Zotsatira za Mchere Wogwirizana pa Njira Yotulutsa Cyanide

Introduction

Kuchotsa mchere wa cyanide ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa golide ndi siliva kuchokera ku miyala. Komabe, kupezeka kwa Minerals yosiyanasiyana mu miyalayi kungakhudze kwambiri magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito a njirayi. Kumvetsetsa zotsatira izi ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukonza bwino ntchito zochotsa mchere wa cyanide ndikubwezeretsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali.

Ma Iron Minerals

Mnyamata

Pyrite ndi mchere wamba wachitsulo ndi sulfide mu miyala yokhala ndi golide. Pakuchotsedwa kwa cyanide, pyrite ikalowa m'mimba, imatha kusungunuka kuti ipange ferrous sulfate. Sulfate iyi yachitsulo imachitapo kanthu ndi cyanide kuti ipange ferrocyanate. Izi zimadya Sodium Cyanide yambiri , yomwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuchotsedwa kwa golide. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi ntchito ya laimu ndi mpweya, pyrite imathanso kusintha kukhala sulfide yosungunuka, sulfure ya colloidal, kapena thiosulfate. Njira yosinthirayi imagwiritsa ntchito mpweya, womwe ndi wofunikira pakusungunuka kwa golide mu njira yochotsedwa kwa cyanide. Ponseponse, izi zimakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a golide ndi leaching.

Pyrrhotite

Pyrrhotite ndi mchere wina wachitsulo - sulfide womwe umakhudza leaching ya cyanide. Imakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi cyanide kupanga thiocyanate. Kuonjezera apo, ferrous sulphate yopangidwa kuchokera ku okosijeni yake imagwiranso ntchito ndi cyanide kupanga ferrocyanate. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pyrrhotite ingayambitse kuchepa kwakukulu kwa golidi - kusungunuka, mwachitsanzo, kuchepetsa ndi 28.1% nthawi zina. Zimapangitsanso kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kwa kumwa kwa cyanide, nthawi zambiri kuwirikiza kanayi.

Copper Minerals

Chalcopyrite ndi Chalcocite

Mchere wamkuwa monga chalcopyrite ndi chalcocite amakhudza kwambiri cyanide leaching. Cyanide solution imatha kusungunula mchere wamkuwa, koma kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kumasiyanasiyana. Chalcopyrite ndi yokhazikika pakati pa mchere wa copper sulfide, pamene chalcocite imakhala yowonjezereka. Mu cyanide solution, mkuwa mu mcherewu, nthawi zambiri mu divalent state, ndi wosakhazikika. Divalent copper imatulutsa cyanide, kusintha kukhala mkuwa wokhazikika ndikupanga ma complex okhala ndi cyanide mu zamkati. Kwa chalcocite, ingayambitse kuchepa kwakukulu kwa golidi - kusungunuka, mpaka 36.81% muzoyesera zina, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa khumi kwa cyanide.

Malachite (Copper Oxide Mineral)

Malachite ndi mkuwa wamba - oxide mineral. Imasungunuka mosavuta mu sodium - cyanide solution, yomwe imabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa cyanide. Zomwe zimachitika pakati pa malachite ndi cyanide zimagwiritsa ntchito ayoni ambiri a cyanide. Zotsatira zake, mchere wa copper sulfide ndi copper oxide ukhoza kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu pakuchotsa kwa cyanide - golide.

Arsenic Minerals

Realgar ndi Orpiment

Realgar ndi orpiment ndizowopsa ku leaching ya cyanide. Mu njira yamphamvu yamchere yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumiza cyanide, amapanga mankhwala monga thioarsenite. Thioarsenite amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi okosijeni mu njira yopangira arsenite, kuwononga mpweya wambiri mu mineral slurry. Komanso, mchere wa arsenic ukathiridwa okosijeni mu yankho, filimu yopangidwa ndi arsenic imapangidwa pamwamba pa tinthu tagolide. Filimuyi imayimitsa mwachindunji golide kuti asagwirizane ndi cyanide, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kusungunuka kwa golide. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti realgar ndi orpiment amatha kuchepetsa golide - kusungunuka kwa 41.95% ndi 49.90% motsatira, ndikuwonjezera kumwa kwa cyanide ndi 13.8 nthawi ndi 15.0.

Arsenopyrite

Arsenopyrite ndi wamba arsenic - okhala ndi mchere. Mosiyana ndi realgar ndi orpiment, arsenopyrite imakhala yokhazikika mu dongosolo la cyanide. Ngakhale ili ndi arsenic, pansi pa cyanide yokhazikika - leaching, siwonongeka mosavuta ndipo motero imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pa cyanide leaching poyerekeza ndi mchere wina wa arsenic.

lead Minerals

Galena ndi Lead Alum

Galena ndi lead alum ndiye omwe amatsogolera - okhala ndi mchere mumigodi ya golide. Galena akhoza kukhala oxidized kuti atsogolere alum. Mu njira yamphamvu ya alkaline, lead alum imatha kutulutsa lead ya alkaline - mchere wa asidi, womwe umalumikizana ndi cyanide mu njira yopangira mphamvu yosasungunuka - alkaline cyanide. Mulingo wochepa wa mchere wotsogolera ungathandize kwenikweni kutulutsa kwa cyanide m'migodi ya golidi. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa mchere wamtovu kumakhudza golide - kuyendetsa bwino ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito cyanide ndipo mwina kupanga ma precipitates omwe angasokoneze kayendetsedwe kake.

Antimony - Muli Mchere

Stibnite

Stibnite ndiye antimoni wamkulu - wokhala ndi mchere wa sulfide. Mu cyanide - leaching process, zotsatira zake zoyipa ndizofanana ndi za orpiment. Imasungunuka mosavuta mu njira yamphamvu - ya alkaline kuti ipange thioantimonite, yomwe imasinthidwa kukhala antimonite. Kuphatikiza apo, tinthu tating'ono ta stibnite colloidal mu alkaline - cyanide solution imatha kumamatira pamwamba pa tinthu tagolide, kulepheretsa golide kusungunuka.

Zinthu za Carbon

Migodi ya golide ikhoza kukhala ndi zinthu za kaboni , kuphatikizapo kaboni wosapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe ndi kaboni wachilengedwe monga humic acid. Zinthu za kaboni izi zikapezeka, zimatha kuyamwa golide wosungunuka mu yankho la cyanide. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa golide wosungunuka mu yankho, chinthu chomwe chimadziwika kuti "kuba golide." Zinthu za kaboni zimapikisana ndi njira yochotsera golide wosungunuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide asapezekenso.

Njira Zochepetsera Kuwonongeka kwa Mchere Wogwirizana

Kukonzekera kwa Ores

• Kukonza Oxidation : Pa miyala yokhala ndi chitsulo - sulfide, arsenic, kapena antimony, kukonza oxidation kungakhale kothandiza. Kukonza oxidation kumawononga mcherewu, kumasula golide wotsekedwa ndikuchepetsa zotsatira zake zoyipa pa kuyamwa kwa cyanide. Njira zodziwika bwino zokonzera oxidation - zisanachitike zimaphatikizapo kuwotcha, kuponderezedwa kwa pressure, ndi bio - oxidation.

• Kuchotsa mkuwa : Pankhani ya miyala yokhala ndi mkuwa wambiri, kuchotsa mkuwa kungathe kuchitika. Mwa kuchotsa mkuwa musanachotse cyanide, kuchuluka kwa cyanide komwe kumadyedwa ndi mchere wa mkuwa kungachepetsedwe, motero kumawonjezera mphamvu ya kuchotsa golide cyanide.

Kukhathamiritsa kwa Cyanide - Leaching Conditions

• Kusintha Mlingo wa Reagent : Kutengera mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa mchere wogwirizana nawo, kuchuluka kwa cyanide ndi ma reagent ena kumatha kusinthidwa. Mwachitsanzo, pamene pali mchere wambiri wa mkuwa, kuwonjezera mlingo wa cyanide pang'ono pamene mukulamulira pH kungathandize kuonetsetsa kuti golide wasungunuka bwino.

• Kulamulira Mikhalidwe ya Zamkati : Kulamulira kuchuluka kwa zamkati, kutentha, ndi liwiro loyambitsa ndikofunikiranso. Kuchuluka kwa zamkati koyenera kumatsimikizira kuti cyanide ndi mpweya zimatha kufalikira bwino mu zamkati. Kusunga kutentha koyenera (nthawi zambiri 15 - 30 °C) kumayendetsa liwiro lomwe golide amasungunuka komanso kukhazikika kwa yankho la cyanide.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zowonjezera

• Zowonjezera Zoletsa Kuyanjana kwa Mineral : Zowonjezera monga mchere wa lead zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuletsa mchere wina woopsa kuti usagwirizane. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera lead acetate kumatha kuchita ndi ma sulfide ayoni chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mchere wokhala ndi sulfure, ndikupanga ma precipitates osasungunuka a lead-sulfide. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide ndi mpweya womwe mchere wokhala ndi sulfure umadya.

• Zokometsera Zopikisana : Pankhani ya miyala yokhala ndi zinthu za kaboni, kuwonjezera zokometsera zopikisana monga Activated Carbon panthawi yochotsa cyanide kungachepetse mphamvu ya "kuba golide". Kaboni yogwira ntchito imapikisana ndi kaboni mu miyala kuti ipeze golide wosungunuka, motero imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa golide wotulutsa.

Kutsiliza

Ma minerals okhudzana ndi golide ndi siliva amakhudza mosiyanasiyana komanso amakhudza kwambiri njira ya cyanide - leaching. Iron, mkuwa, arsenic, lead, antimony - okhala ndi mchere, ndi zinthu za kaboni zonse zimatha kusokoneza mphamvu ya leaching mwa kuwononga zotulutsa, kuletsa golide kuti asakhudze cyanide, kapena kuyamwa golide wosungunuka. Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zochiritsira, kukhathamiritsa kwa mikhalidwe ya leaching, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera, zovuta izi zitha kuchepetsedwa. Izi zimathandiza kuti golide ndi siliva azichotsa bwino kwambiri kuchokera ku miyala ya mineralized - mineralized ores, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zachuma za migodi.