Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide Monga Copper Depressant mu Mgodi wa Copper-Molybdenum

Introduction

Munjira yovuta ya copper-molybdenum ore beneficiation, kulekanitsa bwino kwa mchere wamkuwa ndi molybdenum ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukulitsa mtengo wachuma wa ore. Sodium cyanide wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati depressant wamphamvu mu ndondomeko flotation kusankha ziletsa mchere mchere mkuwa, kulola yokonda kuyandama wa molybdenum. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka Sodium cyanide mumgodi wina wa mkuwa-molybdenum, kufufuza momwe ntchito yake ikugwiritsidwira ntchito, kukhazikitsidwa kothandiza, ndi zovuta ndi zothetsera zokhudzana ndi ntchito yake.

Njira Yogwira Ntchito ya Sodium Cyanide ngati Depressant

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri ochepetsa mchere wa sulfide monga chalcopyrite (copper ore). Mu flotation system, Sodium Cyanide amalekanitsa m'madzi kutulutsa ma cyanide ions (CN⁻). Ma cyanide ions awa amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi ayoni achitsulo pamwamba pa mchere wamkuwa. Mwachitsanzo, ndi chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂), ayoni a cyanide amatha kupanga zitsulo zokhazikika zachitsulo-cyanide. Zomwe zimachitika zitha kuyimiridwa motere:

CuFeS₂ + 4CN⁻ → Cu(CN)₄²⁻ + FeS₂ + 2e⁻

Izi zimasungunula ayoni amkuwa pamwamba pa chalcopyrite, ndikupanga hydrophilic wosanjikiza wa copper-cyanide complexes. Zotsatira zake, pamwamba pa mchere wamkuwa zimakhala zochepa za hydrophobic, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu yake yolumikizana ndi thovu la mpweya mu selo yoyandama. Mosiyana ndi izi, molybdenite (MoS₂), mchere waukulu wokhala ndi molybdenum, imakhala yolowera ku ma ion cyanide pansi pamikhalidwe yoyandama. Molybdenite ali ndi chilengedwe cha hydrophobic pamwamba chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osanjikiza, omwe amalola kuti azitha kuyandama mosavuta ndi osonkhanitsa ndi ma thovu a mpweya mumayendedwe akuyandama pamene mchere wamkuwa umakhumudwa ndi sodium cyanide.

Nkhani Yophunzira: Mgodi wa Copper-Molybdenum

Makhalidwe a Ore

Mgodi wa copper-molybdenum uli ndi thupi la ore lomwe lili ndi mineralogy yovuta. Mchere waukulu wamkuwa ndi chalcopyrite ndi bornite, pamene molybdenum imapezeka makamaka ngati molybdenite. Mwala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi 0.8% yamkuwa ndi 0.03% molybdenum. Kugawidwa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mchere kumasiyanasiyananso, komwe kumakhala ndi mchere wambiri womwe umabweretsa zovuta pakulekanitsa bwino.

Kuyenda kwa Flotation

1.Bulk Flotation Stage

• Pachiyambi choyamba cha ndondomeko yoyandama, njira yoyandama yochuluka imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Wosonkhanitsa monga sodium isopropyl xanthate amawonjezedwa ku zamkati za ore kuti ayandame pamodzi mchere wamkuwa ndi molybdenum. Izi zimapanga kuchuluka kwa mkuwa-molybdenum. Cholinga cha gawoli ndikulemeretsa mchere wamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku mchere wa gangue.

2.Kupatukana Flotation Stage

• Pambuyo pa kuyandama kochuluka, kuyika kwakukulu kumakonzedwanso mu gawo losiyanitsira loyandama. Sodium cyanide imawonjezeredwa ku zamkati panthawiyi. Kuchulukitsa kwa sodium cyanide kumayendetsedwa mosamalitsa kutengera zomwe zili mkuwa muzochulukira komanso zomwe zimafunikira kulekana. Nthawi zambiri, mlingo umachokera ku 300 - 500 magalamu pa tani imodzi yazambiri.

• Zamkatizo zimayikidwa mumndandanda wa akasinja owongolera kuti zitsimikizire kugawidwa kofanana kwa sodium cyanide komanso momwe amachitira ndi mchere wamkuwa. Pambuyo pakukonzekera, zamkati zimalowa m'maselo oyandama. M'maselo oyandama, mchere wamkuwa wokhumudwa umamira pansi ngati michira, pomwe molybdenite imayandama pamwamba mothandizidwa ndi thovu la mpweya ndipo imasonkhanitsidwa ngati molybdenum.

3.Molybdenum Kuyeretsa Magawo

• Kukhazikika kwa molybdenum komwe kumapezeka kuchokera pagawo lolekanitsa kumakonzedwanso kudzera m'magawo angapo oyeretsa. Mu magawo awa oyeretsera, ma reagents owonjezera amatha kuwonjezeredwa kuti apititse patsogolo chiyero cha molybdenum concentrate. Michira kuchokera pazigawo zoyeretsera nthawi zambiri imabwezeretsedwanso kumalo oyenerera polekanitsa kapena kuyandama kochuluka kuti kuwonjezere kuchira kwa mchere wamtengo wapatali.

Zotsatira za Metallurgical

1.Molybdenum Kusangalala ndi Kalasi

• Pamaso kukhazikitsa wokometsedwa sodium cyanide - zochokera ndondomeko kulekana, kuchira molybdenum mu mgodi anali mozungulira 60% ndi molybdenum maganizo kalasi pafupifupi 40%. Pambuyo posintha mosamalitsa mlingo wa sodium cyanide ndi magawo a ndondomeko, kuchira kwa molybdenum kwawonjezeka mpaka 75%. Gulu la molybdenum concentrate lasinthidwanso kukhala 45% kapena kupitilira apo nthawi zambiri.

2.Copper Depressing Effect

• Kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide kwachepetsa kwambiri mchere wamkuwa. Zomwe zili mkuwa mumchere womaliza wa molybdenum zachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 5% kufika kuchepera 2%. Kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa mkuwa mu molybdenum kumangowonjezera ubwino wa mankhwala a molybdenum komanso kumachepetsanso mtengo woyenga kwambiri molybdenum concentrate mu smelting.

Mavuto ndi Mayankho pa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide

Zokhudza Zachilengedwe ndi Chitetezo

1.Poizoni wa Sodium Cyanide

• Sodium cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri. Kutayikira kulikonse kapena kusagwira bwino ntchito panthawi yamigodi ndi kupindula kungawononge kwambiri chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu. Ngati kutayikira mwangozi, ma cyanide ions amatha kulowa m'nthaka ndi magwero amadzi mwachangu, zomwe zimayambitsa kuipitsa ndikuyika pachiwopsezo zamoyo zam'madzi ndi zomera.

2.Mayankho

• Ma Protocol Olimba Otetezedwa: Mugodi wakhazikitsa malamulo okhwima otetezedwa posungira, kuyendetsa, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Malo osungiramo mwapadera okhala ndi akasinja okhala ndi mipanda iwiri komanso njira zodziwira zotayikira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira sodium cyanide. Ogwira ntchito onse omwe akugwira nawo ntchito yosamalira sodium cyanide amayenera kuphunzitsidwa nthawi zonse zachitetezo, kuphatikiza njira zoyankhira mwadzidzidzi pakatuluka.

• Chithandizo cha Michira ndi Madzi Otayira: Mugodi waika njira zapamwamba zoyeretsera madzi oipa. Pambuyo poyandama, ma tailings ndi madzi otayira okhala ndi sodium cyanide yotsalira amathandizidwa kuti achotse kapena kutsitsa cyanide. Njira imodzi yodziwika bwino ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito hydrogen peroxide kapena hypochlorite kuti ma cyanide ion azitha kukhala ndi poizoni pang'ono monga cyanate (CNO⁻) kapena nitrogen ndi carbon dioxide. Madzi otayira ogwiritsidwa ntchito amawayang'aniridwa mosamala kuti atsimikizire kuti ndende ya cyanide ikukwaniritsa miyezo ya chilengedwe isanatulutsidwe.

Zovuta Zokhathamiritsa Njira

1.Variability mu Ore Quality

• Ubwino wa ore mumkuwa - mgodi wa molybdenum ukhoza kusiyana kwambiri. Magulu osiyanasiyana a ore amatha kukhala ndi mkuwa wosiyanasiyana - molybdenum ratios, nyimbo za mineralogical, ndi magawo a tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kusiyanasiyana kumeneku kungakhudze mphamvu ya sodium cyanide monga chokhumudwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, mu ore okhala ndi gawo lalikulu la mchere wamkuwa wopangidwa bwino, sodium cyanide yochulukirapo ingafunike kuti mukwaniritse kupsinjika kwa mkuwa komweko.

2.Mayankho

• Real - Time Ore Analysis: Mgodi waika ndalama pazida zowunikira zaukadaulo kuti athe kusanthula nthawi yeniyeni ya miyala yomwe ikubwera. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) ndi laser - induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe mwachangu kapangidwe ka miyala ya ore. Kutengera zotsatira za kusanthula, mlingo wa sodium cyanide ndi ma reagents ena akhoza kusinthidwa munthawi yake.

• Model - Based Process Control: Chitsanzo cha masamu chapangidwa kuti chilosere mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa sodium cyanide ndi magawo opangira potengera mawonekedwe a ore. Chitsanzocho chimaganizira zinthu monga mkuwa - chiŵerengero cha molybdenum, mineralological composition, ndi kukula kwa tinthu. Dongosolo lotsogola lachitsanzoli limalola kuwongolera bwino kwamayendedwe oyandama, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amkuwa - kupatukana kwa molybdenum ngakhale mukukumana ndi kusiyanasiyana kwamtundu wa ore.

Kutsiliza

kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide ngati a Copper depressant mu ndondomeko yoyandama yatsimikizira kukhala yothandiza kukwaniritsa kulekana kwa mchere wamkuwa ndi molybdenum. Kupyolera mu kuwongolera mosamala mlingo wa sodium cyanide, kukhathamiritsa kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kabwino kake. Komabe, zovuta zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide, monga kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe ndi chitetezo ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa ndondomeko poyang'anizana ndi kusiyana kwa khalidwe la ore, zimafuna kusamalidwa kosalekeza ndi kukhazikitsa njira zothetsera mavuto. Pamene makampani amigodi akupita kuzinthu zokhazikika komanso zogwira mtima, kufufuza kwina ndi chitukuko kumafunika kuti tipeze njira zina zochepetsera nkhawa kapena kukonza njira yomwe ilipo ya sodium cyanide - kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe ndikusunga zitsulo zambiri.