The All - Slime Stirring Cyanidation Process mu Gold Mining

1. Introduction

Cyanidation ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa golide m'makampani amigodi. Chatchuka chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika komanso kubweza golide wokwera. Izi zimathandiza pa - sitepe kupanga golide, amene kwambiri amachepetsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana kugwirizana ndi mtunda wautali mayendedwe a golide amaika. Zotsatira zake, zimathandizira kukonza bwino zachuma zamabizinesi ndikupulumutsa ndalama. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide, reagent yapoizoni kwambiri, komanso kuyenda kwautali komanso kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono kwa golide, ndizoyipa zodziwika bwino za ndondomeko ya cyanidation. Kuti agwirizane bwino ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya golide - wokhala ndi miyala, kupititsa patsogolo kubweza golide, ndikuchepetsa mtengo, njira yochotsera golide wa cyanidation yakhala ikupangidwa mosalekeza.

2. Kupititsa patsogolo Njira ya Cyanidation

M'masiku oyambirira a cyanidation, teknoloji yopangira mchere sinali bwino - yopangidwa, ndipo mtengo wakupera bwino wa ores unali wokwera. Komanso, panthawiyo, njira zopititsira patsogolo kukhetsa madzi, kuthira madzi, ndi kusefa magulu akuluakulu a miyala zinali zisanapangidwe. Choncho, mu gawo loyamba la chitukuko cha njira ya cyanidation, percolation leaching inali njira yaikulu. Percolation leaching inali yoyenera pochiza ores obiriwira. Pankafunika kuti pasakhale dongo, matope, kapena zinthu zina zosafunika. Choncho, asanatuluke, ores ophwanyidwa bwino amayenera kugawidwa, omwe anali njira yotsuka, kuti alekanitse matope. Zopangidwa ndi matope owoneka bwino zidayikidwa m'matangi otsetsereka kuti azitha kuchiritsa ma cyanidation ndi percolation leaching.

Ndi kukonza kwa zida za hydrometallurgical, monga kupitilirabe kukula kwa akasinja osokonekera, zosefera, zonenepa, ndi zina zambiri, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito percolation leaching yamchenga wa ore, zinthu zamatope zomwe zidapatulidwa zitha kukhala cyanided mu akasinja achipwirikiti. Ndi kupita patsogolo ndi kuwongolera kwaukadaulo wokupera, kuyika, ndi kusefera, cyanide leaching yasintha ndikuchotsa golide kuchokera ku golide wopangidwa bwino kwambiri. Ores onse amaphwanyidwa bwino ndipo amalowetsedwa mu akasinja ovutitsidwa kwambiri. Njirayi imatchedwa njira ya "all - slime cyanidation". Ili ndi maubwino a kuchuluka kwa kuchira, kuthamanga kwa golide wothamanga, komanso kadulidwe kakang'ono ka golide, chifukwa chake idalimbikitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu.

3. Kulimbikitsa Zipangizo Zamakono za Cyanidation ndi Njira Zake Zothandizira Zothandizira

M'masiku oyambirira a ndondomeko ya golide ya cyanidation pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotsitsimula ya cyanidation, mpweya wophulika unkagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa golide. Pambuyo pake, ndi chitukuko cha sayansi cha kuchotsa golide komanso kumvetsetsa kwa anthu kufunikira kwa okosijeni mu leaching, njira zothandizira zowonjezera monga oxygen - leaching wowonjezera ndi madzi - gawo oxidant - leaching yothandizira zatulukira. Izi zimaphatikizapo hydrogen peroxide kapena potaziyamu permanganate - kutulutsa kothandizira, ammonia - cyanide - kutulutsa kothandizira, kutentha ndi kupanikizika - kutulutsa kothandizira, ndi lead nitrate - kutulutsa kothandizira.

Oxygen - wolemera leaching amatha kuonjezera ndende ya okosijeni mu leaching dongosolo, amene amalimbikitsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa golide ndi bwino leaching Mwachangu. Hydrogen peroxide ndi potaziyamu permanganate, monga oxidants amphamvu, amatha kufulumizitsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni a golidi mu miyala, potero kumawonjezera kuthamanga kwa leaching. Ammonia - cyanide - yothandizira leaching imatha kusintha chilengedwe chamankhwala cha leaching solution, chomwe chimapindulitsa pakutha kwa golide. Kutenthetsa ndi kupanikizika - kuthandizidwa ndi leaching kumatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimachitika posintha kutentha ndi kupanikizika, pomwe lead nitrate - leaching yothandizira imatha kukhala ndi gawo lothandizira pakuchita kwa golide.

4. Mavuto ndi Zoyembekeza Zamtsogolo

Ngakhale zabwino zake, njira yonse yosonkhezera ma cyanidation imakumanabe ndi zovuta zina. Kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide yapoizoni kwambiri kumafuna njira zotetezera chitetezo komanso kasamalidwe ka chitetezo cha chilengedwe kuti cyanide isatayike komanso kuipitsa. Kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali kwa ndondomekoyi kumafunanso mphamvu zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu.

M'tsogolomu, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha ntchitoyi chidzayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga njira zochepetsera zachilengedwe komanso zogwira mtima zochotsa golide. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kufufuza njira zina zomwe si cyanide leaching agents kuti zilowe m'malo mwa cyanide, kukonza njira zomwe zilipo kale kuti muchepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, komanso kukhathamiritsa zida ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kuti ziwongolere ntchito yonse yochotsa golide. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikukula kosalekeza kwa matekinoloje a digito ndi anzeru, kugwiritsa ntchito matekinolojewa munjira zonse - zoyambitsa cyanidation zitha kubweretsanso mipata yatsopano yowongolera magwiridwe antchito komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

Pomaliza, njira zonse zosonkhezera matope a cyanidation zathandiza kwambiri pamakampani a migodi ya golide. Ngakhale ili ndi zovuta zina, luso laukadaulo lopitilirabe komanso kuwongolera kumathandizira kuti ligwirizane ndi zosowa zachitukuko zamakampani ndikuthandizira kuti msika wamigodi wa golide ukhale wokhazikika.