Kuzungulira Kugwiritsa Ntchito Madzi a Cyanide mu Kusungunula Golide

Mu Kusungunula golide mafakitale, cyanidation ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa golide ku ores. Komabe, njirayi imapanga ndalama zambiri cyanide - okhala ndi madzi otayira, omwe amabweretsa zoopsa zachilengedwe ndi thanzi ngati sizikuyendetsedwa bwino. The recycling wa Madzi a cyanide sikuti ndizofunika zachilengedwe zokha komanso kusuntha kwabwino kwa chitukuko chokhazikika chamakampani agolide. Cholemba chabuloguchi chiwunika kufunikira, njira, ndi zovuta zobwezeretsanso madzi a cyanide osungunula golide.

Kufunika Kobwezeretsanso Madzi a Cyanide

Cyanide ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri. Ngakhale m'malo otsika kwambiri, amatha kupha zamoyo zam'madzi ndipo amawononga kwambiri thanzi la munthu. Kutulutsa kwachindunji kwa cyanide - wokhala ndi madzi oipa ochokera ku zomera zosungunula golidi kumatha kuwononga magwero a madzi, nthaka, ndi mpweya, zomwe zimadzetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe komanso kuvulaza madera oyandikana nawo. Pobwezeretsanso madzi onyansa a cyanide, makampani agolide amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri chilengedwe. Kubwezeretsanso kumathandizira kuchepetsa kutulutsidwa kwa cyanide yapoizoni m'chilengedwe, kuteteza matupi amadzi, nyama zakuthengo, ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, ikugwirizana ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi azachilengedwe komanso kufunikira kwa anthu pakuchita zokhazikika zamafakitale.

Kuchokera pazachuma, kukonzanso madzi a cyanide kungabweretse phindu lalikulu. Miyala yagolide nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zitsulo zina zamtengo wapatali monga mkuwa, zinki, ndi chitsulo. Zitsulo izi zimasungunuka mu njira ya cyanide panthawi yochotsa ndipo zimatha kubwezeredwa panthawi yobwezeretsanso madzi oyipa. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pogwiritsa ntchito njira zobwezeretsanso, zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zimatha kuchotsedwa m'madzi otayira, kuonjezera phindu lonse la migodi ya golide. Kuphatikiza apo, kubwezeretsanso kumatha kuchepetsa kumwa madzi atsopano ndi mankhwala posungunula golide. M'malo mogwiritsa ntchito madzi ochuluka ndi mankhwala atsopano, madzi otayidwa ogwiritsidwanso ntchito amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zochepetsera nthawi yayitali.

Njira Zomwe Zilipo Zochizira ndi Zobwezeretsanso

Chemical Oxidation Njira

1. Alkaline Chlorination: Iyi ndi imodzi mwa njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mu madzi otayira a alkaline cyanide, ma chlorine oxidants okhala ndi ma oxidation okwera kwambiri amawonjezeredwa. Ma oxidants wamba ndi ClO₂, Cl₂ (gasi ndi madzi), ufa wa bleach, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, ndi chlorite. Mu mayankho a alkaline, OCl⁻ kapena chloride yokhala ndi oxidation okwera kwambiri nthawi zambiri imapangidwa. Cyanide poyamba imasungunuka kukhala cyanate kenako imasungunukanso kukhala Carbon dioxide ndi nayitrogeni. Komabe, vuto lalikulu la njira iyi ndilakuti cyanogen chloride yomwe imapangidwa panthawiyi ndi yoopsa, zomwe zimakhala zovulaza kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Cyanogen chloride imatulutsanso utsi wowononga ikakhudzana ndi madzi, zomwe zimawononga kwambiri zida.

2. Njira ya Inco: Yopangidwa ndi Inco Ltd. mu 1982. njirayi imaphatikizapo kuwonjezera chisakanizo cha SO₂ ndi mpweya m'madzi onyansa a cyanide pamene mukuyang'anira pH mtengo pakati pa 8 - 10. Cyanide m'madzi otayidwa ndi oxidized pansi pa catalysis ya bivalent copper ions. Mphamvu yamankhwala nthawi zambiri imakhala yabwinoko kuposa njira ya chlorine oxidation (popanda kuganizira za kawopsedwe ka thiocyanate). Gwero la reagents ndi lalikulu, ndipo ndalama ndi m'munsi kuposa zamchere chlorination ndondomeko. Komabe, njira ya Inco imavuta kutulutsa oxidizing SCN⁻, ndipo SCN⁻ imatha kusiyanitsa CN⁻ pambuyo pake, kotero siyoyenera kuthira madzi onyansa a cyanide okhala ndi SCN⁻.

3. H₂O₂ Oxidation: H₂O₂ imatulutsa cyanide kuti ipange CNO⁻ pansi pa pH 9.5 - 11. kutentha kwabwino, ndi ma ions amkuwa (Cu²⁺) monga chothandizira. CNO⁻ idzapangidwanso hydrolyzed kuti ipange NH₄⁺ ndi CO₃²⁻, ndipo kuchuluka kwa hydrolysis kumadalira pH. Njirayi imakhala ndi chithandizo chabwino pamadzi a cyanide komanso njira yosavuta. Ndiwoyenera kuchitira madzi otayira a cyanide otsika, okhala ndi cyanide pambuyo pa chithandizo amakhala osakwana 0.5 mg/L.

4. Kuchuluka kwa ozoni: Ozone ili ndi mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri ya okosijeni, yokhala ndi electrode ya 2.07 mV, yachiwiri ndi fluorine. Imatha kuwola mosavuta zigawo zomwe ma oxidants ena sangathe. Mu njira ya ozone oxidation, ozoni amachitira ndi cyanide kupanga cyanate, yomwe kenako imasungunuka kuti ipange nitrogen ndi carbonate. Ubwino umodzi wa njirayi ndikuti umangofunika zida zopangira ozoni ndipo sizifunikira kugula ndi kunyamula mankhwala.

Njira Zina Zobwezeretsanso

1. Njira ya Acidification: Njirayi imatha kukonza njira zambiri zamtundu wa cyanide (60 * 10⁻⁶ + NaCN) zotulutsidwa m'mafakitale. Kuphatikizika kwa ayoni a cyanide aulere munjira yosinthidwa kumatha kuchepetsedwa kukhala 1 * 10⁻⁶. Itha kubwezeretsanso cyanide mpaka pamlingo wokulirapo, ndikupangitsa kubwezeredwa kwazinthu ndikubweretsa phindu lalikulu pazachuma. Komabe, pamafunika kusindikiza zida zapamwamba, kumakhala ndi ndalama zambiri zam'tsogolo, kumafunikira luso lapamwamba kwambiri, komanso kukonza zida zovuta. Palinso zoopsa zina zachitetezo, ndipo madzi onyansa amafunikirabe chithandizo china kuti akwaniritse miyezo yotayira.

2. Kutulutsa Zosungunulira: Kutulutsa zosungunulira zakhala njira yabwino yolekanitsira ndi kulemeretsa ayoni achitsulo. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza ma ayoni achitsulo a cyanide m'mayankho amchere a cyanide. Mwachitsanzo, synergistic m'zigawo dongosolo trioctylmethyl ammonium kolorayidi (N263) - tributyl mankwala (TBP) - n - octanol - sulfonated palafini angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulemeretsa ndi kuchira zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ku cyanide golide m'zigawo madzi zinyalala. Pazifukwa zenizeni, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ayoni achitsulo monga Cu, Zn, ndi Fe kumatha kuchitika.

3. Awiri - Njira Yoyambira Kugwetsa: Iyi ndi njira yotseka kwambiri - yozungulira - yozungulira - njira yozungulira yopangidwira zomera zazing'ono ndi zazing'ono - zazikulu zagolide zokhala ndi madzi otayira SCN⁻, kukwaniritsa "zero kumasulidwa" kwa madzi oipa. Njirayi ikuphatikizapo kuwonjezera chothandizira ndi mpweya wokwanira ku cyanide yamadzi otayira ndikuchotsa cyanide pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wodzaza golide. Itha kuchotsa ayoni zitsulo zolemera mu yankho ndikuzindikira kubwezeretsanso madzi oyipa.

Nkhani Zokhudza Kubwezeretsanso Bwino Bwino

1. [Dzina la Kampani 1]: Kampani yosungunula golide iyi idakhazikitsa njira yobwezeretsanso madzi akunyansi a cyanide. Poyamba adagwiritsa ntchito njira zophatikizira za okosijeni ndi mpweya kuti athetse madzi onyansa. Mwa kukhathamiritsa njira yochizira, adatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi onyansa mpaka kufika pamlingo womwe udakwaniritsa miyezo yobwezeretsanso. Madzi otayidwa omwe adasinthidwanso adagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga golide wa cyanidation. Zotsatira zake, kampaniyo sinachepetse kuwononga chilengedwe komanso kupulumutsa ndalama zokwana [X]% pakugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi mankhwala.

2. [Dzina la Kampani 2]: Bizinesi iyi idatengera njira yatsopano. Iwo anapanga mtundu watsopano wa nembanemba - zochokera luso kulekana kwa cyanide madzi oipa. Ukadaulowu udatha kulekanitsa bwino cyanide ndi zonyansa zina ndi madzi oipa. Kenako madzi oyeretsedwawo ankawagwiritsanso ntchito, ndipo cyanide yotengedwa ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ankagwiritsidwanso ntchito kapena kugulitsidwa. Njirayi sinangopititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka chilengedwe ka kampani komanso idawonjezera ndalama zake pogulitsa zinthu zomwe zidabwezedwa.

Mavuto ndi Mayankho mu Cyanide Waste Water Recycling

Zovuta Zaukadaulo

1. Mapangidwe Ovuta a Madzi Onyansa: Madzi onyansa a cyanide ochokera ku golide wosungunula samakhala ndi cyanide komanso ma ion osiyanasiyana achitsulo, mankhwala ovuta, ndi zonyansa. Zolemba zovutazi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupanga imodzi - kukula - kokwanira - njira zonse zothandizira ndi kubwezeretsanso. Magwero osiyanasiyana amadzi oyipa angafunike njira zochizira makonda. Kuti athane ndi vutoli, kufufuza kosalekeza ndi chitukuko ndizofunikira kuti athe kusintha kusintha kwa matekinoloje amankhwala. Zida zatsopano ndi zopangira zitha kupangidwa kuti zithandizire kusankha bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zochizira pazinthu zosiyanasiyana m'madzi onyansa.

2. High - Mtengo Wamankhwala Technologies: Njira zina zapamwamba zoyeretsera madzi a cyanide ndi zobwezeretsanso, monga njira zina zolekanitsirana ndi membrane ndi njira zowongolera bwino kwambiri za okosijeni wamankhwala, zimafunikira ndalama zambiri zogulira zida, kukhazikitsa, ndi kukonza. Mtengo wokwerawu ukhoza kukhala cholepheretsa mabizinesi ambiri ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati osungunula golide. Pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama, makampani - mgwirizano waukulu ukhoza kulimbikitsidwa. Makampani atha kugawana mtengo wa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha matekinoloje atsopano, ndipo chuma chambiri chikhoza kutheka pogula limodzi zida ndi zida. Kuphatikiza apo, maboma atha kupereka zolimbikitsira zachuma monga ndalama zothandizira komanso nthawi yopumira misonkho kuti alimbikitse mabizinesi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zamankhwala.

Kuwongolera ndi Ndondomeko - Zovuta Zogwirizana nazo

1. Malamulo Olimba a Zachilengedwe: Pamene chidziwitso cha chilengedwe chikukulirakulira, maboma padziko lonse lapansi akukhazikitsa malamulo okhwima okhudza chilengedwe pamakampani osungunula golide. Kutsatira malamulowa kumafuna kuti zomera zosungunula golide zigwiritse ntchito ndalama zambiri poyeretsa komanso kukonzanso madzi oipa. Komabe, malamulo ena sangakhale osinthika mokwanira kuti athe kuwerengera zochitika zosiyanasiyana zamabizinesi osiyanasiyana. Maboma ndi mabungwe oyendetsera ntchito akuyenera kukambirana mozama ndi makampani osungunula golide. Atha kupanga malamulo owongolera omwe akuwunikiridwa komanso osinthika omwe amaganizira momwe zinthu ziliri pakupanga komanso luso laukadaulo wamabizinesi osiyanasiyana ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha chilengedwe.

2. Kupanda Miyezo Yogwirizana: Pakadali pano, pali kusowa kwa miyezo yogwirizana yapadziko lonse lapansi yoyeretsera madzi a cyanide ndikubwezeretsanso m'makampani osungunula golide. Mayiko ndi madera osiyanasiyana atha kukhala ndi zofunikira ndi njira zowunikira, zomwe zingayambitse chisokonezo kwa makampani osungunula golide wamitundu yonse ndikulepheretsa kufalikira kwa umisiri wabwino kwambiri. Mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza mabungwe oyenerera apadziko lonse lapansi ndi mabungwe amakampani, akuyenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuti akhazikitse miyezo yogwirizana yapadziko lonse lapansi. Miyezo iyi imatha kulimbikitsa kuyimitsidwa ndi kufananiza kwa ukadaulo wa cyanide woyeretsera madzi otayika komanso makina obwezeretsanso padziko lonse lapansi, kuwongolera kugawana nzeru ndi kusamutsa ukadaulo.

Pomaliza, kukonzanso madzi onyansa a cyanide mu kusungunula golide ndikofunikira pachitetezo cha chilengedwe komanso chitukuko chokhazikika chamakampani. Ngakhale pali zovuta, luso laukadaulo lopitilira, kuwongolera malamulo, ndi mafakitale - mgwirizano waukulu ukhoza kuthana ndi zopinga izi. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zobwezeretsanso madzi a cyanide, makampani osungunula golide amatha kupita ku tsogolo lokhazikika.