Kodi sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale angapo. Ngakhale kuti ndi owopsa, mankhwala ake apadera amaupanga kukhala reagent yamtengo wapatali muzinthu zambiri zamakampani. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za madera osiyanasiyana Sodium cyanide amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Makampani Amigodi

Chimodzi mwazodziwika bwino ntchito za Sodium Cyanide ali mu Makampani opanga migodi, makamaka pochotsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Golide ndi siliva, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mu ores otsika, zimatha kulekanitsidwa bwino ndi thanthwe lozungulira pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa cyanidation. Pamaso pa oxygen ndi madzi, sodium cyanide imakhudzidwa ndi golide kapena siliva kupanga zitsulo zosungunuka - cyanide complexes. Mwachitsanzo, zomwe zimachitika ndi golide zitha kuyimiridwa motere:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Izi zimathandiza kuti zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zibwezeretsedwe bwino kuchokera ku miyala yambiri. Cyanidation imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochotsa zitsulo zina monga mkuwa, zinki, ndi platinamu - zitsulo zamagulu nthawi zina. Komabe, chifukwa cha kawopsedwe ka cyanide, njira zolimbikitsira zachilengedwe ndi chitetezo zili m'malo kuti zisatulutse cyanide - zomwe zili ndi utsi m'chilengedwe.

Electroplating ndi Surface Treatment

Sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri Pachikuz njira. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lalikulu pakusamba kwa electroplating poyika zitsulo monga mkuwa, siliva, cadmium, ndi zinki pamagulu osiyanasiyana. Mu njira ya electroplating, ayoni a cyanide amachita m'njira zingapo. Amathandiza kuchepetsa anode polarization, kuonetsetsa kusungunuka kwachitsulo cha anode. Izi zimabweretsa kukhazikika komanso kosasinthasintha kwa ayoni achitsulo mu yankho. Komanso, ayoni cyanide kuonjezera cathode polarization, amene amalimbikitsa mafunsidwe yunifolomu wa zitsulo pamwamba cathode pamwamba, zikubweretsa mkulu - khalidwe, wogawana - TACHIMATA mapeto. Mwachitsanzo, mu electroplating ya siliva, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide posambira kumathandizira kukwaniritsa zokutira zasiliva zowala komanso zomata pazinthu monga zodzikongoletsera ndi zolumikizira zamagetsi.

Chemical Synthesis

1.Inorganic Chemical Production

Sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe cyanides. Mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga potassium cyanide (KCN), yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m’mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Pochita sodium cyanide ndi mchere wa potaziyamu kudzera muzochita za metathesis, potaziyamu cyanide imatha kupezeka. Zina zofunika zopanga zinthu Cyanides monga zinc cyanide (Zn(CN) ₂), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa electroplating komanso ngati chothandizira pazinthu zina zamakina, ndi copper(I) cyanide (CuCN), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga organic synthesis ndi electroplating, imapangidwanso kuchokera ku sodium cyanide.

2.Organic Synthesis

Mu organic chemistry, sodium cyanide ndi nucleophile yamphamvu. Ikhoza kutenga nawo mbali pazochita monga nucleophilic substitution reactions ndi alkyl halides. Izi, zomwe zimadziwika kuti Kolbe nitrile synthesis, ndi njira yofunikira pakutalikitsa unyolo wa kaboni. Mwachitsanzo, pamene alkyl halide (R - X) imachita ndi sodium cyanide, alkyl nitrile (R - CN) imapangidwa:

R - X+ NaCN → R - CN+ NaX

Ma nitriles omwe amabwera amatha kusinthidwa kukhala zinthu zina zothandiza. Atha kupangidwa ndi hydrolyzed kuti apange ma carboxylic acid kapena kuchepetsedwa kukhala ma amines, omwe ndi zomangira zofunika pakuphatikizika kwa mankhwala, ma polima, ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe.

Makampani Ogulitsa Mankhwala

Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitundu ingapo yamankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, imakhudzidwa ndi kupanga zinthu monga cyanacetic acid ndi zotumphukira zake. Cyanacetic acid angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mankhwala monga barbiturates, amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sedative ndi hypnotics. Chitsanzo china ndi kaphatikizidwe ka ma amino acid ena, omwe ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu za mapuloteni. Ma amino acid ena amapangidwa kudzera munjira zopangira zomwe zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide ngati chinthu choyambira kapena reagent pamasitepe ofunikira. Ma amino acid amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya zowonjezera komanso kupanga mankhwala ena.

Makampani a Udayi ndi Zovala

1.Kupanga utoto

Pamakampani opanga utoto, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitundu ina ya utoto ndi mitundu yapakati ya utoto. Mwachitsanzo, imakhudzidwa ndi kaphatikizidwe ka cyanuric chloride, yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri pakatikati pakupanga utoto wotakataka. Utoto wokhazikika umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani opanga nsalu chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo abwino kwambiri osasunthika. Cyanuric chloride imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zakuthupi kuti apange mitundu ingapo ya utoto yomwe imatha kumangirira mwamphamvu ku ulusi wa nsalu, kupereka utoto wokhalitsa.

2.Textile Processing

M'makampani opanga nsalu, sodium cyanide imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mordant munjira zina zopaka utoto. Mordant imathandizira kukonza kumangirira kwa utoto kunsalu, kumapangitsa kuti utoto ukhale wolimba komanso kulimba kwa zinthu zotayidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zina zochizira nsalu, monga zida zamakina achitsulo - zomwe zimatha kukhudzidwa ndi njira monga kukhetsa madzi ndi nitriding kuti zithandizire kulimba ndi kuvala - kukana kwazinthu zachitsulo.

Kuwononga Tizilombo ndi Fumigation

Chifukwa cha poizoni wambiri, sodium cyanide yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa tizilombo, makamaka m'mbuyomu pofukiza. M'malo otsekedwa monga mosungiramo katundu kapena malo osungiramo zinthu, zofukiza za cyanide zomwe zimakhala ndi sodium cyanide zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupha tizirombo monga tizilombo, makoswe, ndi mafangasi ena. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide polimbana ndi tizilombo kwatsika kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kake komanso kupanga njira zina, zochepetsera zowononga tizilombo. Malamulo okhwima oteteza chitetezo tsopano akuwongolera kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake m'derali pofuna kupewa ngozi mwangozi kwa anthu komanso zamoyo zomwe sizimakhudzidwa.

Pomaliza, sodium cyanide, ngakhale ndi poizoni, ndi mankhwala ofunikira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana m'mafakitale monga migodi, electroplating, kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala, mankhwala, utoto ndi nsalu, komanso kuwongolera tizilombo. Komabe, kagwiridwe kake ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake kumafuna kutsata mosamalitsa malamulo achitetezo ndi chilengedwe kuti achepetse chiopsezo ku thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe.