Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide mu Makampani Opanga Mankhwala

Sodium cyanide, yokhala ndi mankhwala a NaCN, ndi yoyera, yosungunuka m'madzi, komanso poizoni kwambiri. Ngakhale mbiri yake yodziwika bwino chifukwa cha kawopsedwe, imakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pamasewera Makampani Ogulitsa Mankhwala monga reagent yofunika mankhwala mu njira zosiyanasiyana kupanga.

1. Kaphatikizidwe ka Apakati

1.1 Cyanohydrin Synthesis

Chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri za Sodium Cyanide mu kaphatikizidwe mankhwala ndi kupanga cyanohydrins. Pamene aldehyde kapena ketone amachitira ndi sodium cyanide pamaso pa chothandizira asidi (nthawi zambiri asidi ofooka), cyanohydrin imapangidwa. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezera kwa nucleophilic ya cyanide ion (CN-) ku carbonyl carbon ya aldehyde kapena ketone. Mwachitsanzo, mu kaphatikizidwe ka mandelonitrile, benzaldehyde amachitira ndi Sodium cyanide. Izi zikuyimiridwa motere:

Mandelonitrile ndi ma cyanohydrin ena ndi ofunika kwambiri pakupanga mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Zitha kusinthidwanso kukhala zophatikizika ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, monga ma alpha-hydroxy acid ndi ma alpha-amino acid, omwe ndi gawo lamankhwala ambiri.

1.2 Nitrile Synthesis

Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri popanga nitriles. Mu SN2 (m'malo mwa nucleophilic bimolecular) reaction, alkyl halides amachita ndi sodium cyanide kupanga nitriles. Mwachitsanzo, bromoethane ikakumana ndi sodium cyanide, propionitrile imapangidwa:

Nitriles ndizomwe zimamanga mosiyanasiyana mu chemistry yamankhwala. Atha kukhala hydrolyzed ku carboxylic acid, kuchepetsedwa kukhala ma amines, kapena kuchitapo kanthu kuti apange mankhwala a heterocyclic. Mankhwala ambiri amakhala ndi magulu a nitrile, omwe amathandizira kuzinthu zawo zamankhwala, monga ma antifungal ndi antibacterial agents.

2. Kupanga Mankhwala Apadera

2.1 Cyanocobalamin (Vitamini B12) kaphatikizidwe

Cyanocobalamin, yemwe amadziwika kuti vitamini B12. ndi vitamini wofunikira pa thanzi la munthu. Kaphatikizidwe ka cyanocobalamin kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Mu gawo lomaliza la njira zopangira, cobalt - yomwe ili ndi wapakatikati imachitidwa ndi sodium cyanide kuyambitsa gulu la cyanide, lomwe ndi khalidwe la cyanocobalamin. Gulu la cyanide mu cyanocobalamin ndi lokhazikika pansi pa zochitika za thupi ndipo limagwira ntchito pazochitika zamoyo za vitamini. Vitamini B12 ndiyofunikira pa kaphatikizidwe ka DNA, kugwira ntchito kwa minyewa, komanso kupanga maselo ofiira a magazi, komanso kupanga kwake pogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide kumathandiza kukwaniritsa kufunikira kwa zakudya zowonjezera komanso kupanga mankhwala.

2.2 Kaphatikizidwe ka Mankhwala Ena Oletsa khansa

Popanga mankhwala ena odana ndi khansa, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma key intermediates. Mwachitsanzo, pakuphatikizika kwa mankhwala ena a indole - anti-cancer, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito motsatizana popanga ma cell. Magulu a nitrile oyambitsidwa ndi sodium cyanide amatha kusinthidwanso kuti apititse patsogolo kulumikizana kwa mankhwalawa kwa ma cell a khansa, kuletsa ma enzymes omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kukula kwa maselo a khansa, kapena kusokoneza njira zama cell a khansa.

3. Mavuto ndi Njira Zopewera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa sodium cyanide m'makampani opanga mankhwala kumabwera ndi zovuta zazikulu chifukwa cha poizoni wake wambiri. Njira zotetezedwa zimafunikira pakuyigwira, kusunga, ndikugwiritsa ntchito. Zida zapadera ndi ogwira ntchito ophunzitsidwa ndizofunikira kuti apewe kutayikira kapena kuwonekera. Popanga, njira zoyenera zolowera mpweya zimayikidwa kuti zipewe kutulutsa mpweya wa cyanide - wokhala ndi utsi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwongolera zinyalala ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Zinyalala zilizonse zomwe zili ndi sodium cyanide kapena zomwe zimapangidwira ziyenera kusamaliridwa mosamala kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha chilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri, njira zamakutidwe ndi okosijeni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutembenuza zinthu zapoizoni za cyanide kukhala zinthu zosavulaza kwambiri asanatayidwe.

4. Malingaliro Amtsogolo

Pamene makampani opanga mankhwala akupitirizabe kusintha, kufunafuna njira zopangira zowonjezera komanso zotetezeka zikupitirirabe. Ngakhale kuti sodium cyanide imakhalabe chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mankhwala amakono, kuyesayesa kukuchitika kuti pakhale njira zina zomwe zimachepetsa kapena kuthetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa kwambiri. Komabe, posachedwapa, chifukwa cha reactivity yapadera ya sodium cyanide m'njira zina zopangira, zikutheka kuti zipitirize kugwira nawo ntchito yopanga mankhwala ena. Kafukufuku atha kuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zoyendetsedwa bwino kuti achepetse kuopsa kogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake komanso kupeza ma analogi otetezeka kapena njira zina zopangira zomwe zitha kukwaniritsa mankhwala omwewo ndikuchepetsa nkhawa za kawopsedwe.

Pomaliza, sodium cyanide, ngakhale kawopsedwe, wathandizira kwambiri pamakampani opanga mankhwala pakuphatikizika kwamankhwala osiyanasiyana ofunikira komanso ophatikizika. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake moyenera ndi kotetezeka, pamodzi ndi kuyesetsa kosalekeza kupeza njira zina, zidzakhala zofunikira pa chitukuko chokhazikika cha kupanga mankhwala.