Minda yogwiritsira ntchito komanso kufunikira kwa sodium cyanide

Introduction

Sodium cyanide (NaCN), ufa woyera wa crystalline, ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri koma ofunika kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti ndi yakupha, imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mankhwala ake apadera. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza m'magawo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito sodium cyanide ndikuwonetsa kufunikira kwake.

Mgodi wa Cyanide: Kutulutsa Zitsulo Zamtengo Wapatali

Njira ya Gold Cyanidation

Gold cyanidation, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti cyanide process, ndiyo njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa golide ku miyala yamtengo wapatali. Kupitilira 70% ya kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa cyanide padziko lonse lapansi kumaperekedwa kuti izi zitheke. Munjira iyi, Sodium Cyanide amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula zitsulo zagolide. Chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa golide ndi cyanide, golide mu ore amasungunula ndi kusungunuka pamene akumana ndi mpweya, mpweya, ndi madzi. Njira imeneyi imalola kuti golide atulutsidwe m’miyala yomwe ikanakhala yopanda phindu, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kuti golide apezeke padziko lonse.

Siliva ndi Zitsulo Zina Zamtengo Wapatali

Sodium cyanide sikuti amangotulutsa golide. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochotsa siliva ndi zitsulo zina zamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku miyala yawo. Popanga zitsulo zokhazikika - cyanide complexes, zimathandiza kulekanitsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatalizi kuchokera ku thanthwe lokhalamo. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pantchito yamigodi chifukwa zimathandizira kukulitsa kubweza kwa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali komanso kupititsa patsogolo chuma cha migodi.

Chemical Feedstock: Zomangamanga za Chemical Compounds

Kaphatikizidwe ka Inorganic Cyanides

Sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito ngati zopangira zopangira zinthu zosiyanasiyana cyanides. Mankhwala monga cyanuric chloride, cyanogen chloride, ndi nitriles ambiri amachokera mmenemo. Mwachitsanzo, cyanuric chloride ndi gawo lapakati pakupanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mankhwala ophera udzu, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma polima. Kutha kupanga izi zopanga zinthu Cyanides kuchokera Sodium cyanide zimapanga maziko a mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala apansi pamtsinje.

Organic Synthesis

Mu organic synthesis, cyanide, monga nucleophile yamphamvu, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera nitriles. Nitriles ndi ofala mu mankhwala ambiri, kuphatikizapo mankhwala. Chitsanzo chofotokozera ndi kaphatikizidwe ka benzyl cyanide ndi zomwe benzyl chloride ndi sodium cyanide zimachita. Izi ndi gawo lofunikira pakuphatikizika kwazinthu zambiri zama organic, kuwonetsa kufunikira kwa sodium cyanide m'munda wa organic chemistry. Kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala ambiri, zokometsera, ndi zonunkhira nthawi zambiri zimadalira kugwiritsa ntchito nitriles okonzedwa kuchokera ku sodium cyanide.

Electroplating: Kukweza Pamwamba pa Zitsulo

M'makampani opanga ma electroplating, sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma electroplating azitsulo monga mkuwa, siliva, cadmium, ndi zinki, imagwira ntchito zingapo. Choyamba, amachepetsa anodic polarization, kuonetsetsa kusungunuka kosalala ndi kosalekeza kwa anode. Izi zimathandizira kuti ma ion azitsulo azikhala okhazikika muzitsulo zomangira. Kachiwiri, kumawonjezera cathodic polarization, yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti mupeze yunifolomu komanso zitsulo zokutira pa cathode. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa sodium cyanide mu electroplating kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zowonongeka, maonekedwe, komanso kulimba. Izi ndizofunikira pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana, kuyambira kukongoletsa zokongoletsera muzodzikongoletsera ndi zinthu zogulira mpaka kumagwirira ntchito m'mafakitale amagalimoto ndi ndege.

Ntchito Zina za Niche

Kuuma kwa Zitsulo

Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo. Nthawi zina kutentha - njira zochizira, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa mpweya ndi nayitrogeni pamwamba pazigawo zachitsulo. Njirayi, yomwe imadziwika kuti cyaniding, imapangitsa kulimba kwapamwamba komanso kuvala kukana kwachitsulo ndikusunga kulimba kwake pachimake. Zida monga magiya, shafts, ndi zomangira zimatha kuthandizidwa motere kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito awo komanso moyo wawo wonse pamakina ogwiritsira ntchito.

Kusuta

Muzinthu zina zaulimi ndi zosungirako, sodium cyanide yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati fumigant. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yotulutsa mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide, womwe ndi wowopsa ku tizirombo, ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa tizilombo, makoswe, ndi tizirombo tina mu mbewu zosungidwa, mosungiramo katundu, ndi m'malo obiriwira. Komabe, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake mu fumigation kumayendetsedwa bwino chifukwa cha kuopsa kwake komanso kuopsa kwa chilengedwe komanso thanzi.

Kufunika kwa sodium cyanide

Kufunika kwa sodium cyanide m'mafakitalewa sikunganenedwe mopambanitsa. M'makampani amigodi, imathandizira kuchotsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pachuma chapadziko lonse lapansi, makampani opanga zodzikongoletsera, komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo. M'makampani opanga mankhwala, imakhala ngati chomangira chamankhwala osawerengeka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzamankhwala, mapulasitiki, ulusi, ndi zina zambiri zogula ndi mafakitale. Mu electroplating, imatsimikizira kupanga zokutira zazitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zimateteza ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zazitsulo. Ngakhale muzochita zake monga kuuma kwachitsulo ndi fumigation, imapereka mayankho apadera omwe ndi ovuta kuwasintha ndi mankhwala ena.

Komabe, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti kasamalidwe, kasungidwe, ndi kutaya kwa sodium cyanide kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri chifukwa cha kawopsedwe wake wambiri. Malamulo okhwima otetezedwa ndi maphunziro oyenera ndi ofunikira kuti muchepetse zoopsa zomwe zimachitika ndi mankhwalawa. Ngakhale zili zowopsa, kufunikira kwake munjira zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale kumapangitsa kukhala mankhwala amtengo wapatali komanso kupitiliza kuphunzira.