Kodi malamulo ndi malangizo osungira sodium cyanide ndi ati?

Sodium cyanide ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuopsa kwake kwakukulu, malamulo ndi malangizo okhwima ayenera kutsatiridwa posungira kuti apewe ngozi, ateteze thanzi la anthu, komanso ateteze chilengedwe.

1. Zofunikira pa Malo

1.1 Malo Osungira

• Kupatula : Sodium cyanide iyenera kusungidwa pamalo osungira apadera, olekanitsidwa ndi mankhwala ena, makamaka omwe angagwirizane nayo. Kupatula kumeneku kumathandiza kupewa zotsatira za mankhwala zomwe zingayambitse kutulutsa mpweya woopsa wa hydrogen cyanide. Mwachitsanzo, siyenera kusungidwa pafupi ndi ma acid chifukwa momwe Sodium cyanide imagwirira ntchito ndi ma acid zimatha kupanga mpweya woopsa kwambiri wa hydrogen cyanide.

• Kutali ndi Malo Okhala Anthu : Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukhala kutali ndi malo okhala anthu, masukulu, zipatala, ndi malo ena opezeka anthu ambiri. Izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha kuvulala kwa anthu ambiri ngati atatulutsidwa mwangozi. Malo a mafakitale okhala ndi zotetezera zoyenera ndi malo abwino osungiramo Sodium Cyanide.

1.2 Ntchito Zomangamanga

• Kapangidwe Kolimba : Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu iyenera kumangidwa ndi zipangizo zolimba komanso zolimba. Iyenera kukhala yokhoza kupirira mphamvu zakunja monga masoka achilengedwe (monga zivomezi, mphepo yamphamvu) kuti ipewe kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe kake komwe kungayambitse kutuluka kwa sodium cyanide . Nyumba zomangika za konkriti nthawi zambiri zimakondedwa chifukwa cha mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kwawo.

• Pansi ndi Makoma Osalowa : Pansi ndi makoma a malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zosalowa. Izi zimateteza kutuluka kwa sodium cyanide solution ngati itatayikira ndipo zimatetezanso nyumbayo ku zotsatirapo za mankhwala. Pansi ndi makoma okhala ndi epoxy amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo osungiramo zinthu otere.

2. Malamulo a Chidebe Chosungira

2.1 Zofunikira za Container

• Kugwirizana : Zidebe zosungiramo sodium cyanide ziyenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mankhwala. Zidebe zachitsulo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa zimakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwa sodium cyanide. Komabe, ziyenera kupakidwa bwino kapena kupakidwa m'mbali kuti zisachite dzimbiri, zomwe zingawononge umphumphu wa chidebecho pakapita nthawi.

• Kusunga Chisindikizo : Ziwiya ziyenera kukhala ndi zivindikiro zolimba kapena zotseka kuti chinyezi ndi mpweya zisalowe, chifukwa sodium cyanide ndi yosalala ndipo imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi nthunzi yamadzi mumlengalenga kuti ipange hydrogen cyanide. Ziwiya zotsekedwa kawiri kapena zomwe zili ndi makina apadera a gasket zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti chisindikizocho chili bwino kwambiri.

2.2 Kulemba zilembo za Container

• Kuzindikira Komveka Bwino : Mabotolo onse osungira sodium cyanide ayenera kulembedwa bwino dzina la mankhwala, "Sodium Cyanide," m'zilembo zazikulu, zowerengeka. Chizindikirocho chiyeneranso kukhala ndi nambala ya CAS (143 - 33 - 9 ya sodium cyanide) kuti chidziwike mosavuta komanso kuti chidziwike bwino pakagwa ngozi.

• Machenjezo Okhudza Ngozi : Machenjezo odziwika bwino okhudza ngozi ayenera kuwonetsedwa pa zilembo za chidebecho. Machenjezo awa ayenera kuphatikizapo chidziwitso chokhudza poizoni woopsa kwambiri wa mankhwalawo, kuthekera kwa kutulutsa mpweya ukakhudzana ndi madzi, ndi njira zodzitetezera zofunika pakugwiritsa ntchito. Zithunzi zosonyeza poizoni ndi zoopsa ziyeneranso kuphatikizidwa mogwirizana ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi monga yomwe imafotokozedwa ndi Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS).

3. Kulamulira kwa Zachilengedwe

3.1 Kutentha ndi Chinyezi

• Malo Ozizira Ndi Ouma : Sodium cyanide iyenera kusungidwa pamalo otentha komanso chinyezi cholamulidwa. Kutentha koyenera nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 15 - 25°C, ndipo chinyezi chiyenera kusungidwa pansi pa 60%. Kutentha kwambiri kumatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala aliwonse omwe angachitike, pomwe chinyezi chochuluka chingayambitse sodium cyanide kuyamwa chinyezi ndikuyamba kutulutsa mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide. Makina oziziritsira mpweya ndi ochotsa chinyezi akhoza kuyikidwa m'malo osungira kuti zinthu zisamavutike.

• Mpweya wokwanira : Mpweya wokwanira ndi wofunikira kwambiri pamalo osungiramo zinthu. Mpweya wokwanira umathandiza kuchotsa mpweya uliwonse wa hydrogen cyanide womwe ungatuluke ndikuletsa kuti ukhale woopsa. Njira yopumira iyenera kupangidwa kuti itulutse mpweya kupita kumalo otetezeka kutali ndi malo okhala anthu ambiri komanso malo ena ofunikira.

3.2 Kutetezedwa ku Kuwala

• Kusungirako Kosapsa ndi Kuwala : Ngakhale kuti sodium cyanide siikhala ndi kuwala kwambiri, ndibwinobe kuisunga pamalo otetezedwa ku kuwala kwa dzuwa. Kuyang'ana dzuwa kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala pakapita nthawi, zomwe zingakhudze kukhazikika kwake ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha zinthu zosafunikira. Kugwiritsa ntchito zidebe zosungiramo zosawoneka bwino kapena kusunga mankhwalawo m'chipinda chamdima kungathandize kuchepetsa mphamvu ya kuwala.

4. Njira Zachitetezo ndi Chitetezo

4.1 Security Systems

• Kuwongolera Kulowa : Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukhala ndi njira zowongolera zolowera. Anthu ovomerezeka okha omwe aphunzitsidwa bwino momwe angasamalire ndikusungira sodium cyanide ndi omwe ayenera kuloledwa kulowa m'deralo. Makina a kiyi, zowongolera zolowera za biometric, kapena alonda achitetezo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti akwaniritse izi.

• Makamera Oyang'anira : Kuyika makamera owunikira mozungulira malo osungiramo zinthu kumathandiza kuyang'anira zochitika zilizonse zosaloledwa. Makamerawa ayenera kuphimba malo onse olowera ndi otulukira komanso malo omwe sodium cyanide imasungidwa. Zithunzi zojambulidwa ziyenera kusungidwa kwa nthawi yokwanira (monga masiku osachepera 30) kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo ngati pachitika ngozi iliyonse.

4.2 Zida Zoyankhira Mwadzidzidzi

• Zipangizo Zodzitetezera (PPE) : PPE yokwanira iyenera kupezeka pafupi ndi malo osungira. Izi zikuphatikizapo masuti osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, magolovesi, nsapato, ndi zida zopumira zokha (SCBA). PPE iyenera kukhala yapamwamba kwambiri komanso yogwirizana ndi miyezo yoyenera yachitetezo. Kuwunika ndi kusamalira PPE nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino.

• Zida Zoyankhira Kutaya : Zida zoyankhira kutayikira ziyenera kukhala pamalo osungira. Zida zimenezi ziyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zoyamwitsa, zinthu zoletsa kutayikira (monga sodium hypochlorite solution yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthetsa kutayikira pang'ono kwa sodium cyanide), ndi zida zoyeretsera kutayikira. Zidazo ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse ndikuwonjezeredwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino.

5. Kutsata Kovomerezeka

5.1 Malamulo a m'deralo, dziko lonse ndi mayiko

• Kutsatira Malamulo : Kusunga sodium cyanide kuyenera kutsatira malamulo onse am'deralo, adziko lonse, komanso apadziko lonse lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ili ndi malamulo enieni okhudza kusunga ndi kusamalira mankhwala oopsa kwambiri monga sodium cyanide. Malamulowa akuphatikizapo mfundo monga kuphunzitsa antchito zachitetezo, kulemba zilembo zoyenera pazidebe, ndi kukhazikitsa zida zotetezera.

• Zofunikira pa Malipoti : Malo osungira sodium cyanide angafunike kuti afotokoze kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo, momwe zimasungidwira, ndi zochitika zilizonse zokhudzana ndi mankhwalawo kwa akuluakulu oyang'anira. Malipotiwa amathandiza akuluakulu oyang'anira kuyang'anira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti sodium cyanide ikusungidwa bwino m'dera lonselo.

5.2 Kuwunika ndi Kuwunika pafupipafupi

• Kuwunika Kwamkati : Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kuchita kafukufuku wamkati nthawi zonse kuti atsimikizire kuti njira zonse zosungiramo zinthu zikugwirizana ndi malamulo ndi malangizo omwe adakhazikitsidwa. Kuwunika kumeneku kungachitike ndi gulu lachitetezo la malo osungiramo zinthu ndipo kuyenera kukhudza zinthu monga kusunga bwino ziwiya, momwe zinthu zilili, komanso kupezeka kwa zida zoyankhira mwadzidzidzi.

• Kuyendera Kwakunja : Akuluakulu oyang'anira akhoza kuchita kafukufuku wakunja nthawi ndi nthawi m'malo osungiramo zinthu. Kuyendera kumeneku ndi kutsimikizira kuti malamulo akutsatira malamulo ndikupeza zoopsa zilizonse zokhudzana ndi chitetezo. Kusatsatira malamulo kungayambitse chindapusa chachikulu ndi zotsatira zina zalamulo pa malo osungiramo zinthu.