Ihe ndị dị mkpa na-emetụta ịhịa aka n'ahụ cyanidation ọla edo

Ịdọcha ọlaedo cyanidation leaching, usoro dị mkpa n'ụlọ ọrụ igwu ọlaedo, gụnyere ịgbaze ọlaedo n'ime mmiri cyanide iji wepụta ọla dị oké ọnụ ahịa. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị irè nke ukwuu, arụmọrụ nke usoro a dabere na ọtụtụ ihe dị mkpa nke ndị injinia na ndị ọrụ na-egwuputa ihe ga-ejikwa nke ọma. Ịghọta ihe ndị a dị mkpa maka ime ka ọlaedo dị mma ma belata ọnụ ahịa ọrụ.

1. Ntụkwasị Cyanide

Njupụta nke cyanide n'ime mmiri mmiri na-amịpụta ihe bụ isi ihe na-ekpebi arụmọrụ nke mwepụta ọlaedo. Ion cyanide na-etolite mgbagwoju anya na ọlaedo, na-eme ka ọ gbazee. N'ozuzu, mmụba nke mkpokọta Cyanide na-eme ka ọnụego mwepụta ọlaedo dịkwuo elu. Agbanyeghị, mmekọrịta a abụghị nke kwụ ọtọ. Na obere mkpokọta, enweghị mgbagwoju anya na-eme, na-ebute mkpụkọ ọlaedo na-ezughị ezu. N'aka nke ọzọ, oke cyanide nwere ike ibute mmụba nke ọnụ ahịa ọrụ, ihe egwu gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihi ike ịgbapụta cyanide, na mgbochi na usoro mgbake ọlaedo na-esote.

Dịka, a na-atụ aro ntinye cyanide nke 0.01% - 0.1% maka ọtụtụ ọla edo. N'ihi na refractory ores na mgbagwoju minerological mejupụtara, elu ịta nwere ike dị mkpa, ma nke a na-achọ nlezianya anya n'uche iji guzozie mmịpụta arụmọrụ na gburugburu ebe obibi na akụ na ụba mmetụta.

2. pH Ọkwa nke Pulp

Idokwa ọkwa pH kwesịrị ekwesị na pulp cyanidation dị oké mkpa maka mgbasa ọla edo. Ngwọta Cyanide dị oke pH - mmetụta; na ụkpụrụ pH dị ala, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke na-egbu egbu, na-emepụta, na-ebelata nnweta ion cyanide n'efu maka mgbagwoju anya ọla edo. Ọzọkwa, ọnọdụ acidic nwere ike ime ka mgbaze nke mineral ndị ọzọ, dị ka ígwè na ọla kọpa, nke nwere ike iri cyanide ma gbochie mmịpụta ọla edo.

Mpaghara obere alkaline, nke nwere pH nke 10 - 11. kacha mma maka cyanidation ọla edo. A na-ejikarị lime eme ihe dị ka onye na-achịkwa pH n'ihi ịdị irè ya n'ịkwado alkalinity, ọnụ ahịa - ịdị irè, yana ike ya igbochi oxidation nke mineral sulfide nke nwere ike ịsọ mpi ọla edo maka cyanide.

3. Oxygen Supply

Oxygen bụ isi ihe na-emeghachi omume na usoro cyanidation ọla edo, na-eme ka oxidation nke ọla edo na-emepụta ọla edo soluble - cyanide complexes. Ị nweta ikuku oxygen zuru oke na-eme ka ọnụego mgbasa ọla edo dịkwuo elu. Na enweghị oxygen zuru oke, mmeghachi omume mmeghachi omume na-adị oke oke, na-eduga na mgbake ọla edo dị ala.

Ụzọ iji hụ na ikuku oxygen na-agụnye mgbakasị ikuku, ikuku oxygen, na iji ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe. Mgbakasị ikuku bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na ọnụ ahịa - ụzọ dị irè, mana maka mmịpụta nke ọma karị, ọkachasị n'ọtụtụ nnukwu ọrụ, enwere ike iji injection oxygen dị ọcha rụọ ọrụ. Nhọrọ nke usoro inye oxygen na-adabere na ihe ndị dị ka ụdị ọla, ikike osisi, na ike akụ na ụba.

4. Mpekere nke ore

Oke urughuru nke ore na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro cyanidation. Obere urughuru nha na-abawanye n'elu ebe dị maka mmeghachi omume n'etiti ọla edo na cyanide ngwọta, accelerating mgbasa ọnụego. Otú ọ dị, oke egweri iji nweta oke urughuru oke na-ebute ụgwọ ike dị elu ma nwee ike ime ka e guzobe slimes, nke nwere ike igbochi ọla edo - mgbagwoju anya cyanide na nke na-esote siri ike - nkewa mmiri.

A ga-akụtu nguzozi; N'ozuzu, egweri ore na nha ebe 80 - 90% nke ụmụ irighiri ihe na-agafe na 74 - μm sieve (200 - ntupu) bụ ihe kacha mma maka ọtụtụ ọrụ cyanidation ọla edo. Nke a na-eme ka o doo anya na ikpughe ebe dị n'elu zuru oke ka ị na-echekwa ike ike yana nhazi slime.

5. Okpomọkụ

Okpomọkụ na-emetụta kinetics nke mmeghachi omume cyanidation ọla edo. Okpomọkụ dị elu n'ozuzu na-abawanye mmeghachi omume mmeghachi omume, ka ha na-enyekwu ume ike na ụmụ irighiri ihe na-emeghachi omume, na-eme ka e guzobe ọlaedo - cyanide complexes. Otú ọ dị, okpomọkụ dị elu na-abawanye ụba nke cyanide, na-eduga ná mfu cyanide dị elu na ihe ize ndụ nchekwa.

Na omume, a na-emekarị cyanidation ọla edo na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ n'ihi ahia - kwụsịrị n'etiti nkwalite ọnụego mmeghachi omume na ịba ụba cyanide. Maka ụfọdụ ọla ma ọ bụ n'ọrụ pụrụ iche, enwere ike iji na-abawanye okpomọkụ na-agafeghị oke (ruo 40 - 50 Celsius) iji kwalite arụmọrụ mmịpụta ma na-ejikwa nlezianya na-achịkwa evaporation cyanide na ụkpụrụ nchekwa.

6. Mineralogical mejupụtara nke ore

Ọnụnọ nke mineral dị iche iche na ọla nwere ike imetụta cyanidation ọla edo. Sulfide mineral, dị ka pyrite na arsenopyrite, nwere ike imeghachi omume na cyanide na oxygen, na-eri reagents na mbenata gold mmịpụta arụmọrụ. Ụfọdụ mineral nwekwara ike ịmepụta ogige na-adịghị edozi ya na ọla edo ma ọ bụ cyanide, na-egbochi ịmepụta ọla edo soluble - cyanide complexes.

Usoro ọgwụgwọ tupu oge eruo, dị ka ịhịa aka n'ahụ, oxidation oxidation, ma ọ bụ bio-oxidation, nwere ike were n'ọrụ iji mebie mineral ndị na-emegharị ahụ ma hapụ ọla edo edochiri anya, na-eme ka ịdị irè nke cyanidation dịkwuo mma. Ịghọta kpọmkwem mineralogy nke ore dị mkpa maka ịhọrọ ụzọ ọgwụgwọ tupu oge eruo na ịkwalite usoro cyanidation.

Na mmechi, ịkụcha cyanidation ọlaedo bụ usoro dị mgbagwoju anya nke ọtụtụ ihe ndị metụtara ya na-emetụta. Site n'iji nlezianya chịkwaa mkpokọta cyanide, pH nke pulp, ọkọnọ oxygen, nha nke ihe ndị dị n'ime ọla, okpomọkụ, na idozi nsogbu mineral nke ọla ahụ, ọrụ igwu ala nwere ike ime ka mgbake ọlaedo dịkwuo elu, melite uru akụ na ụba, ma hụ na gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịgide adịgide. Nnyocha na-aga n'ihu na ọganihu teknụzụ n'ọhịa a na-achọ ime ka usoro ndị a ka mma ma merie oke ndị metụtara usoro cyanidation ọlaedo ọdịnala.