Sodium Cyanide (NaCN): Kupanga ndi Ntchito Zosiyanasiyana

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Kufunika kwake kuli m'makhalidwe ake apadera a mankhwala omwe amamuthandiza kuchita ntchito zofunika kwambiri monga kupanga zinthu zachilengedwe, kuyeretsa zitsulo, ndi zina zambiri.

I. Ntchito za NaCN

A. Kaphatikizidwe ka organic

NaCN imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zachilengedwe. Imagwira ntchito ngati chothandizira chachikulu popanga ma bond a Carbon -carbon, zomwe zimathandiza akatswiri a zamankhwala kupanga mamolekyu ovuta achilengedwe. Izi ndizofunikira popanga mankhwala, mankhwala abwino, ndi mankhwala ena ambiri achilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, popanga mankhwala ena, NaCN imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa magulu enaake ogwira ntchito, omwe ndi ofunikira kuti mankhwalawa agwire bwino ntchito.

B. Kuyenga Golide ndi Siliva

Mu makampani opanga migodi, NaCN imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuchotsa ndi kuyenga golide ndi siliva. Njirayi, yomwe imadziwika kuti cyanidation, imaphatikizapo kusungunula golide ndi siliva kuchokera m'matanthwe awo mu yankho la Sodium Cyanide . Njirayi ndi yothandiza kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'migodi yayikulu padziko lonse lapansi. Imalola kulekanitsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ndi mchere wina womwe ulipo mumkuwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale golide ndi siliva woyera kwambiri.

C. Electroplating

NaCN ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga ma electroplating. Zimathandiza kuyika chitsulo chochepa kwambiri pa gawo lapansi. Mu electroplating, ma cyanide ions mu NaCN complex ndi ayoni achitsulo, kuwongolera mawonekedwe awo a yunifolomu pamwamba pa chinthu chomwe chikukutidwa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zitsulo zikhale zosalala komanso zotsatizana, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zokongoletsa, kuteteza dzimbiri, ndikuwongolera kayendedwe ka magetsi ka chinthu chophwanyika.

D. Ntchito Zina

Kuphatikiza pazomwe tafotokozazi, NaCN imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kutentha kwachitsulo kuti isinthe mawonekedwe azitsulo. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga utoto, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, monga choletsa chosankha muzitsulo zopanda chitsulo zoyandama, popanga utomoni wa methyl methacrylate, komanso popanga potaziyamu ferrocyanide (yellow prussiate wa potashi).

II. Zida Zofunika Kwambiri Zopangira NaCN

A. Hydrocyanic Acid

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zopangira NaCN ndi hydrocyanic acid (HCN). Pakadali pano, gawo lalikulu la hydrocyanic acid limapezeka ngati chopangidwa kuchokera ku acrylonitrile (CH₂=CHCN). Mu njira yopangira acrylonitrile, kuchuluka kwa hydrocyanic acid yopangidwa kuchokera ku chinthu chimodzi ndi pafupifupi 10% ya kuchuluka kwa acrylonitrile. Chopangidwacho chimakonzedwanso kuti chipange NaCN.

B. Njira Zina

M'madera omwe zinthu zili bwino, hydrocyanic acid imathanso kupangidwa kuchokera ku gasi ndi ammonia. Njira ina iyi imapereka gwero lina la hydrocyanic acid pakupanga kwa NaCN. Kaphatikizidwe ka hydrocyanic acid kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira izi kumaphatikizapo zovuta zamagulu zomwe zimafunikira momwe zinthu zimachitikira komanso zopangira.

Pomaliza, sodium cyanide ndi mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Kupanga kwa NaCN kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri, makamaka hydrocyanic acid, zomwe zimachokera ku acrylonitrile kapena zopangidwa kuchokera ku mpweya wachilengedwe ndi ammonia. Pamene mafakitale akupitilizabe kusintha, kufunika kwa NaCN pothandizira njira zosiyanasiyana zamakemikolo kungapitirire.