Njira yonse ya slime cyanidation ya ores amtundu wa golide wofalitsidwa

1. Introduction

Chifukwa chakukula kosalekeza kwa migodi ya golide, zinthu zagolide zomwe zimakonzedwa mosavuta zikuchepa pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuphunzira za kupindula ndi kusungunula kwa golide wosakanizidwa, monga golide wokhala ndi arsenic - antimony vein - mtundu wofalitsidwa. Ores awa amadziwika ndi kukwanira

x mieralogy, pomwe arsenopyrite ndi stibnite zimalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi mchere wa gangue mu mawonekedwe ofalitsidwa, kupangitsa kuchotsa golide kukhala kovuta. Njira yonse ya slime cyanidation ndi njira yodziwika bwino yochotsera golide, koma pamtundu woterewu, nthawi zambiri imakumana ndi zovuta monga kutsika kwa golide wotsika komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ma reagent. Kukonzekeletsa izi kungathe kupititsa patsogolo kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu komanso phindu lachuma la migodi ya golide.

2. Makhalidwe a Arsenic - Antimony Vein - Mtundu Wofalitsidwa Ores Gold

2.1 Mapangidwe a Mineralogical

Mu arsenic - mtsempha wa antimony - ofalitsa amtundu wa golide, arsenopyrite ndi stibnite ndi mchere waukulu womwe umakhudza kuchotsa golide. Tinthu ting'onoting'ono ta golide mu miyalayi timakhala ndi tinthu tambiri tosafanana. Iwo amagawidwa makamaka mu ming'alu ndi inter-granular mipata ya pyrite ndi arsenopyrite, kapena wokutidwa mkati mwawo. Nthawi zina, golidi amakhala limodzi ndi stibnite, ndipo gawo lina limayikidwa mu mchere wa gangue monga limonite kapena quartz. Gawo lina la pyrite mu ore limakhala ngati kufalitsa kwabwino mumchere wa gangue ndipo lili ndi ubale wapamtima ndi arsenopyrite ndi marcasite. Arsenopyrite nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi kukula kwa tinthu tating'ono ndipo imagwirizana kwambiri ndi pyrite. Mapangidwe a ore makamaka ndi mitsempha - yofalitsidwa, ndi stibnite yambiri ndi arsenopyrite yosakanikirana ndi mchere wa gangue m'njira yofalitsidwa.

2.2 Zinthu Zowopsa

Kukhalapo kwa arsenic (As) ndi antimony (Sb) mu ore sikoyenera kwambiri pakutulutsa golide wa cyanidation. Zinthu izi zimatha kuchitapo kanthu cyanide ndi mpweya mu ndondomeko ya cyanidation, kudya kuchuluka kwa reagents ndi kuchepetsa leaching mlingo wa golide. Mwachitsanzo, arsenic amatha kupanga arsenic osiyanasiyana - okhala ndi mankhwala mu cyanide solution, omwe samangodya sianidi okha komanso amatha kupanga mafilimu opatsa chidwi pamwamba pa tinthu tagolide, ndikulepheretsa kulumikizana pakati pa golide ndi ayoni a cyanide.

3. Mavuto Amene Alipo M'zonse - Slime Cyanidation Process

3.1 Kutsika kwa Golide Kutsika Kwambiri

Kuwongola zonse - slime cyanidation of arsenic - antimony vein - golide wamtundu wofalitsidwa nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kutsika kwa golide. Chifukwa cha zovuta za mineralological komanso kukhalapo kwa zinthu zovulaza, golide ndizovuta kusungunuka kwathunthu ndi cyanide. Kwa ores ena, chiwongolero chonse - slime cyanidation recovery rate ndi pafupifupi 47.62%.

3.2 Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwambiri

Njira ya cyanidation imafuna kuchuluka kwa cyanide monga wothandizira. Komabe, pamaso pa arsenic, antimoni ndi zinthu zina zovulaza, kumwa cyanide kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhalapo kwa mchere wina wa sulfide mu ore kumathanso kuchitapo kanthu ndi cyanide, ndikuwonjezera kumwa kwa reagent. Mwachitsanzo, momwe mchere wa sulfide uli ndi cyanide ukhoza kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cyano - zovuta, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide mu slurry ndikuchepetsa kutsika kwa golide.

4. Njira Zowonjezeretsa kwa Onse - Njira ya Slime Cyanidation

4.1 Njira Zochiritsira

4.1.1 Kudziletsa kwa Alkaline Leaching Pretreatment

Kugwiritsira ntchito NaOH monga alkaline leaching agent kumatha kuchotsa bwino zinthu zina zovulaza. Kupyolera mu kuyesa kwa orthogonal factorial, zatsimikiziridwa kuti kwa ores ena, pamene mchere ukupera fineness ndi - 200 mauna owerengera 85%, ndende ya alkaline leaching ndi 60 kg / t, nthawi ya alkaline leaching ndi 32 h, ndi kutentha kwa alkaline leaching ndi 26 ° C, zotsatira zotsatila zimatha kukhala cyanid. Kutulutsa zamchere kumatha kusungunula ena arsenic - ndi antimoni - okhala ndi mchere pang'ono, kuchepetsa kuwononga kwawo panjira ya cyanidation.

4.1.2 Kukonzekera kwa Acid

Acid pretreatment, monga kugwiritsa ntchito nitric acid (HNO₃) ndi hydrochloric acid (HCl), ingakhalenso yothandiza. Acid pretreatment imatha kuchepetsa kumwa kwa cyanide. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pokonzekera asidi, kumwa kwa cyanide kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndi 340 - 210 mg/L motsatana, ndipo kubweza golide wofananirako kumatha kukwera mpaka 98.87% ndi 95.11%. Acid pretreatment imatha kusungunula mchere wina wa carbonate ndi gawo lina la mchere wa sulfide mu ore, kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwa mcherewu mu ndondomeko ya cyanidation.

4.1.3 Kuwotcha Preat

Kuwotcha ore pa 600 - 1000 °C kwa 0.5 - 2 h pamaso cyanidation kungathenso kupeza zotsatira zabwino. Zotsatira za cyanidation pazitsanzo zokazinga zikuwonetsa kuti kumwa kwa cyanide kumachepetsedwa kwambiri ndi 1150 mg / L, ndipo kuchira kwa golide kumawonjezeka ndi 5.2%. Kuonjezera apo, zomwe zili mu arsenic, antimony, cadmium, ndi mercury mu zitsanzo zokazinga (zowotcha pa 1000 ° C kwa 2 h) zimachepetsedwa kwambiri. Kuwotcha kumatha kusintha mchere wa sulfide kukhala ma oxides achitsulo, kupangitsa golide kukhala wosavuta kupezeka ndi cyanide leaching.

4.2 Kukhathamiritsa kwa Cyanidation Conditions

4.2.1 Kukhazikika kwa Cyanide

Kwa ores okhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, ndende yoyenera ya cyanide iyenera kutsimikiziridwa. Kwa mtundu woyamba wa ore chitsanzo munali 10.5 ppm golide ndi mkulu arsenic ndi antimoni, akadakwanitsira cyanide ndende ndi 4000 mg/L, pamene mtundu wachiwiri wa ore chitsanzo ndi otsika golide okhutira (2.5 ppm) koma mkulu siliva okhutira (160 ppm), akadakwanitsira cyanide ndende ndende ndi 2500 mg/L. Kusintha ndende ya cyanide molingana ndi zinthu za ore kumatha kuwonetsetsa kuti golide wotuluka bwino ndikuchepetsa zinyalala za reagent.

4.2.2 pH Mtengo

Phindu la pH la yankho la cyanidation limathandizanso kwambiri pakutulutsa. Pachitsanzo choyamba, pH yabwino kwambiri ndi 11.1. ndipo pa chitsanzo chachiwiri, pH yabwino kwambiri ndi 10.5. Kusunga pH yoyenera kumapangitsa kukhazikika kwa yankho la cyanide ndikulimbikitsa zomwe zimachitika pakati pa golide ndi ayoni a cyanide.

4.2.3 Nthawi ya Cyanidation

Nthawi ya cyanidation iyeneranso kuwonjezeredwa. Kwa mitundu yonse iwiri ya zitsanzo zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, nthawi yoyenera ya cyanidation ndi 24 h. Kutalikitsa nthawi ya cyanidation sikungangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa golide koma kumawonjezera ndalama zopangira. Chifukwa chake, kudziwa nthawi yoyenera ya cyanidation ndikofunikira kuti pakhale luso la kupanga.

4.2.4 Kugwiritsa Ntchito Oxidizing Agents

Kugwiritsa ntchito okosijeni monga H₂O₂ (0.015 M), mpweya (0.15 L/min), kapena chisakanizo cha H₂O₂ ndi mpweya kumatha kusintha ma kinetics otulutsa golide. Pakati pawo, jekeseni wa mpweya uli ndi phindu lalikulu kwambiri pa leaching kinetics. Oxidizing agents amatha kusintha zinthu zina zochepetsedwa mu ore kukhala mawonekedwe a okosijeni, kulimbikitsa kusungunuka kwa golide.

5. Maphunziro a Nkhani

Mumgodi wa golide ku Gansu, njira zonse za slime cyanidation za arsenic - antimony vein - ore yagolide yofalitsidwa idakonzedwa. Kupyolera mu pretreatment alkaline leaching pretreatment ndi NaOH, optimizing akupera fineness, zamchere leaching ndende, nthawi, ndi kutentha, ndiyeno kuchita cyanidation ndi yoyenera NaCN ndende ndi cyanidation nthawi, cyanide leaching mlingo wawonjezeka kuchokera pachiyambi 47.62% mpaka 85.04%. Munkhani ina, mu gawo la golide wokhala ndi zida zovuta za ore, pambuyo pa pretreatment acid ndi kuwotcha pretreatment, ndiyeno kusintha Zikhalidwe za Cyanidation, kubweza golide kunasintha kwambiri, ndipo kumwa kwa cyanide kunachepetsedwa bwino.

6. Kutsiliza

Kukonzanitsa zonse - slime cyanidation process for arsenic - antimony vein - ores amtundu wa golide wofalitsidwa ndi njira yabwino yopititsira patsogolo kutulutsa golide ndikuchepetsa mtengo wopanga. Posankha njira zoyenera zodzitetezera monga kutulutsa kwa alkaline, pretreatment acid, ndi kuwotcha, ndikuwongolera mikhalidwe ya cyanidation kuphatikiza cyanide concentration, pH value, cyanidation time, and using oxidizing agents, kusintha kwakukulu kutha kutheka pamlingo wa golide wotulutsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito reagent. Migodi ya golidi yosiyana siyana iyenera kusankha njira zokwaniritsira malingana ndi mikhalidwe yawoyawo ya ore kuti ipindule bwino kwambiri pazachuma ndi chilengedwe.