Kuchita Zopanga Pochepetsa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide Powonjezera Moyenera Mlingo wa Calcium Oxide

Introduction

M'makampani opanga migodi ndi kuchotsa golide, Cyanidation ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popeza golide kuchokera ku miyala. Komabe, kumwa kwambiri kwa Sodium cyanide sikungowonjezera ndalama zopangira komanso kumabweretsa ngozi zachilengedwe chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kake. Kupeza njira zothandiza kuchepetsa Sodium Cyanide kugwiritsa ntchito pomwe kukonza kapena kukonza mitengo yobweza golide ndizovuta kwambiri pamakampani. Njira imodzi yotereyi yomwe yawonetsa kulonjeza muzochita zopanga ndi kuchuluka koyenera kwa mlingo wa Kashiamu okusayidi. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za kachitidwe kameneka, ndikuwunika njira zoyambira, njira zogwirira ntchito, ndi zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa.

Udindo wa Calcium Oxide mu Njira Ya Cyanidation

PH Kusintha

Calcium oxide, ikawonjezeredwa ku cyanidation system, imakhudzidwa ndi madzi kupanga calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)_2). Izi zimawonjezera pH mtengo wa zamkati. Mu njira ya cyanidation, kusunga pH yoyenera ya alkaline ndikofunikira. A mkulu pH chilengedwe kumathandiza kupewa hydrolysis wa sodium cyanide. Sodium cyanide (NaCN) imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi madzi pamalo a acidic kapena pafupi ndi ndale, zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga hydrogen cyanide (HCN), mpweya wotentha kwambiri komanso wapoizoni. Mwa kuonjezera pH ku mitundu yozungulira 10 - 11. hydrolysis ya sodium cyanide imaletsedwa, motero kuchepetsa kudya kwake kosafunikira.

Zochita ndi Chemical ndi Zonyansa

Ores nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zonyansa zosiyanasiyana monga chitsulo, mkuwa, ndi zinki. Zonyansazi zimatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi sodium cyanide, kupanga zovuta za cyanide ndikudya kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide. Calcium oxide imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi zina mwa zonyansazi. Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo mu ore chikhoza kukhalapo mu mawonekedwe a iron oxides kapena sulfides. Calcium okusayidi akhoza kuchita ndi acidic zinthu opangidwa pa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa chitsulo sulfides, neutralizing iwo. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa asidi m'dongosolo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti sodium cyanide ikhale yokhazikika. Kuphatikiza apo, calcium oxide imatha kuyambitsa ayoni ena achitsulo monga ma hydroxides. Mwachitsanzo, ma ayoni amkuwa (Cu^{2 +}) amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi ayoni a hydroxide kuchokera ku calcium hydroxide kupanga copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)_2) precipitate. Kuchita kwamvula kumeneku kumachotsa ayoni amkuwa ku yankho, kuwalepheretsa kuchitapo kanthu ndi sodium cyanide komanso kuchepetsa kumwa kwa sodium cyanide.

Tsatanetsatane wa Ntchito Yopanga

Makhalidwe a Ore ndi Zoyambira Zoyambira

Chomera chopangira komwe mchitidwewu udachitika adakonza mtundu wina wa golide - wokhala ndi miyala. Miyalayo inali ndi golide wina wake, komanso mchere wochuluka wa iron sulfide ndi zonyansa zina monga mkuwa ndi zinki. Poyamba, njira ya cyanidation inkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi sodium cyanide. pH ya zamkati idasungidwa pafupifupi 9 - 9.5. ndipo mlingo wa calcium oxide unali wochepa. Mtengo wobwezeretsa golide sunalinso pamlingo woyenera.

Kusintha Mlingo wa Calcium Oxide

Mu gawo loyamba la mchitidwe, mlingo wa calcium okusayidi anawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Mlingo woyambirira unali wozungulira 1 - 2 kg / t wa ore, ndipo udawonjezedwa muzowonjezera za 0.5 kg / t pamagulu angapo opanga. Pamene mlingo wa calcium oxide unawonjezeka, pH ya zamkati inakwera pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, chidwi chinaperekedwa pakukhudzidwa kwa njira ya cyanidation, kuphatikiza momwe amachitira, kubweza golide, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide.

Kuyang'anira ndi Kuwongolera

Pamchitidwe wopanga, magawo angapo ofunikira amawunikidwa mosalekeza. PH ya zamkati imayesedwa nthawi ndi nthawi pogwiritsa ntchito pH mita yomwe imayikidwa mumayendedwe a zamkati. Kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide mu yankho kunatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira za titration. Mtengo wobweza golide udawerengedwa posanthula zomwe zili mu golide muzakudya, ma tailings, ndi njira yapakati. Komanso, tinthu kukula kugawa ore anali kuyang'aniridwa monga zingakhudze anachita kinetics. Kutengera ndi zomwe zidayang'aniridwa, zosintha zidapangidwa pamlingo wa calcium oxide ndi magawo ena ogwiritsira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pH idakwera kwambiri ndikupitilira 11.5. Mlingo wa calcium oxide udachepetsedwa pang'ono kuti apewe zovuta zilizonse pakuchotsa golide.

Zotsatira ndi Ubwino

Kuchepetsa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide

Pamene mlingo wa calcium oxide udachulukitsidwa kufika pamlingo woyenera (potsiriza kufika pafupifupi 4 - 5 kg/t wa ore mu nkhani iyi), kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kumwa kwa sodium cyanide kunawonedwa. Poyamba, kumwa kwa sodium cyanide kunali pafupifupi 4 - 5 kg / t ya ore. Pambuyo pokonza mlingo wa calcium oxide, kumwa kwa sodium cyanide kunatsika mpaka 2 - 3 kg/t ya ore, kuyimira kuchepetsedwa kwa 30% - 50%. Kuchepetsa kwa sodium cyanide kumwa kumeneku kunadzetsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa ndalama zopangira.

Kusintha kwa Gold Recovery Rate

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, sikuti kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide kunachepa, komanso kubweza golide kunakulanso. Pamaso pa kusintha mlingo wa calcium okusayidi, golide kuchira mlingo anali mozungulira 80% - 85%. Pambuyo kukhathamiritsa, golide kuchira mlingo wawonjezeka 85% - 90%. Kusintha kumeneku pakubwezeretsa golide kungabwere chifukwa chakuwongolera bwino kwa chilengedwe cha cyanidation. Kuwonjezeka kwa pH ndi kuchotsedwa kwa zonyansa ndi calcium oxide kunathandizira kuti pakhale malo abwino kwambiri osungunuka golide.

Ubwino Wachilengedwe ndi Chitetezo

Ndi kuchepa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide, kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe kwa njira ya cyanidation kunachepetsedwa kwambiri. Kuchepa kwa sodium cyanide m'madzi otayira kumatanthauza kuchepa kwa kawopsedwe, kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchepa kwa mapangidwe a mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide chifukwa chowongolera bwino pH kumathandiziranso chitetezo cha njira yopangira antchito.

Kutsiliza

Kupanga kowonjezera mlingo wa calcium oxide kwatsimikizira kukhala njira yabwino yochepetsera kumwa kwa sodium cyanide mu njira ya cyanidation. Pomvetsetsa ntchito ya calcium oxide pakusintha pH ndikuchitapo kanthu ndi zonyansa, komanso poyang'anira mosamala ndi kuwongolera panthawi yopanga, phindu lalikulu lingapezeke. Zopindulitsazi zikuphatikiza kupulumutsa ndalama, kuwongolera mitengo yobweza golide, komanso kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zachilengedwe ndi chitetezo. Mchitidwewu utha kukhala ngati chiwongolero chofunikira pamitengo ina yamigodi ndi kukumba golide yomwe ikukumana ndi zovuta zofananira pakuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Kufufuza kwina ndi kukhathamiritsa m'derali kungapangitse njira zogwirira ntchito bwino komanso zokhazikika za cyanidation mtsogolomo.