Kugwiritsa Ntchito Njira ya Cyanidation ndi Kafukufuku wa Ores Okhala ndi Golide Wokhala ndi Copper

Introduction

M'malo ochotsa golide, the ndondomeko ya cyanidation wakhala mwala wapangodya kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha kusankha kwake komanso kuthekera kwake. Komabe, polimbana ndi miyala ya golide yokhala ndi mkuwa, zovuta za mineralogy zimapereka zovuta zapadera. Pamene mawerengedwe a mkuwa, siliva, ndi golide padziko lonse lapansi akupitilira kutsika, ndipo mineralogy yozungulira ikukula mosiyanasiyana, ndikofunikira kukulitsa njira ya cyanidation ya ores ovutawa. Cholemba chabuloguchi chikuwunika momwe kagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi kafukufuku wa cyanidation wa ores agolide okhala ndi mkuwa, ndicholinga chopereka zidziwitso za njira zochizira.

Zovuta pa Kupanga Miyala Yagolide Yokhala ndi Mkuwa

Mineralogical Complexity

Miyendo ya golidi yokhala ndi mkuwa nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mchere wambiri, kuphatikizapo mchere wa sulfide wachitsulo monga pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, ndi sphalerite. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kukhala ndi ayoni monga Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, S²⁻, ndi Fe³⁺ m'mitsuko ya ore. Panthawi ya cyanidation leaching process, zigawozi zimatha kudya zambiri cyanide ndi mpweya wosungunuka. Mwachitsanzo, kupezeka kwa Cu²⁺ kumatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi cyanide, kupanga malo okhazikika, motero kuchepetsa sianidi yaulere yomwe imapezeka kuti isungunuke golide. Izi sizimangowonjezera kumwa kwa cyanide komanso zimachepetsa mphamvu ya leaching ya golide.

Kugwiritsa ntchito Cyanide

Kuchuluka kwa mkuwa mu ores kumabweretsa kuchulukirachulukira kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide. Mkuwa wosungunuka mu zakumwa zoledzeretsa umakhudzidwa ndi cyanide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mtengo wokwera kwambiri. Nthawi zina, magiredi amkuwa pazakudya amatha kusintha pakapita nthawi, monga tawonera mumgodi wa Geda Bek wa Anglo Asian Mining ku Azerbaijan. Pambuyo poyambitsa chipwirikiti cha leach ndi resin - mu - zamkati golide ore processing chomera, kuchuluka kwa mkuwa kuposa momwe amayembekezeredwa kudapangitsa kuti cyanide ichuluke, ngakhale mbewuyo imatha kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa mkuwa muzakumwa za leach popanda kukhudza kupanga golide kwambiri.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Njira ya Cyanidation ya Ores-Copper-Bearing Gold Ores

Ammonia - Chithandizo cha Cyanide Leaching

Njira imodzi yothanirana ndi zovuta za cyanidating golide wokhala ndi mkuwa ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito ammonia - assisted cyanide leaching. Mu mgodi wa Geda Bek, ammonia adalowetsedwa m'dera la leaching kuti achepetse kumwa kwa cyanide. Njira imeneyi yapezeka kuti ndi yothandiza kuchepetsa kuchotsedwa kwa mkuwa ndi theka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchepa kwakukulu kwa cyanide mu dongosolo lonse la leaching. Kugwiritsa ntchito ammonia mumkuwa - makina a golide a cyanide leach ali ndi mbiri yakale, kuyambira 1902 pomwe Hunt adavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kuchepetsa kumwa kwa cyanide panthawi yotulutsa golide kuchokera ku miyala yamkuwa yokhala ndi mkuwa. Njira ya ammonia - cyanide idagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita malonda pochiza michira kuchokera ku Comstock Lode ku Nevada ndi ore yagolide ya cupriferous ku Dale, California.

Kukonzekera kwa Ore Pulp

Kukonzekera kwazitsulo za ore ndi sitepe ina yofunika kwambiri mu ndondomeko ya cyanidation ya miyala ya golide yokhala ndi mkuwa. Kukonzekera zamchere kumatha kuchepetsa kumwa kwa cyanide ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa golide wa cyanide. Pamene zamkati za ore sizinakonzedwe, CN⁻ yaulere yomwe ili mmenemo imakhala yochepa, kusonyeza kuti CN⁻ imadyedwa ndi Fe²⁺, Zn²⁺, S²⁻ ndi ma ions ena, ndipo zomwe zili mu Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺ ions ndizochepa kwambiri. Pambuyo pokonzekeratu, CN⁻ yaulere mu zamkati ya ore imakhala yokwera kwambiri, ndipo ma ions a Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺ ndi apamwamba kuposa omwe sanakonzekere, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kumwa kwa CN⁻ yaulere pambuyo pochiritsa kumachepetsedwa, ndipo ma ions owopsa samadyedwa ndi CN⁻. Chifukwa chake, pretreatment alkaline pamaso pa cyanide leaching kungakhale kopindulitsa.

Njira Zofufuza ndi Kukhathamiritsa

Kupanga Ma Reagents ndi Njira Zatsopano

Ofufuza akufufuza nthawi zonse ma reagents atsopano ndi njira zowonjezera njira yopangira cyanidation ya miyala ya golide yokhala ndi mkuwa. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito oxiliary oxidants ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri. Kuonjezera ma okosijeni (monga okosijeni koyera kapena ma oxides ena) panthawi ya leaching kumatha kuonjezera "ogwira ntchito okosijeni" muzamkati mwa ore, kusintha chilengedwe cha cyanidation leaching, kufulumizitsa kuthamanga kwa leaching, kufupikitsa nthawi ya leaching, ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa okosijeni wothandizira kwalimbikitsidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ngati teknoloji yabwino kwambiri yokwaniritsira ndondomeko ya cyanidation. Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga ma leaching agents atsopano, monga thiosulfate, omwe awonetsa kuthekera kotulutsa golide kuchokera ku miyala yagolide yokhala ndi mkuwa ndikuchita bwino kwambiri, ndi njira yofunikira pakufufuza.

Kuphatikiza kwa Njira ndi Kukhathamiritsa

Kuphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana kungapangitsenso zotsatira zabwino. Mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza chomera cha leach chosokoneza ndi ntchito zomwe zilipo kale za leach/ADR/SART, monga momwe zimachitikira mumgodi wa Geda Bek, kungapangitse kuti ntchito yonseyi ikhale yabwino. Dongosolo la utomoni - mu - zamkati, pomwe golide amachotsedwa pazamkati mwa leach pokhudzana ndi utomoni wosinthanitsa ndi golide - ndi gawo lofunikira pakuphatikiza uku. Mwa kukhathamiritsa kuphatikiza kwa njira ndi zida izi, magwiridwe antchito onse a njira ya cyanidation ya ores agolide okhala ndi mkuwa amatha kukulitsidwa.

Kutsiliza

Njira ya cyanidation ya golide wokhala ndi mkuwa imakhalabe njira yofunika kwambiri pantchito yamigodi ngakhale pali zovuta. Kupyolera mu njira monga ammonia - anathandiza cyanide leaching, ore zamkati pretreatment, ndi kufufuza mosalekeza ndi chitukuko cha reagents latsopano ndi kusakanikirana ndondomeko, dzuwa ndi chuma viability ndondomeko cyanidation akhoza kukhala bwino. Pamene makampani a migodi akupitiriza kukumana ndi zovuta za kuchepa kwa magiredi a miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi mineralogy yovuta, kukonzanso kosalekeza mu ndondomeko ya cyanidation ya miyala ya golide yokhala ndi mkuwa idzakhala yofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kupanga golide kosatha.