Udindo wa Sodium Cyanide ndi Protective Alkali mu Cyanidation Leaching process

Introduction

Cyanidation leaching ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito yamigodi pochotsa golide ndi siliva kuchokera ku miyala. Munjira iyi, Sodium cyanide ndi Chitetezo cha alkali sewera maudindo ofunikira. Kumvetsetsa ntchito zawo ndikofunikira pakukhathamiritsa njira ya cyanidation, kukonza mitengo yobwezeretsa zitsulo, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

Udindo wa Sodium Cyanide

Kusungunula Golide ndi Siliva

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) imagwira ntchito ngati woyambitsa leaching mu njira ya cyanidation. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikusungunula golide ndi siliva mkati mwa ore, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zitsulo zosungunuka za cyanide. Pamaso pa oxygen ndi madzi, Sodium Cyanide amachitira ndi golide ndi siliva. Izi zimatembenuza zitsulo kukhala zinthu zomwe zimatha kusungunuka mosavuta mumadzi amadzimadzi, omwe ndi ofunikira kwambiri Cyanidation leaching ndondomeko.

Kusintha kwa Leaching Rate

Kuzunza kwa sodium cyanide mu njira yothetsera leaching imakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa golide ndi siliva. Nthawi zambiri, mkati mwamtundu wina, kuwonjezeka kwa sodium cyanide ndende kumathandizira kuchuluka kwa leaching. Ma cyanide ions ochulukirapo amatanthawuza kuti ma reactants ambiri omwe amapezeka kuti asungunuke, motero amalimbikitsa mapangidwe azitsulo za cyanide. Komabe, kuchulukirachulukira kwa sodium cyanide kumabweretsa kukwera mtengo komanso kuopsa kwa chilengedwe. Kuonjezera apo, cyanide yochuluka imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi zigawo zina mu ore, monga zitsulo zina za sulfide. Izi zimawononga cyanide, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu yake pakusungunula golide ndi siliva.

Kuchita ndi Zida Zina mu Ore

Ore ali ndi zonyansa zosiyanasiyana ndi zigawo zina kupatula golidi ndi siliva, ndipo sodium cyanide imatha kuyanjana ndi zinthu izi, zomwe zimakhudza njira ya cyanidation. Mwachitsanzo, mchere wamkuwa mu ore umachita ndi sodium cyanide kupanga copper cyanide complexes, kudya cyanide panthawiyi. Zochita ndi mchere wosiyanasiyana wamkuwa zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala. Mchere wina wa mkuwa wa sulfide, monga chalcopyrite, umachita ndi cyanide pamaso pa mpweya, kupanga cyanide yamkuwa ndi sulfure - yomwe ili ndi - mankhwala. Izi sizimangochepetsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide yomwe imapezeka posungunula golide ndi siliva komanso zimatha kupanga zinthu zomwe zimasokoneza njira zobwezeretsa zitsulo.

Udindo wa Chitetezo cha Alkali

Kusunga Kukhazikika kwa Cyanide Solution

Imodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri za alkali zoteteza ndikusunga kukhazikika kwa yankho la cyanide. Ma cyanide ions mu njira amatha hydrolysis, makamaka m'malo acidic. Pa hydrolysis, ma cyanide ayoni amatha kupanga haidrojeni cyanide, mpweya wapoizoni kwambiri komanso wosakhazikika. Izi sizimangoyambitsa kutayika kwa cyanide komanso zimawopseza kwambiri chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu. Ma alkali oteteza, monga calcium hydroxide (laimu), sodium hydroxide, kapena potaziyamu hydroxide, amawonjezera pH ya yankho. Pokweza pH, amasuntha kufanana kwamankhwala m'njira yomwe imachepetsa hydrolysis ya cyanide, kuwonetsetsa kuti njira ya cyanidation ikugwira ntchito ndikuchepetsa kumwa kwa cyanide chifukwa cha hydrolysis.

Kuchepetsa Kuwonongeka kwa Mchere Wowopsa

Ore ikhoza kukhala ndi mchere womwe umawononga njira ya cyanidation, monga pyrrhotite. Mcherewu umakhudzidwa ndi cyanide ndi mpweya, kuwononga zinthu zofunikazi ndikusokoneza kusungunuka kwa golide ndi siliva. Pamene chitetezo cha alkali chiwonjezedwa panthawi yogaya ore, chimatha kutulutsa mchere woopsa kapena kuwapangitsa kuti apange ma precipitates, kuwachotsa bwino. Mwachitsanzo, pamaso pa laimu, pyrrhotite akhoza oxidized, kuchititsa mapangidwe iron hydroxide precipitates ndi sulfure - munali mankhwala. Izi zimachepetsa kuwononga kwa mchere woyipa pa cyanidation, kumapangitsa kuti golide ndi siliva azitulutsa bwino.

Kusintha pH Mtengo wa Zamkati

Phindu la pH la zamkati panthawi ya cyanidation ndilofunika kwambiri, ndipo alkali yoteteza imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti isinthe kuti ikhale yoyenera. Pazinthu zambiri za cyanidation, pH pakati pa 9 ndi 12 nthawi zambiri imakhala yabwino. Mkati mwamtunduwu, yankho la cyanide limakhalabe lokhazikika, ndipo kusungunuka kwa golidi ndi siliva kumayenda bwino. Ngati pH ili yotsika kwambiri, cyanide hydrolysis imakhala yofunika kwambiri, ndikuchepetsa kutsika kwa golide ndi siliva. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pH yomwe ili yokwera kwambiri imatha kusokoneza maonekedwe a particles ore ndi momwe ma kinetics a golide ndi siliva asungunuka. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya alkali yoteteza ingasankhidwe potengera mawonekedwe enieni a ore. Laimu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino pazochitika zambiri. Pamene ntchito laimu monga zoteteza zamchere, nthawi zambiri anawonjezera mu mawonekedwe a laimu mkaka kuti bwino kulamulira Kuwonjezera kuchuluka ndi anachita ndondomeko.

Kuyanjana pakati pa Sodium Cyanide ndi Alkali Yoteteza

Ntchito za sodium cyanide ndi alkali zoteteza zimalumikizana kwambiri mu njira ya cyanidation leaching. Kuteteza zamchere kumatsimikizira kukhazikika kwa sodium cyanide solution, ndikupangitsa kuti isungunuke bwino golide ndi siliva. Nthawi yomweyo, kupezeka kwa sodium cyanide mu yankho kumakhudza mphamvu ya alkali yoteteza. Zochita za sodium cyanide ndi zigawo zina za ore zimatha kusintha pH ya yankho, ndipo zoteteza zamchere ziyenera kusintha pH kuti zikhalebe bwino. Chiŵerengero choyenera cha sodium cyanide ndi alkali yoteteza ndizofunikira. Kuchulukitsitsa kwa alkali woteteza kumatha kupangitsa kuti mukhale wamchere wambiri, zomwe zingawononge ma cyanidation reaction. Komano, alkali wosakwanira woteteza, amalephera kutsimikizira kukhazikika kwa yankho la cyanide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cyanide ichuluke ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya leaching. Chifukwa chake, muzochita zenizeni za cyanidation, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira mosamalitsa Mlingo wa sodium cyanide ndi zoteteza zamchere molingana ndi mawonekedwe a ore ndi zofunika pakukonza kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.

Kutsiliza

Mu cyanidation leaching process, sodium cyanide ndi zoteteza alkali zonse ndizofunikira. Sodium cyanide ndi yomwe imayambitsa kusungunula golide ndi siliva, pomwe alkali yoteteza imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakusunga kukhazikika kwa yankho la cyanide, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mchere woyipa, komanso kusintha pH ya zamkati. Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera komanso moyenera zinthu ziwirizi ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera njira ya cyanidation, kukweza kubweza kwa golide ndi siliva, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira. Oyendetsa migodi amayenera kusanthula mosamala mawonekedwe a ore ndikuyesa mayeso oyenera kuti adziwe momwe angagwiritsire ntchito sodium cyanide ndi zoteteza zamchere kuti zitsimikizire kuti cyanidation leaching ikugwira ntchito moyenera komanso mokhazikika.