Kugwira Ntchito ndi Njira Yoyendera ya Cyanidation Vat Leaching Njira ya Migodi ya Golide

1. Introduction

The Cyanidation vat leaching njira ndi njira yofunika kwambiri pakukumba golide pochotsa golide m'miyala. Njirayi ili ndi momwe ikugwiritsidwira ntchito komanso njira zotsatiridwa bwino, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuchotsa golide.

2. Ntchito Yofikira

2.1 Chofunikira Chakukula kwa Particle

Mafuta a golide oyenerera njira yochotsera vat nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi golide wabwino kwambiri. Pamene tinthu tagolide mu ore ndi zabwino kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta kuzilekanitsa mwa njira zosavuta zolekanitsa thupi monga kulekanitsa mphamvu yokoka. Zikatero, njira ya cyanidation vat leaching ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mu oksidi - mtundu wa golide wa ores, golide nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati njere zabwino, zomwe zimatha kuthandizidwa bwino ndi leaching ya vat.

2.2 Zofunikira za Ore

Njirayi ndi yoyenera makamaka kwa ores otsika kwambiri kapena otsika kwambiri - otsika kwambiri. Kwa miyala yamtengo wapatali ya golide, njira zogwiritsira ntchito bwino komanso zocheperapo - zowononga nthawi zitha kukhala zabwino. Komabe, kwa ore otsika pomwe golide pa yuniti imodzi ya ore ndi yocheperako, njira yotsitsa vat imathabe kutulutsa chuma pamikhalidwe ina. Kutsika mtengo kwa njira yoperekera vat kumapangitsa kukhala njira yabwino yopangira ore ngati awa.

2.3 Zofunikira za Ore Permeability

Ores omwe sangalowetse bwino ndi oyeneranso kutulutsa matope. Ngati ore ali ndi permeability bwino, ndi cyanide Njira yothetsera vutoli imatha kudutsa muzitsulo mwachangu kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pasakhale nthawi yolumikizana pakati pa cyanide ndi golide, motero kuchepetsa kutsika kwa golide. Mosiyana ndi izi, kwa ore omwe ali ndi vuto losalowerera bwino, njira yotulutsa vat imatha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe kake komanso nthawi yolumikizana ndi yankho la cyanide mu ore kuti zitsimikizire zotsatira zabwino. Mwachitsanzo, iron oxide - capping - ores yamtundu wokhala ndi golide woyengedwa bwino ndi quartz oxidized - vein - mtundu wa ores wokhala ndi golide wonyezimira nthawi zambiri amakhala wocheperako pang'ono ndipo ndi oyenera kutulutsa vat. Njira yochotsera vat imatha kupindula ndi 70 - 90% ya ores otere.

3. Njira Yoyenda

3.1 Kukonzekera kwa Mitsuko Yoboola

Mitsuko yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga izi nthawi zambiri imakhala yopangidwa ndi zinthu monga matabwa, chitsulo, kapena konkriti. Pansi pa vat imatha kukhala yosalala kapena yopendekera pang'ono, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amatha kukhala ozungulira, amakona anayi, kapena masikweya. Mkati mwa vat, pansi zabodza zopangidwa ndi asidi perforated - mbale zosagwira zimayikidwa. Nsalu yosefera imayikidwa pansi pake, ndipo gululi lopangidwa ndi matabwa kapena dzimbiri - zitsulo zosagwira ntchito zimaphimbidwa pa nsalu yosefera. Pansi pabodza amasefa ndikuthandizira zitsulo. Musanayambe ntchito yotulutsa leaching, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti zitsulo, makamaka zotayira ndi zotayirira - zamadzimadzi, sizingalowetsedwe komanso zouma.

3.2 Ore Pretreatment - Kuphwanya ndi Kuwunika

Golide wokumbidwa - wokhala ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali amafunika kuphwanyidwa mpaka kukula kwake. Choyamba, ores amadyetsedwa mu gawo lophwanyidwa kuti adzilekanitse mosavuta. Kutengera kukula kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono, pali coarse - kuphwanya, sing'anga - kuphwanya, ndi kuphwanya bwino ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, nsagwada crusher ntchito coarse - kuphwanya, amene angathe kuchepetsa tinthu kukula pafupifupi 50 - 100mm. Kenako, chophwanya chulucho ntchito sing'anga - kuphwanya ndi zabwino - kuphwanya ntchito, kuchepetsa tinthu kukula kwa osiyanasiyana 5 - 25mm. Pambuyo kuphwanya, ores ndi kuonedwa ndi kugwedera chophimba kuonetsetsa yunifolomu tinthu kukula. Ores owoneka bwino omwe samakwaniritsa zofunikira amabwezeretsedwa ku chopondapo kuti aphwanyidwenso, ndipo ores oyenerera amalowa gawo lotsatira.

3.3 Njira ya Leaching

1. Kukweza Ores mu Vat: Ma ore ophwanyidwa ndi owunikiridwa amalowetsedwa mumtsuko wa leaching.

2. Kukonzekera Njira Yopangira Leaching: Mu vat wosauka, yankho la alkaline cyanide limakonzedwa ngati chotsitsa. Kuphatikizika kwa yankho la cyanide nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa mkati mwamitundu ina, nthawi zambiri 0.05% - 0.1%, yomwe imatsimikiziridwa kudzera pakuyesa molingana ndi zinthu zina za ore. ndende imeneyi akhoza kuonetsetsa imayenera golide m'zigawo pamene kuchepetsa kukhudza chilengedwe.

3. Leaching Operation: Njira yothetsera leaching yokonzedwa imaponyedwa mu leaching vat. Pa nthawi ya leaching njira, leaching njira pang'onopang'ono amalowa mu ore wosanjikiza. Golide mu ore amakhudzidwa ndi cyanide mu njira yothetsera mpweya (nthawi zambiri, mpweya umalowetsedwa mu vat). Equation yayikulu yamankhwala ndi: \(4Au + 8NaCN+O_2 + 2H_2O = 4Na[Au(CN)_2]+4NaOH\). Pochita izi, golide amapanga golide wosungunuka - cyanide complexes ndikusungunula mu yankho. Nthawi ya leaching ndi yayitali, nthawi zambiri imayambira masiku angapo mpaka milungu ingapo, kutengera zinthu monga momwe chitsulocho chilili, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, komanso kuchuluka kwa njira yochotsera. Munthawi ya leaching, ndikofunikira kuwona pafupipafupi njira ya leaching, pH ya yankho, ndi golide munjirayo kuti muwonetsetse kuti momwe leaching imayendera pamikhalidwe yabwino.

3.4 Kupatukana kwa Golide - Bearing Solution (Rich - Liquid)

Pamene leaching ifika nthawi inayake komanso kupyolera mu kuzindikira, pamene ndende ndi kalasi ya madzi akukumana ndi zofunika, golide - kubala njira (wolemera - madzi) amatulutsidwa pansi pa vat. Madzi olemera - amakhala ndi golide wosungunuka - cyanide complexes ndipo akuyenera kukonzedwanso kuti apezenso golide.

3.5 Kubwezeretsa Golide

1. Zinc Powder (Mapepala) Njira Yosamutsira: Njira imodzi wamba kwa Kubwezeretsa golide ndi njira yosinthira ufa wa zinc (mapepala). Zinc ali ndi mphamvu yochepetsera kuposa golide. Zinc ufa kapena pepala la zinc likawonjezedwa kwa olemera - madzi, kusamuka kumachitika. Chemical reaction equation ndi: \(2Na[Au(CN)_2]+Zn = 2Au+Na_2[Zn(CN)_4]\). Golide amachotsedwa ku golidi - cyanide complex ndi zinki ndipo amalowa mu mawonekedwe a tinthu zolimba. Pambuyo pa kusamutsidwa, kusakaniza kolimba - kwamadzimadzi kumasefedwa kuti mupeze golide - wokhala ndi zolimba, zomwe zimakonzedwanso kuti zisungunuke.

2. Njira Yopangira Carbon Adsorption: Njira ina ndi activated carbon adsorption. Mpweya wopangidwa ndi activated uli ndi malo akuluakulu apadera komanso mphamvu zotsatsa. Madzi olemera amadutsa pagawo lodzaza ndi kaboni. Ma complexes agolide - cyanide mu yankho amalowetsedwa pamwamba pa kaboni. Pambuyo pa adsorption, carbon activated ndi adsorbed golide (yodzaza - carbon) imasiyanitsidwa ndi yankho. Kenako, kaboni wodzaza - amapatsidwa chithandizo cha desorption. Nthawi zambiri, yankho la desorption (monga kusakaniza kwa sodium hydroxide ndi Sodium Cyanide) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula golide kuchokera ku carbon activated pa kutentha kwina ndi kupanikizika. The desorbed golide - munali njira ndiye electrolyzed kupeza golide.

3.6 Chithandizo cha Michira ndi Zinyalala Zamadzimadzi

1. Chithandizo cha Tailings: Pambuyo pochira golide, michira yotsalayo imakhalabe ndi kuchuluka kwa cyanide ndi zonyansa zina. Kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zachitetezo cha chilengedwe, ma tailings amayenera kuthandizidwa. Njira imodzi yodziwika bwino ndikuwonjezera ma reagents monga sodium metabisulfite ndi copper sulfate ku tailings kuti awole ndikuchotsa cyanide. Pambuyo pa chithandizo, ma tailings amatha kusungidwa bwino kapena kukonzedwanso.

2. Zinyalala - Chithandizo chamadzimadzi: Zinyalala - zamadzimadzi zomwe zimapangidwa panthawiyi zimakhalanso ndi cyanide ndi zinthu zina zovulaza. Iyenera kuthandizidwa kudzera m'njira monga mvula yamankhwala, kusinthana ma ion, ndi chithandizo chachilengedwe kuti achepetse zomwe zili muzinthu zovulaza kuti zikwaniritse miyezo yapadziko lonse yotulutsa zisanatulutsidwe.

4. Kutsiliza

Njira ya cyanidation vat leaching ili ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera pantchito yamigodi ya golide, makamaka pazitsulo zagolide zowoneka bwino, zotsika, komanso zotsika kwambiri. Kupyolera mu njira zingapo zokhwima, njira iyi imatha kuchotsa golide kuchokera ku ore. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito cyanide pochita izi, chitetezo chokhazikika komanso chitetezo cha chilengedwe chiyenera kuchitidwa kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito ndikuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe. Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza chaukadaulo wa migodi, kuwongolera kwina ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa njirayi kukuyembekezeka kupititsa patsogolo kutulutsa kwa golide ndikuchepetsa mtengo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chilengedwe chimagwirizana.