Kuthana ndi Kugwiritsidwa Ntchito Kwambiri kwa Sodium Cyanide M'migodi ya Golide Leaching

M'makampani a migodi ya golide, njira ya cyanidation imakhalabe mwala wapangodya wochotsa golide ku ores. Komabe, nkhani ya mopambanitsa Sodium cyanide kudya nthawi Mgodi wa golidi ukutuluka sikungowonjezera ndalama zogwirira ntchito komanso kumabweretsa zoopsa zachilengedwe ndi chitetezo. Cholemba ichi chabulogu chimafufuza zomwe zimayambitsa, njira zodziwira bwino, ndi njira zothetsera vutoli.

Kumvetsetsa Zomwe Zimayambitsa

1. Makhalidwe a Ore

• Complex Mineralogy: Ores omwe ali ndi mapangidwe odabwitsa a mchere amatha kuyambitsa kwambiri cyanide kumwa. Mwachitsanzo, mchere wa sulfide umakhudzidwa ndi cyanide, kupanga mankhwala a thiocyanate. Arsenopyrite ndi pyrrhotite mu ore amatha kudya cyanide kudzera mu oxidation ndi zovuta zomwe zimachitika, ndikuzichotsa pakupanga golide.

• Zambiri za Carbon: Mafuta a Carbonaceous amakhala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimakongoletsa zinthu zagolide-cyanide, chodabwitsa chomwe chimadziwika kuti "kuba usana." Izi zimakakamiza kuwonjezera kwa cyanide kuti apereke ndalama zomwe zatayika, zomwe zimapangitsa Kudya mopitirira muyeso.

2. Zinthu Zogwirira Ntchito

• Kugwedezeka Kosakwanira: Kusakanikirana kosakwanira pa nthawi ya leaching kumabweretsa kusagwirizana pakati pa ore ndi cyanide solution. Izi zimalepheretsa kusungunuka kwa golide ndipo zimapangitsa ogwira ntchito kuti awonjezere cyanide poyembekezera kukweza mitengo yochotsa.

• Suboptimal pH Miyezo: Cyanidation imadalira kwambiri pH, yokhala ndi mitundu yabwino pakati pa 10.5 ndi 11.5. PH pansi pamtunduwu imapangitsa kuti cyanide isinthe kukhala mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide, kuchepetsa kupezeka kwake pakusungunuka kwa golide. Kumbali inayi, pH yokwera kwambiri imatha kusokoneza yankho la cyanide, zomwe zimathandizira kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe.

3. Ubwino wa Madzi

• Madzi Ovuta: Madzi okhala ndi calcium yambiri, magnesium, ndi ayoni ena achitsulo amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi cyanide, kupanga zitsulo zosasungunuka za cyanide. Zochita izi zimachepetsa cyanide mu njira yotsitsa, zomwe zimafunikira kuwonjezera kwa cyanide.

• Zinthu za Oxygen Zosungunuka: Ngakhale kuti okosijeni ndi wofunikira pakutulutsa golide panthawi ya cyanidation, milingo yochulukirapo imatha kuthamangitsa okosijeni wa cyanide wokha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwake mwachangu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.

Njira Zodziwika

1. Nthawi Zonse Zitsanzo ndi Kusanthula

Sonkhanitsani zitsanzo za njira yothetsera leaching pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za ndondomekoyi, kuphatikizapo chakudya, chapakati, ndi zotayira. Unikani zitsanzo izi za ndende ya cyanide pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga titration, ion chromatography, kapena colorimetric assays. Kuyerekeza milingo ya cyanide yoyezedwa ndi mfundo zongoyerekeza zitha kuthandizira kuzindikira momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito molakwika.

2. Monitoring Process Parameters

Pitirizani kuyang'anira magawo ogwiritsira ntchito ngati pH, kutentha, kuthamanga kwa chisokonezo, ndi mpweya. Kupatuka kuchokera pamagawo abwino kwambiri kumatha kuwonetsa zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cyanide idye kwambiri. Khazikitsani makina owunikira omwe amatha kuyambitsa ma alarm pamene magawo akuchoka pamalire omwe akhazikitsidwa.

3. Makhalidwe Ore

Chitani kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwa mineralological ndi chemical zamagulu a ore omwe akubwera. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ndi atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) atha kupereka zidziwitso za kapangidwe ka ore, kuthandizira kulosera momwe cyanide imagwiritsidwira ntchito ndikusintha momwe leaching imagwirira ntchito.

Mayankho Othandiza

1. Kusamalira Ore

• Kukonzekera kwa Oxidative: Kwa ore omwe ali ndi mchere wa sulfide, njira zopangira ma oxidative pretreatment monga kuwotcha, kuponderezana oxidation, kapena bio-oxidation zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Njirazi zimaphwanya mchere wa sulfide, kuchepetsa kuyambiranso kwawo ndi cyanide ndikuwongolera kutulutsa golide ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide.

• Kuchotsa Carbon: Pankhani ya carbonaceous ores, pre-leaching with activated carbon or other carbon-remothing agents angathandize kuthetsa kulanda kusanachitike. Izi zimathandiza kuti cyanide ayang'ane kwambiri pakusungunula golide m'malo mogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zinthu za carbonaceous.

2. Njira Kukhathamiritsa

• Kusintha kwa Agitation ndi Aeration: Onetsetsani kugwedezeka koyenera ndi mpweya wabwino kuti mulimbikitse kusanganikirana kofanana komanso kusamutsa mpweya wabwino. Chitani mayeso oyendetsa ndege kuti muwone kuthamanga koyenera kwa chipwirikiti ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ore ndi mikhalidwe yotsitsa.

• Kuwongolera pH: Ikani makina owongolera a pH omwe amatha kusintha bwino pH ya yankho la leaching. Gwiritsani ntchito laimu kapena sodium hydroxide kuti pH ikhale yoyenera, kupewa kuwonongeka kwa cyanide ndikuwonetsetsa kuti golide wasungunuka.

3. Chithandizo cha Madzi

• Kufewetsa: Tchulani madzi a ndondomekoyi kuti muchotse ma ion omwe amayambitsa kuuma. Ma ion kusinthana utomoni kapena laimu kufewetsa angagwiritsidwe ntchito precipitate calcium ndi magnesium ayoni, kuchepetsa kusokonezedwa ndi cyanide yankho.

• Kuwongolera Oxygen: Konzani kaphatikizidwe ka okosijeni panjira yotulutsa mpweya. Gwiritsani ntchito masensa a okosijeni kuti muyang'anire ndikuwongolera momwe mpweya wasungunuka, kuwonetsetsa kuti ndi wokwanira kutulutsa golide koma osati mopitilira muyeso kupangitsa kuwonongeka kwa cyanide.

4. Reagent Management

• Zosintha za Cyanide: Onani kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zopangira leaching monga thiosulfate, thiourea, kapena chloride-based solutions. Zoloŵa m'malozi zitha kuwononga chilengedwe komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa poyerekeza ndi Sodium Cyanide, makamaka mitundu ina ya ore.

• Reagent Recycling: Gwiritsani ntchito machitidwe obwezeretsa cyanide ndi kubwezeretsanso. Matekinoloje monga kusinthana kwa ion, electrowinning, ndi kusefera kwa membrane atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchira ndikugwiritsanso ntchito cyanide kuchokera ku ma leaching tailings, kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito konse komanso kuwononga zinyalala.

Njira Zowononga

1. Maphunziro Ogwira Ntchito

Perekani maphunziro athunthu kwa ogwira ntchito ku migodi ndi kukonza njira za cyanidation, kugwiritsa ntchito zida, ndi kukonza. Ogwira ntchito ophunzitsidwa bwino amatha kuzindikira ndikuthana ndi zovuta mwachangu, kuwonetsetsa kuti njira yophunzitsira ikuyenda bwino komanso moyenera.

2. Data Analytics ndi Modelling

Gwiritsani ntchito zida zowunikira deta ndikuwongolera njira zowonetsera kuti muwunike mbiri yakale komanso nthawi yeniyeni. Pozindikira zomwe zikuchitika komanso kulumikizana, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kulosera zamavuto omwe atha kukhudzana ndi kumwa kwa cyanide ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti apewe.

3. Kufufuza ndi Kuyendera pafupipafupi

Chitani kafukufuku wanthawi zonse wamkati ndi wakunja wa njira ya cyanidation. Zowunikirazi zitha kuthandizira kuzindikira madera omwe angasinthidwe, kuwonetsetsa kuti akutsatira malamulo a chilengedwe ndi chitetezo, komanso kusunga bwino ntchito yonse yotulutsa golide.

Pomaliza, kulankhula mopambanitsa sodium cyanide Kugwiritsa ntchito pochotsa migodi ya golide kumafuna njira yamitundumitundu yomwe imaphatikizapo kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodziwira bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera, komanso kuchita zodzitetezera. Pochita izi, makampani amigodi sangachepetse ndalama zokha komanso kupititsa patsogolo chilengedwe cha ntchito zawo zochotsa golide.