Kafukufuku wa Cyanide-Muli Madzi Opanda Madzi Owonongeka ndi Kubwezeretsa Mwathunthu Zinthu Zamtengo Wapatali

Pankhani ya chitukuko cha mafakitale amakono, kupanga madzi otayira okhala ndi cyanide ndi chinthu chosapeŵeka m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo migodi, kupanga ma electroplating, ndi kupanga mankhwala. Madzi otayirawa sikuti amangoika chiwopsezo chachikulu ku chilengedwe ndi thanzi la anthu chifukwa cha poizoni wa cyanide komanso ali ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatali zomwe zingabwezeretsedwe, zomwe zimapereka ubwino ku chilengedwe komanso zachuma. Zotsatira zake, kafukufuku wokhudza chithandizo cha madzi otayira okhala ndi cyanide komanso kubwezeretsa kwathunthu zinthu zamtengo wapatali kwakhala nkhani yofunika kwambiri yokopa chidwi chachikulu kuchokera kwa akatswiri ndi mafakitale.

Kuchuluka kwa Madzi Onyansa Okhala ndi Cyanide

Cyanide ndi chinthu chapoizoni kwambiri chomwe chimasokoneza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito amthupi la munthu kupuma komanso kwamanjenje ngakhale pamlingo wochepa. Madzi otayira okhala ndi cyanide akatayidwa m'madzi achilengedwe popanda chithandizo choyenera, amatha kufa kwa zamoyo zam'madzi, kuwononga chilengedwe chamadzi, ndikuyipitsa nthaka ndi madzi apansi panthaka, ndikuwononga chilengedwe kwanthawi yayitali komanso kutali. Kuonjezera apo, pazachuma, kutaya kosayenera kwa madzi onyansa okhala ndi cyanide kumatanthauza kuwononga zinthu zamtengo wapatali, monga zitsulo zamtengo wapatali monga golidi, siliva, ndi zitsulo zolemera monga mkuwa, zinki, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'madzi onyansa.

Njira Zapamwamba Zochiritsira Madzi Opanda Cyanide

Chemical Oxidation Njira

Kusakaniza mankhwala ndi njira imodzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi otayira okhala ndi cyanide. Njira monga chlorination, ozonion, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito hydrogen peroxide zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, chlorination imagwiritsa ntchito chlorine kapena mankhwala ake kuti isungunuke ma ayoni a cyanide kukhala ma ayoni a cyanite ochepa poizoni, kenako nkuwasakanizanso mu Carbon dioxide ndi nayitrogeni pansi pa mikhalidwe yoyenera. Ozonation, yokhala ndi mphamvu yamphamvu yosakaniza, imatha kuwononga cyanide mwachangu, ndipo yankho lake limakhala lokwanira, kusiya zoipitsa zochepa. Njira izi zosakaniza mankhwala zimatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi otayira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akwaniritse miyezo yotulutsira madzi.

Njira Zochiritsira Zachilengedwe

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tigayitse ndi kuwola cyanide. Mabakiteriya enieni amatha kutengera malo okhala ndi cyanide ndikugwiritsa ntchito cyanide ngati gwero la kaboni ndi gwero la nayitrogeni pakukula ndi kuberekana. Njirayi ili ndi ubwino wa mtengo wotsika, kuyanjana ndi chilengedwe, komanso kukwanitsa kugwiritsira ntchito madzi ambiri onyansa mosalekeza. Komabe, imakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga kutentha, pH mtengo, komanso kukhalapo kwa zinthu zoletsa m'madzi otayira, zomwe zimafuna kuwongolera mosamalitsa magwiridwe antchito.

Njira Zochiritsira Mwathupi ndi Mankhwala

Njira zakuthupi ndi mankhwala, kuphatikizapo kulowetsa madzi m'madzi, kusinthana kwa ma ion, ndi kulekanitsa ma membrane, zimathandizanso kwambiri pakuthandizira madzi otayira okhala ndi cyanide . Kulowetsa mpweya wogwiritsidwa ntchito kumatha kuchotsa bwino cyanide yotsala ndi zinthu zina zoipitsa m'madzi otayira. Ma ion exchange resins amatha kulowetsa ma ion a cyanide ndi ma metal-cyanide complexes, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cyanide ikule bwino komanso kuti ikule bwino. Ukadaulo wolekanitsa ma membrane, monga reverse osmosis ndi nanofiltration, umatha kulekanitsa cyanide ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku madzi otayira kudzera mu ma membrane omwe amatha kulowa mosavuta, ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso kukhazikika bwino.

Kubwezeretsa Kwathunthu kwa Zinthu Zamtengo Wapatali

Kubwezeretsa Zitsulo Zamtengo Wapatali

M'mafakitale amigodi ndi electroplating, madzi oipa okhala ndi cyanide nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali monga golide ndi siliva. Njira monga zosungunulira zosungunulira, electrowinning, ndi kusinthana kwa ion zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti achire. Kuchotsa zosungunulira kumagwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira za organic posankha zinthu zamtengo wapatali zachitsulo-cyanide m'madzi onyansa, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kuvula ndi mvula kuti apeze zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Electrowinning mwachindunji amabwezeretsa zitsulo kuchokera m'madzi otayidwa kudzera mu electrolysis, yomwe ndi njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza yobwezeretsanso zitsulo.

Kubwezeretsa Zitsulo Zolemera

Pazitsulo zolemera monga mkuwa ndi zinki m'madzi onyansa okhala ndi cyanide, njira monga mpweya wa mankhwala, simenti, ndi zosungunulira zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kutentha kwa Chemical kumagwiritsa ntchito ma reagents kuti agwirizane ndi ayoni achitsulo cholemera kuti apange ma inseluble precipitates, omwe amalekanitsidwa. Cementation imagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zambiri zamagetsi kuti zichotse zitsulo zolemera kuchokera ku yankho, kuti zitheke. Njira zobwezeretsazi sizimangochepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zitsulo zolemera komanso kusandutsa zinyalala kukhala chuma, ndikupanga phindu lachuma.

Mavuto ndi Zoyembekeza

Ngakhale kupita patsogolo kwakukulu pakusamalira madzi onyansa okhala ndi cyanide ndi kubwezeretsanso zinthu zamtengo wapatali, pali zovuta zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kukwera mtengo kwa matekinoloje ena apamwamba opangira mankhwala, zovuta zotsuka madzi otayira ndi zigawo zovuta, ndi zovuta kuonetsetsa kuti njira zochizira zikhazikika kwanthawi yayitali. M'tsogolomu, ochita kafukufuku akuyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga njira zothandizira, zotsika mtengo, komanso zachilengedwe zophatikizana komanso kuchira. Kuphatikizika kwa njira zingapo zochizira, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito luntha lochita kupanga ndi data yayikulu pakuwongolera njira zitha kukhala mayendedwe ofunikira pachitukuko, zomwe zimathandizira kuti mafakitale azitukuka ndikuteteza chilengedwe.

Pomaliza, kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi chithandizo cha madzi onyansa okhala ndi cyanide komanso kubwezeredwa kwathunthu kwa zinthu zamtengo wapatali ndi wofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo cha chilengedwe, kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazinthu, komanso chitukuko chachuma. Kufufuza kosalekeza ndi ukadaulo pankhaniyi kubweretsa zotsatira zabwino pazachilengedwe komanso zachuma zamafakitale.