Kafukufuku Woyesera pa Njira Zochiritsira za Cyanide-Poor Liquid mu Mgodi wa Golide

Introduction

M'makampani a migodi ya golide, chithandizo cha cyanide-madzi osauka ndi ofunika kwambiri. Madzi osauka a cyanide, monga yankho pambuyo pochotsa golide mu njira ya cyanidation, amakhala ndi zowononga zosiyanasiyana, makamaka mankhwala a cyanide, omwe angayambitse kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe ngati sikusamalidwa bwino. Chifukwa chake, kupanga zogwira mtima komanso zotsika mtengo Njira zochiritsira chifukwa cyanide-osauka madzi ndi ntchito yachangu. Cholemba ichi chabulogu chimayang'ana pa kafukufuku woyesera wa njira zochiritsira zamadzimadzi osowa cyanide mwanjira inayake Mgodi wagolide, ndicholinga chopereka zidziwitso zofunikira ndi maumboni amakampani.

Mwachidule Njira Zothandizira Zamadzimadzi za Cyanide-Poor Liquid

Nthawi zambiri, njira zochizira zamadzimadzi osauka a cyanide zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: njira zoyeretsera ndi njira zochira (kubadwanso).

Njira Zoyeretsera

1.Alkali-Chlorine Oxidation Njira

• Iyi ndi njira yachidule yowononga cyanides m'madzi onyansa ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzomera za electroplating, zomera zokokera, ndi zomera zosungunula golide. Pansi pa pH 11 - 12. Cyanides ndi ayoni zitsulo zovuta mu sianide munali madzi oipa ndi oxidized mu cyanates, ndiyeno klorini anawonjezera kachiwiri kuti oxidize iwo mu carbon dioxide, asafe, etc.

• ubwino: Ndondomekoyi ndi yokhwima, imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino za mankhwala komanso ntchito zambiri. Njira yochiritsira imatha kukhala yokhayokha.

• kuipa: Cyanides sangathe kubwezeretsedwanso, mtengo wa mankhwala ndi wokwera, ndipo sungathe kuchotsa ma iron-cyanide complexes. Palinso vuto la kuipitsidwa kwachiŵiri.

2.Sulfur Dioxide - Njira Yopangira Mpweya

• Mu chidebe chogwedezeka, madzi otayika amawonjezedwa, ndipo mpweya ndi SO₂ (madzi kapena gasi, kapena sulfite solution, kapena zopezedwa mwa kuwotcha sulfure ya elemental) zimayambitsidwa. PH imayendetsedwa pa 7 - 10. ndipo laimu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti asawononge asidi opangidwa panthawi ya okosijeni. Zomwe zimafuna kukhalapo kwa mkuwa wosungunuka (monga chothandizira).

• Njira ya Inco - SO₂/air oxidation imatha kuwola ma cyanides onse, kuphatikiza iron-cyanides, ndi iron-cyanides amatha kuthamangitsidwa ndikuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zotetezeka komanso zotsika mtengo.

3.Hydrogen Peroxide Njira

• Njirayi ndiyoyenera kuthira madzi otsika okhala ndi cyanide okhala ndi cyanide. Hydrogen peroxide imatha kuyimitsa cyanide m'michira kukhala yofooka komanso yosavuta kupanga hydrolyzed cyanic acid (HCNO), yomwe imachotsedwa ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni winanso ndi hydrolysis.

4.Ozone Oxidation Njira

• Ozone ndi amphamvu oxidizing wothandizira. Akagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza madzi onyansa okhala ndi cyanide, amakhala okwanira kuposa njira ya alkali-chlorine oxidation, yokhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zochotsa cyanide. Pambuyo pa ozonation, mpweya wosungunuka m'madzi onyansa umawonjezeka, womwe ukhoza kubwezeretsedwanso ku dongosolo la cyanidation kuti libwezeretsedwe, kuwongolera kusungunuka kwa golide ndikuwongolera bwino kutulutsa golide.

• ubwino: Opaleshoniyo ndi yosavuta komanso yosavuta, yosavuta kuwongolera, ndipo kuchuluka kwa makina opanga ndi apamwamba. Ozone ikhoza kupangidwa pamalopo, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa zomera za cyanidation zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuyenda koma mphamvu zokwanira. Kuchita bwino kwa kuyeretsa ndikokwera, ndipo palibe kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri komwe kumapangidwa.

• kuipa: Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu popanga ozoni ndi kwakukulu, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera, zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kwakukulu.

5.Electrolytic Oxidation Njira

• Musanayambe electrolysis, choyamba kusintha pH ya madzi osauka cyanide kukhala> 7. kuwonjezera pang'ono mchere, ntchito graphite monga anode ndi titaniyamu mbale monga cathode, ndi ntchito zamchere mkuwa - nthaka amadzimadzi njira monga electrolyte. Pamene mphamvu yachindunji idutsa, mkuwa wachitsulo ndi zinki zimapangidwira pa cathode, ndipo haidrojeni imapangidwanso. Pa anode, CN⁻ imalowetsedwa mu CNO⁻, CO₂, N₂, ndipo Cl⁻ imalowetsedwa mu Cl₂, ndipo Cl₂ imalowetsa yankho kuti ipange HClO.

6.Microbial Oxidation Njira

• Njira imeneyi imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya biochemical ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti iwononge cyanides, thiocyanates, ndi iron-cyanides, kupanga ammonia, carbon dioxide, ndi sulfates, kapena hydrolyzing cyanides kukhala formamide. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mabakiteriya adsorb heavy metal ayoni, kuwachititsa kugwa ndi biofilm ndi kuchotsedwa.

• Chofunika Kwambiri: Kutentha kumafunika kusamalidwa pamwamba pa 10 ℃ nthawi zonse kuti pakhale kuchotsera kwa cyanide.

Kubwezeretsa (Kubadwanso) Njira

1.Njira ya Acidification

• Mfundo yaikulu ya njirayi ndikuwonjezera sulfuric acid kumadzi onyansa okhala ndi cyanide, kusintha pH kufika pafupifupi 1.5. ndikusintha CN⁻ kukhala HCN. Mpweya wothawa wa HCN umalowetsedwa mu chotengera ndikumwedwa ndi njira ya alkaline (sodium hydroxide kapena calcium hydroxide solution) kuti apeze yankho la 20% - 30% la cyanide, lomwe lingathe kubwezeretsedwanso.

• ubwino: Izi zitha kukulitsa kuchira kwa ma cyanides, kupititsa patsogolo kuchuluka kwa ma cyanides, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira.

• kuipa: Mtengo wa nthawi imodzi ndi waukulu, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake ndi kovuta, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuti madzi otsalira omwe ali ndi cyanide akwaniritse miyezo yotulutsidwa.

2.Ion Kusinthana Njira

• Pochiza madzi osauka a cyanide, utomoni wosinthanitsa ndi ion ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulemeretsa ma cyanides.

3.Adsorption Njira

• Adayambitsa Carbon Adsorption: Kutengeka kwa mpweya woyatsidwa makamaka kumadalira ma pores ake ambiri amkati ndi malo akuluakulu enieni. Njira yotsatsa imaphatikizapo kutsatsa kwakuthupi komanso kutsatsa kwamankhwala. Kuchotsa cyanide makamaka kuli ndi njira zitatu: oxidation, hydrolysis, ndi kuchotsa. Njira yayikulu ndikuwola kwa okosijeni kwa ma cyanides m'madzi onyansa okhala ndi sianidi okhala ndi hydrogen peroxide pamwamba pa kaboni.

4.Njira Yochotsera Zosungunulira

• Zosungunulira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zinthu zofunika kwambiri komanso ma cyanides kuchokera kumadzi osauka a cyanide.

5.Liquid Membrane Njira

• Pochiza madzi osauka a cyanide, mafuta - mu - madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka. Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti: choyamba, acidify madzi onyansa okhala ndi cyanide kuti asinthe ma cyanide ions mmenemo kukhala HCN. HCN imadutsa mumafuta - gawo lamadzimadzi kulowa mu gawo lamadzi amkati kenako imakumana ndi NaOH kupanga NaCN.

6.Electrodialysis Njira

• Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito gawo lamagetsi kuyendetsa kusamuka kwa ayoni kudzera mu nembanemba ya ion - kusinthana kuti tikwaniritse kulekanitsa ndi kuchira kwa zinthu.

Kafukufuku Woyeserera pa Mgodi Wagolide wa Cyanide-Poor Liquid

Mbiri ya Kuyesera

Madzi opanda cyanide a mu mgodi wina wa golidi amakhala ndi cyanide yochuluka kwambiri, kufika pa 13000mg/L. Cyanide yapamwamba yotereyi - yomwe ili ndi madzi otayira imakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu ku chilengedwe ndipo imafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala.

Njira Zoyesera

1.H₂O₂ + ClO₂ + C Adsorption Njira

• Munjira iyi, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) ndi chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) amagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba ngati okosijeni kuti azitha kutulutsa ma cyanides mu cyanide - madzi osakwanira. Kenako, activated carbon (C) adsorption ikuchitika kuti apitirize kuchotsa zowononga zotsalazo.

2.Three - Stage Oxidation (H₂O₂ + Catalyst “M”) + Chlorination Aeration + C Adsorption Method

• Atatu - Gawo la Oxidation: Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) ndi chothandizira china "M" amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga masitepe atatu. Izi ndi kuonetsetsa kuti makutidwe ndi okosijeni amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cyanide, kuphatikiza ma cyanides ovuta.

• Chlorination Aeration: Pambuyo pa masitepe atatu oxidation, chlorination aeration imachitika. Chlorine imalowetsedwa mumadzimadzi ikamapuma, yomwe imatha kuwonjezera ma oxidize otsala a cyanide - ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimawonongeka.

• C Adsorption: Pomaliza, activated carbon adsorption ntchito adsorb otsala zabwino - grained zoipitsa ndi yotsalira cyanide - zinthu zokhudzana ndi kukwaniritsa cholinga kuyeretsa cyanide - osauka madzi.

Zotsatira Zoyesera ndi Kufananiza

1.H₂O₂ + ClO₂ + C Adsorption Njira

• Njira imeneyi akwaniritsa mlingo wina wa sianidi kuchotsa, koma chomaliza okwana sianidi zili mu mankhwala madzi akadali ndi mkulu, kulephera kukwaniritsa okhwima dziko kumaliseche mfundo.

2.Three - Stage Oxidation (H₂O₂ + Catalyst “M”) + Chlorination Aeration + C Adsorption Method

• Njirayi idawonetsa zotsatira zokhutiritsa. Zomaliza zomaliza za cyanide zidachepetsedwa kukhala 0.44mg / L, zomwe zimakwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe zili ndi zitsulo zina zolemera zinakumananso ndi zofunikira zamtundu uliwonse.

• Mtengo - Kuchita bwino: Pankhani ya mtengo, ngakhale kuti njira zitatu za okosijeni zomwe zimakhala ndi chothandizira ndi zowonjezera chlorination aeration zimafuna ntchito zovuta kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zopangira zina ndi klorini, ponseponse, poyerekeza ndi njira zina zovuta kwambiri kapena zotsika mtengo, mtengo wake ndi wololera. Imatha kuchiza cyanide yapamwamba - yamadzimadzi osakwanira ndikuwongolera mtengo wovomerezeka.

Kutsiliza

Kuchiza kwa cyanide - madzi osakwanira m'migodi ya golide ndi ntchito yovuta koma yofunika kwambiri. Kupyolera mu kafukufuku woyesera pa cyanide - madzi osauka a mgodi wina wa golide, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira zimakhala ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zawo. Njira zitatu za okosijeni (H₂O₂ + chothandizira “M”) + chlorination aeration + C adsorption njira imawonetsa zotsatira zabwino zochiritsira komanso mtengo wake - mphamvu ya cyanide - madzi osakwanira okhala ndi sianidi wambiri mumgodi wagolide uyu. Komabe, kufufuza kosalekeza ndi kuwongolera zikufunikabe mtsogolomo kuti pakhale njira zochiritsira zogwira mtima, zotsika mtengo, komanso zosamalira zachilengedwe kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zachitetezo cha chilengedwe ndi chitukuko chokhazikika mumakampani amigodi golide.