Kedu ihe nrụpụta kemịkalụ nwere ike iji sodium cyanide jikere?

sodium cyanide (NaCN) bụ ihe na-egbu egbu ma dị mkpa kemịkalụ akụrụngwa. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa na njikọ nke dị iche iche Ihe nrụpụta kemịkalụ n'ihi mmeghachi omume nke otu cyanide (-CN). Nke a bụ ụfọdụ n'ime ihe mgbapụta kemịkalụ enwere ike ijikwa ya sodium cyanide:

Mmepụta Cyanide inorganic

1.Ferrocyanides: Sodium cyanide na-emeghachi omume na nnu ígwè iji mepụta ferroCyanides. Dị ka ihe atụ, mmeghachi omume nke sodium cyanide na ferrous sulfate nwere ike inye sodium ferrocyanide (Na₄ [Fe(CN)₆]). A na-eji onyinye a eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ịmepụta pigmenti na-acha anụnụ anụnụ dị ka blue Prussian, ma nweekwa ngwa na ụlọ ọrụ nri dị ka onye na-eme ihe na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị na nnu. Enwere ike ịnọchite anya mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ dị ka:

6NaCN + FeSO₄ → Na₄[Fe(CN)₆] + Na₂SO₄

2.Cyanide mgbagwoju nke ọla: Sodium cyanide nwere ike ịmepụta ogige nwere ọtụtụ ion ígwè. Na mmịpụta nke ọla edo na ọlaọcha, dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ihu ikuku oxygen, ọla edo na ọlaọcha na-emeghachi omume sodium cyanide iji mepụta ogige cyanide metal soluble. Maka ọla edo, mmeghachi omume bụ nke a:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂] + 4NaOH

A na-arụzikwa ụlọ ndị a - metal - cyanide complexes iji nweta ọla dị ọcha. Na mgbakwunye na ọla edo na ọlaọcha, sodium cyanide nwekwara ike ịmepụta ogige ndị nwere ọla dị ka ọla kọpa, zinc, na nickel, nke nwere ngwa na electroplating na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Dị ka ihe atụ, na electroplating, metal - cyanide complexes na-eji dị ka electrolytes iji hụ na a na-eji ire ụtọ na otu ntinye ntinye nke metal na mkpụrụ.

Ihe mmepụta nke Cyanide Organic

1.Malonic acid mmepụta: A na-eji sodium cyanide mee ihe na njikọ nke malonic acid. Otu usoro a na-ahụkarị bụ iji chloroacetic acid meghachi omume sodium cyanide iji mepụta cyanoacetic acid nke mbụ. Mmeghachi omume bụ:

ClCH₂COOH + NaCN → NCCH₂COOH + NaCl

Enwere ike imeziwanye cyanoacetic acid iji mepụta esters malic acid, dị ka diethyl malonate. Ihe mmepụta nke Malonic acid bụ ihe dị mkpa na-ewu ụlọ n'ime njikọ organic, karịsịa na njikọ nke ọgwụ, ihe esiji ákwà, na ụtọ. A na-ejikarị ha eme ihe na Knoevenagel condensation na mmeghachi omume ndị ọzọ iji wuo ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị dị mgbagwoju anya.

Ngwakọta 2.Nitrile: Enwere ike iji sodium cyanide mee ka haloalkanes ma ọ bụ aryl halides ghọọ nitriles site na mmeghachi omume nucleophilic. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe bromoethane na-emeghachi omume na sodium cyanide, a na-emepụta propionitrile:

CH₃CH₂Br + NaCN → CH₃CH₂CN + NaBr

Nitriles bụ ogige dị iche iche. Enwere ike ịme ha hydrolyzed ka ọ bụrụ carboxylic acid, belata na amines, ma ọ bụ jiri ya mee ihe na njikọ nke ogige heterocyclic. Na ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ, ọtụtụ ọgwụ nwere nitrile na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche, na iji sodium cyanide na njikọ nke nitriles na-enye ụzọ dị mkpa maka nkwadebe nke ọgwụ ndị a.

3. Cyanohydrins: Aldehydes na ketones nwere ike imeghachi omume na sodium cyanide n'ihu ihe na-eme ka acid na-emepụta cyanohydrins. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmeghachi omume nke acetone na sodium cyanide:

(CH₃)₂CO + NaCN + H⁺ → (CH₃)₂C (OH) CN + Na⁺

Cyanohydrins bụ ihe etiti bara uru na njikọ organic. Enwere ike gbanwee ha gaa n'òtù dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ, dị ka acid carboxylic, amines, na alcohols, site na mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ kwesịrị ekwesị. Na njikọ nke ụfọdụ ngwaahịa eke na ọgwụ, cyanohydrins na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịrụ carbon - ọkpụkpụ na iwebata otu ọrụ.

4.Triazine mmepụta: Na mmepụta nke ogige dị ka melamine, sodium cyanide nwere ike itinye aka na netwọk mmeghachi omume. Ọ bụ ezie na mmeghachi omume ozugbo nwere ike ịdị mgbagwoju anya ma na-agụnye ọtụtụ usoro, otu cyanide sitere na sodium cyanide na-enye aka na nhazi nke mgbanaka triazine. A na-eji Melamine eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'imepụta plastik, adhesives, na mkpuchi. Ihe atụ ọzọ bụ njikọ nke cyanuric chloride (trichlorotriazine), nke bụ etiti dị mkpa na mmepụta nke ahịhịa ahịhịa, ọgwụ pesticides, na ihe eji esiji eme ihe. Ngwakọta nke cyanuric chloride sitere na sodium cyanide na-agụnyekarị mmeghachi omume dị iche iche gụnyere chlorination nke cyanide - ihe mmalite metụtara ya.

5.Amino Acids na ihe ndi ozo: N'ụfọdụ ụzọ sịntetịt maka amino acid, enwere ike iji sodium cyanide mee ihe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na njikọ Strecker nke amino acid, aldehyde ma ọ bụ ketone na-emeghachi omume na amonia na sodium cyanide iji mepụta etiti aminonitrile, nke na-emezi hydrolyzed na amino acid kwekọrọ. Malite na aldehyde RCHO, mmeghachi omume ndị a bụ:

RCHO + NH₃ + NaCN → RCH(NH₂) CN + NaOH

RCH(NH₂)CN + 2H₂O + H⁺ → RCH(NH₃⁺)COOH + Cl⁻

Amino acid bụ ihe na-ewu ụlọ nke protein ma nwee nnukwu ngwa na ụlọ ọrụ nri, ọgwụ na ịchọ mma.

Ekwesiri imesi ya ike na n'ihi oke nsi nke sodium cyanide, a ghaghị ịgbaso usoro nchebe siri ike na usoro nhazi n'oge a na-eji ya eme ihe na nkwadebe nke ihe ndị a na-emepụta kemịkalụ iji hụ na nchekwa nke ndị ọrụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.