa aka n'ahụ cyanidation ọla edo

Ọlaedo cyanidation leaching, usoro nkume nkuku na ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta ọla edo, gụnyere igbari ọla edo n'ime mmiri. cyanide ngwọta iji wepụ ọla dị oké ọnụ ahịa. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị irè nke ukwuu, usoro a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-adabere n'ọtụtụ ihe dị egwu nke ndị injinia na ndị na-arụ ọrụ ga-ejizi nke ọma. Ịghọta ihe ndị a dị mkpa maka ịkwalite mgbake ọla edo na ibelata ụgwọ ọrụ.

1. Ntụkwasị Cyanide

Ntinye nke cyanide na ngwọta leaching bụ isi ihe na-achọpụta arụmọrụ mmịpụta ọla edo. Cyanide ion na-etolite ogige kwụsiri ike nwere ọla edo, na-eme ka mgbaze ya. N'ozuzu, na-abawanye Ịta Cyanide enwekwu ọla edo mmịpụta ọnụego. Agbanyeghị, njikọ a abụghị ahịrị. N'ebe dị ntakịrị, mgbagwoju anya na-ezughị ezu na-eme, na-ebute mgbaze ọla edo ezughị ezu. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọkwa cyanide dị elu nke ukwuu nwere ike iduga n'ịbawanye ụgwọ ọrụ, ihe egwu gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihi ntanye cyanide nwere ike ime, yana nnyonye anya na usoro mgbake ọla edo na-esote.

Dịka, a na-atụ aro ntinye cyanide nke 0.01% - 0.1% maka ọtụtụ ọla edo. N'ihi na refractory ores na mgbagwoju minerological mejupụtara, elu ịta nwere ike dị mkpa, ma nke a na-achọ nlezianya anya n'uche iji guzozie mmịpụta arụmọrụ na gburugburu ebe obibi na akụ na ụba mmetụta.

2. pH Ọkwa nke Pulp

Idokwa ọkwa pH kwesịrị ekwesị na pulp cyanidation dị oké mkpa maka mgbasa ọla edo. Ngwọta Cyanide dị oke pH - mmetụta; na ụkpụrụ pH dị ala, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke na-egbu egbu, na-emepụta, na-ebelata nnweta ion cyanide n'efu maka mgbagwoju anya ọla edo. Ọzọkwa, ọnọdụ acidic nwere ike ime ka mgbaze nke mineral ndị ọzọ, dị ka ígwè na ọla kọpa, nke nwere ike iri cyanide ma gbochie mmịpụta ọla edo.

Mpaghara obere alkaline, nke nwere pH nke 10 - 11. kacha mma maka cyanidation ọla edo. A na-ejikarị lime eme ihe dị ka onye na-achịkwa pH n'ihi ịdị irè ya n'ịkwado alkalinity, ọnụ ahịa - ịdị irè, yana ike ya igbochi oxidation nke mineral sulfide nke nwere ike ịsọ mpi ọla edo maka cyanide.

3. Oxygen Supply

Oxygen bụ isi ihe na-emeghachi omume na usoro cyanidation ọla edo, na-eme ka oxidation nke ọla edo na-emepụta ọla edo soluble - cyanide complexes. Ị nweta ikuku oxygen zuru oke na-eme ka ọnụego mgbasa ọla edo dịkwuo elu. Na enweghị oxygen zuru oke, mmeghachi omume mmeghachi omume na-adị oke oke, na-eduga na mgbake ọla edo dị ala.

Ụzọ iji hụ na ikuku oxygen na-agụnye mgbakasị ikuku, ikuku oxygen, na iji ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe. Mgbakasị ikuku bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na ọnụ ahịa - ụzọ dị irè, mana maka mmịpụta nke ọma karị, ọkachasị n'ọtụtụ nnukwu ọrụ, enwere ike iji injection oxygen dị ọcha rụọ ọrụ. Nhọrọ nke usoro inye oxygen na-adabere na ihe ndị dị ka ụdị ọla, ikike osisi, na ike akụ na ụba.

4. Mpekere nke ore

Oke urughuru nke ore na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro cyanidation. Obere urughuru nha na-abawanye n'elu ebe dị maka mmeghachi omume n'etiti ọla edo na cyanide ngwọta, accelerating mgbasa ọnụego. Otú ọ dị, oke egweri iji nweta oke urughuru oke na-ebute ụgwọ ike dị elu ma nwee ike ime ka e guzobe slimes, nke nwere ike igbochi ọla edo - mgbagwoju anya cyanide na nke na-esote siri ike - nkewa mmiri.

A ga-akụtu nguzozi; N'ozuzu, egweri ore na nha ebe 80 - 90% nke ụmụ irighiri ihe na-agafe na 74 - μm sieve (200 - ntupu) bụ ihe kacha mma maka ọtụtụ ọrụ cyanidation ọla edo. Nke a na-eme ka o doo anya na ikpughe ebe dị n'elu zuru oke ka ị na-echekwa ike ike yana nhazi slime.

5. Okpomọkụ

Okpomọkụ na-emetụta kinetics nke mmeghachi omume cyanidation ọla edo. Okpomọkụ dị elu n'ozuzu na-abawanye mmeghachi omume mmeghachi omume, ka ha na-enyekwu ume ike na ụmụ irighiri ihe na-emeghachi omume, na-eme ka e guzobe ọlaedo - cyanide complexes. Otú ọ dị, okpomọkụ dị elu na-abawanye ụba nke cyanide, na-eduga ná mfu cyanide dị elu na ihe ize ndụ nchekwa.

Na omume, a na-emekarị cyanidation ọla edo na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ n'ihi ahia - kwụsịrị n'etiti nkwalite ọnụego mmeghachi omume na ịba ụba cyanide. Maka ụfọdụ ọla ma ọ bụ n'ọrụ pụrụ iche, enwere ike iji na-abawanye okpomọkụ na-agafeghị oke (ruo 40 - 50 Celsius) iji kwalite arụmọrụ mmịpụta ma na-ejikwa nlezianya na-achịkwa evaporation cyanide na ụkpụrụ nchekwa.

6. Mineralogical mejupụtara nke ore

Ọnụnọ nke mineral dị iche iche na ọla nwere ike imetụta cyanidation ọla edo. Sulfide mineral, dị ka pyrite na arsenopyrite, nwere ike imeghachi omume na cyanide na oxygen, na-eri reagents na mbenata gold mmịpụta arụmọrụ. Ụfọdụ mineral nwekwara ike ịmepụta ogige na-adịghị edozi ya na ọla edo ma ọ bụ cyanide, na-egbochi ịmepụta ọla edo soluble - cyanide complexes.

Usoro ọgwụgwọ tupu oge eruo, dị ka ịhịa aka n'ahụ, oxidation oxidation, ma ọ bụ bio-oxidation, nwere ike were n'ọrụ iji mebie mineral ndị na-emegharị ahụ ma hapụ ọla edo edochiri anya, na-eme ka ịdị irè nke cyanidation dịkwuo mma. Ịghọta kpọmkwem mineralogy nke ore dị mkpa maka ịhọrọ ụzọ ọgwụgwọ tupu oge eruo na ịkwalite usoro cyanidation.

Na ngwụcha, Ọlaedo cyanidation leaching bụ usoro mgbagwoju anya nke ọtụtụ ihe jikọrọ ọnụ na-emetụta. Site n'iji nlezianya chịkwaa ịta cyanide, pH pH, ikuku oxygen, nha nha nke ore, ọnọdụ okpomọkụ, na ilebara ihe ịma aka nke ore, ọrụ Ngwuputa nwere ike ịbawanye mgbake ọla edo, kwalite nlọghachi akụ na ụba, ma hụ na ọ dịgidere gburugburu ebe obibi. Nnyocha na-aga n'ihu na ọganihu nkà na ụzụ na mpaghara a na-achọ ime ka usoro ndị a dịkwuo mma ma merie njedebe ndị metụtara usoro cyanidation ọla edo ọdịnala.