Ọgwụgwọ nke ọma nke mkpofu Cyanide nwere n'ime ngwa nke sodium Cyanide

Okwu Mmalite

A na-ejikarị Sodium Cyanide eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche dịka igwu ala, imepụta ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ala, imepụta ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ala, na imepụta kemịkalụ n'ihi na ọ nwere ihe pụrụ iche dị na kemịkalụ ya. Agbanyeghị, itinye Sodium cyanide n'ọrụ na-emepụta ihe mkpofu nwere cyanide , nke na-eyi ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi egwu ma ọ bụrụ na ejighị ya nke ọma. Cyanide na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu ma nwee ike ibute nnukwu mmerụ ahụ nye ihe ndị dị ndụ ọbụlagodi na obere ego. Ya mere, ọ dị oke mkpa iji ụzọ ziri ezi lụso ihe mkpofu ndị a ọgụ.

Ihe ize ndụ nke mkpofu Cyanide nwere

Nsi nye mmadu

Cyanide nwere ike ịbanye n'ahụ mmadụ site na iku ume, iri nri, ma ọ bụ mmetụ akpụkpọ ahụ. Ozugbo n'ime ahụ, ọ nwere ike jikọọ ngwa ngwa na cytochrome oxidase na sel, na-egbochi iku ume cellular ma na-eduga na hypoxia anụ ahụ. N'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike, ọ nwere ike ibute ọnwụ ngwa ngwa. Ọbụna ikpughe ọkwa dị ala karịa ogologo oge nwere ike ịkpata mgbaàmà dịka isi ọwụwa, isi ọwụwa, adịghị ike, na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, nsogbu ahụike na-adịghị ala ala.

Mmetụta na Aquatic Organisms

Cyanide na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu maka ndụ mmiri. Ọbụlagodi na mkpokọta dị ala, ọ nwere ike imebi ọrụ physiological nkịtị nke azụ, invertebrates, na ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'ime mmiri. Ọ nwere ike imetụta iku ume ha, uto ha, mmeputakwa, na usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ntinye nke ion cyanide bụ 0.02 - 1.0 mg / L (n'ime awa 24), azụ nwere ike ịnwụ. Cyanide nwekwara ike ịkpata mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri ogologo oge site n'ibelata ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ na imebi usoro nri.

Mmetụta na Osisi

Mgbe osisi na-ekpuchi cyanide - nwere ihe mkpofu, ọ nwere ike inwe mmetụta na-adịghị mma na uto na mmepe ha. Nnukwu mkpokọta cyanide nwere ike igbochi uto mgbọrọgwụ osisi, belata oriri na-edozi ahụ, ma na-emetụta photosynthesis. N'ebe a na-arụ ọrụ ugbo, nke a nwere ike ibute mbelata ihe ọkụkụ na ịdị mma. Na mgbakwunye, cyanide - nwere mmiri mkpofu a na-eji maka ogbugba mmiri n'ubi nwere ike imerụ ala, na-emetụta ogo ala na uto nke ihe ọkụkụ na-esote.

Ụzọ ọgwụgwọ maka mkpofu Cyanide nwere

Usoro Alkaline Chlorination

Ụkpụrụ : Usoro a na-agbanwe pH nke cyanide - nke nwere mmiri mkpofu ruo 8.5 - 9 wee tinye ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha site na chlorine. Ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha site na chlorine, dị ka bleach (karịsịa NaClO) ma ọ bụ gas chlorine (Cl₂, nke na-agbaze na mmiri iji mepụta HClO), na-emeghachi omume na ion cyanide (CN⁻). Na nzọụkwụ mbụ, a na-eme ka cyanide dị ka cyanate (CNO⁻), nke na-adịghị egbu egbu. Oxidation ọzọ nwere ike ịgbanwe cyanate ka ọ bụrụ Carbon dioxide (CO₂) na nitrogen (N₂). Enwere ike ịkọwa mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ dị ka:

CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2H⁺

2CNO⁻ + 3ClO⁻ + H₂O → 2CO₂ + N₂ + 3Cl⁻ + 2OH⁻

Uru na ọghọm : Usoro alkaline chlorination dị mfe iji ma ejirila ya mee ihe nke ukwuu. Ọ nwere ike ibelata ọdịnaya cyanide dị na mmiri mkpofu ruo n'ọkwa dị ala. Agbanyeghị, ọ ka mma iji ya agwọ mmiri mkpofu na obere mkpokọta cyanide. Ọ bụrụ na mkpokọta cyanide dị oke elu, a ga-achọ nnukwu ihe na-eme ka oxidants dabere na chlorine dịkwuo elu, nke nwere ike ime ka ọnụ ahịa ọgwụgwọ dịkwuo elu ma mepụta ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ.

Ụzọ nrụgide Hydrolysis

Ụkpụrụ : N'ụzọ a, a na-etinye mmiri mkpofu nke nwere cyanide n'ime akpa mechiri emechi. A na-agbakwunye alkaline, wee kpoo mmiri mkpofu ọkụ ma tinye nrụgide. N'ọnọdụ ndị a, cyanide na-enweta mmeghachi omume hydrolysis. Ion Cyanide na-emeghachi omume na molekul mmiri iji mepụta sodium formate na-adịghị egbu egbu (HCOONa) na ammonia (NH₃). Usoro mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ bụ:

CN⁻ + 2H₂O → HCOO⁻ + NH₃

Uru na ọghọm : Usoro hydrolysis nrụgide nwere ọtụtụ mgbanwe na mkpokọta cyanide dị na mmiri mkpofu. Ọ nwekwara ike ijikwa ngwakọta cyanide dị mgbagwoju anya. Ọrụ a dị mfe n'ihe gbasara usoro mmeghachi omume. Agbanyeghị, usoro a chọrọ akụrụngwa pụrụ iche maka nrụgide na ikpo ọkụ, nke na-eme ka usoro ahụ dum sie ike. Na mgbakwunye, oriri ike na itinye ego na akụrụngwa dị oke elu, na-ebute ọnụ ahịa ọgwụgwọ dị elu.

Usoro Acidized

Ụkpụrụ : N'ụzọ e si mee ka acid dị, a na-agbakwunye sulfuric acid na cyanide - nke nwere mmiri mkpofu iji gbanwee pH ka ọ bụrụ 2 - 3. N'ọnọdụ acid, cyanide dị na mmiri mkpofu na-emeghachi omume iji mepụta hydrogen cyanide gas (HCN). Ebe ọ bụ na njupụta nke hydrogen cyanide gas dị obere, ma site na iji ụkpụrụ nke nguzozi nrụgide ikuku, a na-agafe ikuku site na mmiri mkpofu iji bufee hydrogen cyanide gas. Enwere ike itinye hydrogen cyanide gas a na-ebuga n'ime ngwọta alkali maka imegharị ihe. Isi mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ bụ:

CN⁻ + H⁺ → HCN↑

Uru na ọghọm : Otu n'ime uru nke usoro a bụ na ọ nwere ike iweghachite Sodium Cyanide , nke nwere uru akụ na ụba ụfọdụ. Agbanyeghị, usoro a chọrọ njikwa siri ike nke ọnọdụ ọrụ. Gas hydrogen cyanide na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu, mmiri ọ bụla n'oge usoro a nwere ike ibute nnukwu nsogbu nye gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike mmadụ. Ya mere, a chọrọ usoro nchekwa dị elu na mkpuchi akụrụngwa.

Ụzọ ọgwụgwọ ndu

Ụkpụrụ : Ụfọdụ nje bacteria nwere ike ịgbaze cyanide. N'ime usoro ọgwụgwọ bayoloji, a na-eji nje bacteria ma ọ bụ fungi kpọmkwem emebi cyanide n'ime ihe mkpofu. Nje bacteria ndị a nwere ike iji cyanide dị ka isi iyi carbon ma ọ bụ nitrogen site na usoro mmeghachi omume enzymatic, na-agbanwe ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị egbu egbu dị ka carbon dioxide, mmiri, na ammonia. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụfọdụ nje bacteria cyanide na-emebi emebi nwere ike imebi cyanide ka ọ bụrụ ihe ndị na-adịghị emerụ ahụ site na usoro metabolic.

Uru na ọghọm : Usoro ọgwụgwọ bayoloji dị mma maka gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihi na ha anaghị ewebata ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-emepụta kemịkalụ. Ha nwere ike ịdị ọnụ ala - dị irè maka ịgwọ nnukwu - olu, obere - cyanide - nwere ihe mkpofu. Agbanyeghị, ọgwụgwọ bayoloji dabere nke ukwuu na ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi dịka okpomọkụ, pH, na ọnụnọ nke ihe ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ ndị ahụ adịghị mma, a ga-egbochi ọrụ nke obere nje, na-emetụta mmetụta ọgwụgwọ ahụ. Na mgbakwunye, usoro ọgwụgwọ ahụ nwere ike ịdị nwayọ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụfọdụ usoro kemịkalụ.

Ngwọta siri ike - Usoro ọgwụgwọ Cyanide - ihe mkpofu nwere

Maka cyanide siri ike - nwere ihe mkpofu, dị ka nke sitere na ọdụ ngwuputa ma ọ bụ ihe fọdụrụnụ nke ụlọ ọrụ, ụzọ ọgwụgwọ dịkwa oke mkpa. Otu ụzọ a na-emekarị bụ ịkwanye cyanide n'ime ihe mkpofu siri ike. Enwere ike nweta nke a site n'ịgbakwunye ụfọdụ ihe ejikọtara ma ọ bụ ihe nkwusi ike. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịgbakwunye ciment ma ọ bụ wayo na ihe mkpofu nwere ike ịmepụta matrix siri ike nke na-ekpuchi cyanide, na-ebelata ikike ya. Ụzọ ọzọ bụ iji ọgwụ reagents meghachi omume na cyanide n'ime ihe mkpofu siri ike, na-agbanwe ya ka ọ bụrụ ogige ndị na-esighị ike ma ọ bụ ndị na-egbu egbu.

Achọrọ usoro iwu yana nleba anya nchekwa

Achọrọ usoro iwu

N'ọtụtụ mba na mpaghara, enwere iwu siri ike gbasara ọgwụgwọ na mkpofu cyanide - ihe mkpofu nwere. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) ewepụtala oke maka oke cyanide kachasị na mmiri ọñụñụ (0.05 mg/L) na mmiri gburugburu (0.20 mg/L). N'ime mmiri mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ, a na-ahazikwa oke mkpokọta cyanide, na-abụkarị ihe dịka 0.50 mg / L. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-emepụta cyanide - nwere ihe mkpofu ka achọrọ ịgbaso ụkpụrụ ndị a. Ha ga-emejuputa usoro ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị iji hụ na mmiri mkpofu awụsara ma ọ bụ ihe mkpofu ekpofuo kwekọrọ n'ụkpụrụ akọwapụtara. Ọdịda irube isi nwere ike ibute ntaramahụhụ siri ike, gụnyere nra na enwere ike imechi ọrụ.

Ntụle Nchekwa

Mgbe ị na-ejikwa cyanide - nwere mkpofu, nchekwa kwesịrị ịbụ ihe kacha mkpa mgbe niile. Ndị ọrụ na-etinye aka na usoro ọgwụgwọ ahụ ga-enwerịrị akụrụngwa nchedo onwe onye kwesịrị ekwesị (PPE). Nke a na-agụnye respirators zuru ezu - ihu iji gbochie ikuru ikuku cyanide na-egbu egbu, kemịkalụ - suut na-eguzogide ọgwụ iji chebe akpụkpọ ahụ pụọ na kọntaktị na cyanide - nwere ihe ndị nwere ihe, uwe rọba, na akpụkpọ ụkwụ roba. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ebe ọrụ kwesịrị ịdị mma - ventilashị iji belata mkpokọta nke cyanide - gas metụtara. Ekwesịrị inye ndị ọrụ ọzụzụ nchekwa nchekwa oge niile iji hụ na ha maara usoro njikwa kwesịrị ekwesị, usoro nzaghachi mberede ma ọ bụrụ na mwụfu ma ọ bụ ntapu, na ihe egwu dị na cyanide.

mmechi

Ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị nke cyanide - nke nwere ihe mkpofu a na-emepụta n'oge a na-eji sodium cyanide eme ihe dị mkpa maka ichebe ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Site n'ịghọta ihe egwu dị na ihe mkpofu ndị a na ịnakwere usoro ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị dịka alkaline chlorination, pressurizing hydrolysis, usoro acidized, ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ bayọlọji, anyị nwere ike ibelata ihe egwu ndị metụtara cyanide nke ọma. Imezu ihe achọrọ na iwu na ijide n'aka na nchekwa na usoro ọgwụgwọ bụkwa nzọụkwụ dị mkpa n'ịchịkwa ihe mkpofu nwere cyanide. Nnyocha na mmepe na-aga n'ihu n'akụkụ a dị mkpa iji melite teknụzụ ọgwụgwọ, na-eme ka ha dịkwuo irè, dị ọnụ ala, ma dịkwa mma maka gburugburu ebe obibi.