Kedu ihe eji cyanide eme ihe?

Cyanide, ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ nwere otu cyano nwere carbon Atọm atọ - nke ejikọtara na atọm nitrogen, bụ ihe a maara nke ọma maka nnukwu nsí ya. Agbanyeghị, ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche n'ihi ihe pụrụ iche kemịkalụ ya.

1. Ụlọ ọrụ Ngwuputa

Otu n'ime ihe ndị kacha mkpa e ji Cyanide eme bụ n'ọrụ ndị na-egwupụta ihe , ọkachasị n'iwepụta ọla dị oke ọnụ ahịa dịka ọlaedo na ọlaọcha. A na-akpọ usoro a cyanidation ma ọ bụ usoro cyanide.

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• Nhazi nke Ore : A na-eji ihe ngwọta Cyanide agbaze ọlaedo na ọlaọcha site na ihe e gwupụtara n'ala. Ọlaedo, n'ụdị ya, nwere ike oxidation dị elu. Mana mgbe ọ nọ n'ihu ion cyanide (\(CN^-\)), ọlaedo ahụ na-emepụta ion mgbagwoju anya na-agbaze. Mmekọrịta kemịkalụ a na-eme ka ọlaedo ahụ gbazee na ihe ngwọta cyanide, na-ekewapụ ya na ihe ndị ọzọ dị na ihe ahụ.

• N'otu aka ahụ maka ọlaọcha, ọ na-emeghachi omume na cyanide n'ụzọ yiri nke ahụ iji mepụta mgbagwoju anya nke soluble, na-ekwe ka e wepụ ya na matrix ore.

• Mgbe agbazechara ọla ndị dị oké ọnụ ahịa na ngwọta cyanide, enwere ike nwetaghachi ha site na usoro electrochemical dị ka eletriki. Na electrowinning, ọkụ eletrik na-agafe na ngwọta, na-eme ka ion ígwè na-etinye na cathode. Ụzọ ọzọ bụ mmiri ozuzo, dịka ọmụmaatụ, site n'ịgbakwunye ígwè na-emeghachi omume dị ka zinc. Zinc na-ewepụ ọla edo ma ọ bụ ọlaọcha site na ion mgbagwoju anya na ngwọta, na-eme ka mgbake nke ọla ndị dị oké ọnụ ahịa.

2. Nrụpụta kemịkalụ

Ngwakọta Cyanide bụ etiti dị oke mkpa na mmepụta kemịkalụ dị iche iche.

Plastics

• A na-eji ihe ndị na-emepụta Cyanide mee ihe na mmepụta nke roba sịntetik na plastik. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, acrylonitrile, nke nwere otu cyano, bụ isi monomer na mmepụta nke polyacrylonitrile (PAN). A na-eji PAN eme eriri acrylic, nke a na-eji na ụlọ ọrụ textile eme uwe, kapeeti, na ihe mkpuchi. Site na usoro polymerization, ụmụ irighiri ihe acrylonitrile na-ejikọta ọnụ iji mepụta ogologo agbụ nke polyacrylonitrile.

E ji esiji ákwà

• A na-eji kemịkal sitere na cyanide emepụta ụfọdụ akwa akwa. Cyanide - nwere ogige nwere ike iji webata otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ụmụ irighiri ihe eji esiji esiji, nke nwere ike imetụta agba ha, solubility, na ngwa ngwa ngwa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụfọdụ ihe na-esiji ihe na-emeghachi omume nke nwere ike ịmepụta njikọ dị n'ime ya na eriri textile n'oge a na-esiji ákwà nwere ike ịnwe cyanide - otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-ewepụta, na-enye aka na ike ịjiji na-agbado na agba ákwà ahụ nke ọma.

pharmaceuticals

• Cyanide na-ekere òkè n'ichepụta ọgwụ na ihe ndị na-emepụta ọgwụ na-arụ ọrụ (APIs). Ọ bụ ezie na ojiji nke cyanide na-emepụta ọgwụ na-achịkwa nke ukwuu n'ihi nsị ya, ọ nwere ike itinye aka na mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ n'oge njikọ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị dị mgbagwoju anya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ụfọdụ ụzọ sịntetịt nke ọtụtụ usoro maka ọgwụ, enwere ike iji cyanide webata otu cyano n'ime molekul. Enwere ike imeziwanye otu cyano a site na usoro dị ka hydrolysis iji mepụta acid carboxylic, ma ọ bụ mbelata ka ọ mepụta amines, nke bụ otu ọrụ dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ ọgwụ.

3. Electroplating na metal ọgwụgwọ

A na-eji ngwọta Cyanide eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na usoro electroplating.

Nrụpụta ọla

• N'ime mmepụta ọla dị elu, cyanide - ihe ngwọta electroplating dabeere na-eji na-etinye ọla dị ka ọla edo, ọlaọcha na ọla kọpa n'elu. Cyanide na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-agbagwoju anya, nke na-enyere aka n'inweta mkpuchi metal dị nro, uwe na nke na-ejikọta ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na electroplating ọla edo, ọla edo - mgbagwoju anya cyanide na ngwọta na-enye ohere maka njikwa nke ọma nke nkwụnye ego na àgwà nke oyi akwa ọla edo na ngwongwo ọla. N'oge electroplating, gold - cyanide complexes dissociates na cathode, na ọla edo ions na-ebelata ka ọ dị mkpa, ọbụna oyi akwa nke ọla edo n'elu ọla.

Electronics

• Na ụlọ ọrụ eletrọnịkị, a na-eji cyanide-based electroplating na-ekpuchi ihe ndị mejupụtara ya. Nke a na-eme ka conductivity na nguzogide corrosion nke akụkụ eletrọnịkị dịkwuo mma. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-eji ọla kọpa - cyanide electroplating na-etinye ọla kọpa dị mkpa na mbadamba sekit (PCB). Ngwunye ọla kọpa na-enye ezigbo ọkụ eletrik, na iji cyanide na bat electroplating na-enyere aka inweta uwe na ntụpọ - mkpuchi ọla kọpa n'efu, nke dị mkpa maka ịrụ ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị nke PCB.

4. Ngwa ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ

Metal Quenching

• Enwere ike iji ogige Cyanide mee ihe na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke ọla, kpọmkwem na usoro a na-akpọ cyanide. Na cyanide, akụkụ ígwè na-ekpo ọkụ na bat nwere nnu cyanide. Usoro a na-ewebata carbon na nitrogen n'ime elu igwe, na-eme ka ọ sie ike. Ka cyanide na-emebi emebi na oke okpomọkụ, carbon na nitrogen atom na-agbasa n'ime elu igwe, na-eme ogige siri ike dị ka ígwè nitrides na carbides. Ogige ndị a na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na ike ọgwụgwụ nke metal ahụ dịkwuo mma, na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo ogologo maka ngwa dị iche iche.

Njikọ Organic

• A na-eji Cyanide ewebata otu cyano (\(-CN\)) ka ọ bụrụ molekul organic, na-emepụta cyanides organic (nitriles). A pụrụ ịgbanwe nitriles ndị a ka ọ bụrụ otu ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, hydrolysis nke nitrile n'ihu acid ma ọ bụ ntọala nwere ike imepụta carboxylic acid. Mbelata nitrile nwere ike ibute ịmepụta amine. Nke a na-eme ka cyanide bụrụ ihe bara uru na njikọta nke ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị ndụ, gụnyere ndị e ji emepụta ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ, ụtọ, na kemịkalụ pụrụ iche ndị ọzọ.

Mmepụta nke Chemicals ndị ọzọ

• A na-eji Cyanide na-emepụta kemịkalụ dị ka cyanuric chloride. Cyanuric chloride bụ ihe dị mkpa n'etiti mmepụta nke ahịhịa ahịhịa, pesticides, na agba. A na-emepụta ya site na trimerization nke cyanogen chloride, nke a na-emekarị site na isi mmalite cyanide. Site na mgbanwe kemịkalụ a, cyanide na-enye aka n'ịmepụta ogige ndị dị mkpa maka ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche, site na ọrụ ugbo ruo na ịcha akwa.

N'ikpeazụ, n'agbanyeghị ọdịdị na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu, mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ pụrụ iche nke cyanide na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime ọtụtụ usoro mmepụta ihe. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi oke nsi ya, usoro nchekwa siri ike na ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi dị n'ọnọdụ iji hụ na njikwa, ojiji na mkpofu ya kwesịrị ekwesị na ntọala ụlọ ọrụ.