Kodi cyanide amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji m'mafakitale?

Cyanide, mankhwala omwe ali ndi gulu la cyano ndi Carbon atomu yachitatu - yolumikizidwa ku atomu ya nayitrogeni, imadziwika bwino chifukwa cha poizoni wake wambiri. Komabe, imagwiranso ntchito zingapo zofunika m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zapadera za mankhwala.

1. Makampani Ogulitsa Migodi

Chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri zogwiritsa ntchito Cyanide ali mu Makampani opanga migodi, makamaka pofukula zitsulo zamtengo wapatali monga golidi ndi siliva. Njirayi imatchedwa cyanidation kapena the cyanide ndondomeko.

Gold

ndi ilver ExtractionS

• Ore Processing: Mankhwala a cyanide amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula golidi ndi siliva kuchokera ku migodi yamigodi. Golide, m'mawonekedwe ake, ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zotulutsa okosijeni. Koma pamaso pa ayoni cyanide (\(CN^-\)), golidi amapanga ion complex sungunuka. Kuyanjana kwamankhwala kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti golidi asungunuke mu njira ya cyanide, kulekanitsa ndi zigawo zina za ore.

• Mofananamo ndi siliva, imakhudzidwa ndi cyanide mofananamo kuti ipange chosungunuka chosungunuka, chomwe chimalola kuti chichotsedwe ku matrix ore.

• Zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zikasungunuka mu cyanide solution, zimatha kubwezeredwa kudzera mu njira zama electrochemical monga electrowinning. Mu electrowinning, mphamvu yamagetsi imadutsa mu yankho, kuchititsa kuti ayoni azitsulo ayikidwe pa cathode. Njira ina ndi mvula, mwachitsanzo, powonjezera chitsulo chokhazikika ngati zinki. Zinc imachotsa golide kapena siliva kuchokera ku ion yovuta mu yankho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zibwezeretsedwe.

2. Chemical Manufacturing

Mankhwala a cyanide ndi ofunikira kwambiri popanga mankhwala osiyanasiyana.

mapulasitiki

• Zochokera ku cyanide zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphira wopangira ndi mapulasitiki. Mwachitsanzo, acrylonitrile, yomwe ili ndi gulu la cyano, ndi monomer yofunika kwambiri popanga polyacrylonitrile (PAN). PAN imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ulusi wa acrylic, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovala, makapeti, ndi upholstery. Kupyolera mu njira ya polymerization, mamolekyu a acrylonitrile amalumikizana kuti apange unyolo wautali wa polyacrylonitrile.

Utoto

• Utoto wina wa nsalu umapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangidwa ndi cyanide. Cyanide - yokhala ndi mankhwala atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa magulu ogwira ntchito kukhala mamolekyu a utoto, omwe amatha kukhudza mtundu wawo, kusungunuka kwawo, komanso kufulumira kwake. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ina yogwira ntchito yomwe imatha kupanga zomangira zolumikizana ndi ulusi wansalu pakupaka utoto ukhoza kukhala ndi magulu opangidwa ndi cyanide, zomwe zimathandizira kuti utoto umamatire ndikukongoletsa bwino nsaluyo.

asatayike

• Cyanide imagwira ntchito yopanga mankhwala ndi zosakaniza zogwira ntchito zachipatala (APIs). Ngakhale kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa cyanide m'zamankhwala kumayendetsedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kake, kumatha kuphatikizidwa muzochita zamankhwala panthawi ya kaphatikizidwe ka mamolekyu ovuta. Mwachitsanzo, m'njira zingapo zopangira mankhwala, cyanide angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyambitsa gulu la cyano mu molekyulu. Gulu la cyanoli litha kusinthidwanso kudzera munjira ngati hydrolysis kupanga ma carboxylic acid, kapena kuchepetsa kupanga ma amines, omwe ndi magulu ofunikira ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ambiri.

3. Electroplating ndi Metal Treatment

Mayankho a cyanide amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma electroplating.

Kupanga Zodzikongoletsera

• Popanga zodzikongoletsera zamtengo wapatali, ma cyanide - based electroplating solution amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika zitsulo monga golide, siliva, ndi mkuwa pamwamba. Cyanide imagwira ntchito ngati chothandizira, chomwe chimathandizira kukwaniritsa zokutira zachitsulo zosalala, zofananira, komanso zomata. Mwachitsanzo, mu electroplating ya golide, golide - cyanide complex mu njira yothetsera vutoli imalola kulamulira bwino kwa chiwerengero cha kuika ndi khalidwe la golide pa gawo lapansi lodzikongoletsera. Panthawi ya electroplating, golide - cyanide complex imalekanitsa pa cathode, ndipo ma ion agolide amachepetsedwa kuti apange golide wochepa kwambiri, ngakhale pamwamba pa zodzikongoletsera.

zamagetsi

• M'makampani amagetsi, cyanide-based electroplating imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvala zigawo. Izi bwino madutsidwe ndi dzimbiri kukana kwa zida zamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, electroplating yamkuwa - cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika mkuwa wocheperako pama board osindikizidwa (PCBs). Wosanjikiza mkuwa amapereka madutsidwe wabwino magetsi, ndi ntchito cyanide mu kusamba electroplating kumathandiza kupeza yunifolomu ndi chilema - free mkuwa ❖ kuyanika, amene n'kofunika kuti ntchito yoyenera ya PCB.

4. Ntchito Zina Zamakampani

Kuzimitsa Zitsulo

• Mankhwala a cyanide angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza zitsulo, makamaka mu njira yotchedwa cyaniding. Mu cyaniding, mbali zachitsulo zimatenthedwa mu bafa lomwe lili ndi mchere wa cyanide. Njira imeneyi imalowetsa mpweya ndi nayitrogeni pamwamba pa chitsulo, ndikuumitsa. Pamene cyanide amawola pa kutentha kwambiri, maatomu a carbon ndi nitrogen amafalikira pamwamba pazitsulo, kupanga zinthu zolimba monga iron nitrides ndi carbides. Mankhwalawa amapangitsa kuti chitsulocho chisatope komanso kuti chisatope, chimapangitsa kuti chitsulocho chikhale cholimba kwambiri pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Organic Synthesis

• Cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa gulu la cyano (\(-CN\)) mu mamolekyu achilengedwe, kupanga organic. cyanides (nitriles). Ma nitrileswa amatha kusinthidwa kukhala magulu ena ogwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, hydrolysis ya nitrile pamaso pa asidi kapena maziko akhoza kutulutsa asidi carboxylic. Kuchepetsa nitrile kungayambitse kupanga amine. Izi zimapangitsa cyanide kukhala chomangira chofunikira pakuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu zachilengedwe, kuphatikiza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta onunkhira, zonunkhira, ndi mankhwala ena apadera.

Kupanga Mankhwala Ena

• Cyanide amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala monga cyanuric chloride. Cyanuric chloride ndi gawo lapakati pakupanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi utoto. Amapangidwa ndi trimerization ya cyanogen chloride, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapangidwa kuchokera ku magwero a cyanide. Kupyolera mu kusintha kwa mankhwalawa, cyanide imathandizira kuti pakhale mankhwala omwe ali ofunikira kwa mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku ulimi kupita ku utoto wa nsalu.

Pomaliza, ngakhale kuti cyanide imakhala yowopsa kwambiri, kusinthika kwapadera kwamankhwala kwa cyanide kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunika kwambiri pamafakitale angapo. Komabe, chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kake kwambiri, njira zotetezera chitetezo ndi malamulo achilengedwe akhazikitsidwa kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zimagwiridwa bwino, kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikutayidwa bwino m'mafakitale.