Udindo Wofunikira wa Sodium Cyanide mu Electroplating Processes

Introduction

Electroplating ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale poyika chitsulo chopyapyala pagawo laling'ono pogwiritsa ntchito njira za electrochemical. Izi sizimangowonjezera kukongola kwa gawo lapansi komanso kumathandizira kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kuvala, ndi zina zamakina. Sodium cyanide, chigawo chotakasuka kwambiri komanso chapoizoni, chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kwa ambiri Pachikuz mapulogalamu. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za ntchito ndi kufunikira kwake Sodium cyanide mu njira electroplating.

Complexing Agent Ntchito

Imodzi mwamaudindo oyamba a Sodium Cyanide (NaCN) mu electroplating ikugwira ntchito ngati zovuta. M'malo osambira opangira ma electroplating, ma ion achitsulo kuchokera ku plating solution ayenera kunyamulidwa pamwamba pa gawo lapansi kuti asungidwe. Komabe, ma ion achitsulo aulere munjira amatha kubweretsa mwachangu komanso mosagwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zokutira zabwino. Sodium cyanide imakhudzidwa ndi ayoni zitsulo, monga mkuwa, nthaka, golide, ndi siliva, kupanga zitsulo zokhazikika - cyanide complexes.

Mwachitsanzo, mumkuwa - kusamba kwa electroplating, sodium cyanide amaphatikizana ndi ayoni amkuwa. Zotsatira zamkuwa - cyanide complex ndizokhazikika kwambiri mu yankho poyerekeza ndi ayoni amkuwa aulere. Kusokoneza uku kumapereka maubwino angapo. Choyamba, amachepetsa ntchito ya ayoni zitsulo mu yankho, amene amachepetsa mlingo wa mafunsidwe. Kutsika pang'onopang'ono ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse zokutira zitsulo zosalala, zofananira, komanso zomata. Ngati mtengo woyikapo uli wothamanga kwambiri, maatomu achitsulo alibe nthawi yokwanira kuti adzikonzekere bwino pa gawo lapansi, zomwe zimatsogolera ku zokutira zowuma komanso porous.

Kachiwiri, zitsulo - ma cyanide complexes amasungunuka kwambiri muzitsulo zopangira. Kusungunuka kowonjezereka kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti ma ion azitsulo azikhala osalekeza ku cathode (gawo lomwe limakutidwa) panthawi ya electroplating. Mu electroplating ya golide, mapangidwe a golide - cyanide complex amalola golide kukhalabe yankho ndikuyikidwa mofanana pa gawo lapansi.

Kusintha Cathode Polarization

Sodium cyanide imakhudzanso kwambiri polarization ya cathode mu electroplating. Cathode polarization imatanthawuza kusintha kwa mphamvu ya cathode panthawi ya electroplating chifukwa cha zochitika za electrochemical zomwe zimachitika pamwamba pake. Mulingo woyenera wa cathode polarization ndikofunikira kuti mupeze ma depositi apamwamba kwambiri.

Pamene sodium cyanide ilipo mu kusamba kwa electroplating, kumawonjezera cathode polarization. Ma ion a cyanide adsorb pamwamba pa cathode, ndikupanga chotchinga chomwe chimalepheretsa kuyenda kwa ayoni achitsulo kupita ku cathode. Izi zimawonjezera mphamvu yochulukirapo yofunikira kuti chitsulo choyikapo chitsulo chichitike. Chotsatira chake, zitsulo zazitsulo zimayikidwa pang'onopang'ono komanso mwadongosolo.

Mu bafa ya zinki - electroplating, mwachitsanzo, kukhalapo kwa sodium cyanide monga chothandizira komanso zotsatira zake pa cathode polarization kumabweretsa kusungitsa bwino kwa zinki. Kuwonjezeka kwa cathode polarization kumapangitsa ma ion a zinc kuti asungidwe pang'onopang'ono, kuwalola kuti adzikonzekere bwino pagawo la gawo lapansi, motero amakonza zokutira zinki.

Kupititsa patsogolo Kuwonongeka kwa Anode

Kuphatikiza pa zotsatira zake pa cathode, sodium cyanide imathandizanso kulimbikitsa kusungunuka kwa anode mu selo la electroplating. Anode ndiye gwero la ayoni achitsulo munjira ya electroplating. Kuti ntchito ya electroplating ikhale yosalekeza komanso yothandiza, anode iyenera kusungunuka pang'onopang'ono kuti ibweretsenso ma ion achitsulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa cathode.

Sodium cyanide imathandizira izi popanga zitsulo zosungunuka - cyanide complexes pa anode pamwamba. Pakukhazikitsa kwa mkuwa - electroplating, anode yamkuwa imasungunuka ikakumana ndi sodium cyanide. Mapangidwe a mkuwa - cyanide complex pa anode pamwamba amathandizira kusungunuka kwa mkuwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuphatikizikako kumachotsa ma ayoni amkuwa kuchokera kumalo a anode atangopangidwa, kulepheretsa kumanga - kusanjikiza kwa anode. Wosanjikiza wokhazikika amatha kuletsa kusungunuka kwa anode ndikusokoneza njira ya electroplating. Polimbikitsa kusungunuka kwa anode, sodium cyanide imawonetsetsa kuti ma ayoni azitsulo azikhala osasinthasintha ku bafa la electroplating, ndikusunga njira yokhazikika.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Njira Zosiyanasiyana za Electroplating

Golide ndi Silver Electroplating

Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu golide ndi siliva electroplating. M'makampani opanga zodzikongoletsera, zinthu zokutidwa ndi golide zimapangidwa ndi electroplating golide wocheperako pazitsulo zoyambira ngati mkuwa kapena siliva. Kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide mu golide - plating bath kumathandizira kupeza zokutira zagolide zowala, zosalala komanso zomata. Golide - cyanide complex yomwe imapangidwa pamaso pa sodium cyanide imalola kuwongolera bwino kuyika kwa golide, kuwonetsetsa kuti wosanjikiza wopukutidwa uli ndi makulidwe ndi mtundu womwe mukufuna.

Mofananamo, mu electroplating ya siliva, sodium cyanide imapanga ma siliva - cyanide complexes, omwe ndi ofunikira kuti akwaniritse zokutira zasiliva zapamwamba. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa sodium cyanide mu njira zamtengo wapatali za electroplating zachitsulo kwakhala muyeso wamakampani kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha zotsatira zabwino zomwe zimapanga potengera mtundu wa zokutira.

Copper Electroplating

Mu electroplating yamkuwa, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga copper - cyanide complexes. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pamagwiritsidwe omwe ❖ kuyanika kwa mkuwa kosalala komanso kumamatira kumafunika, monga m'makampani opanga zamagetsi kuti apange matabwa osindikizidwa. Mkuwa - cyanide complexes anapanga pamaso pa sodium cyanide zimathandiza mafunsidwe a yunifolomu mkuwa wosanjikiza, amene n'kofunika kuonetsetsa madutsidwe magetsi ndi kudalirika kwa matabwa dera.

Zinc Electroplating

Ngakhale kuyesayesa kukuchitika popanga njira zopanda cyanide zinc - electroplating, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwabe ntchito m'malo osambira achikhalidwe a zinc - electroplating. Mu zinc electroplating, sodium cyanide imathandizira kuphatikizika kwa ayoni kuti apange zinc - cyanide complexes. Kuphatikizika kumeneku sikumangokhudza kuchuluka kwa kuyika ndi mtundu wa zokutira za zinki komanso kumathandizira kuwongolera kapangidwe kake. Mwachitsanzo, mu nthaka - aloyi electroplating (monga nthaka - faifi tambala kapena nthaka - chitsulo aloyi), pamaso pa sodium cyanide angakhudze chiŵerengero cha zitsulo zosiyanasiyana mu aloyi gawo, amenenso amakhudza zimatha ❖ kuyanika komaliza, monga kukana dzimbiri ndi kuuma.

Kuganizira Zachilengedwe ndi Chitetezo

Ngakhale sodium cyanide imakhala yothandiza kwambiri pakupanga electroplating, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri. Ngakhale mchere wochepa wa sodium cyanide ukhoza kukhala wakupha ngati utalowetsedwa, kuukoka, kapena kulowetsedwa pakhungu. Choncho, okhwima Safety miyeso iyenera kukhala m'malo opangira ma electroplating omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Ogwira ntchito ya sodium cyanide ayenera kuphunzitsidwa bwino komanso kukhala ndi zida zodzitetezera, kuphatikizapo magolovesi, magalasi, ndi chitetezo cha kupuma.

Kuphatikiza apo, kutaya zinyalala zomwe zili ndi sodium cyanide kapena zomwe zimapangidwira ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kuti zipewe kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe. Cyanide - yomwe ili ndi madzi otayira kuchokera ku electroplating njira iyenera kuthandizidwa kuti ichotse kapena kuchotsa cyanide isanatulutsidwe. Njira zochiritsira zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo okosijeni wamankhwala (pogwiritsa ntchito okosijeni monga chlorine kapena hydrogen peroxide) kuti asinthe cyanide kukhala mankhwala ochepetsa poizoni.

Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito zambiri komanso yofunika kwambiri pakupanga ma electroplating. Monga complectoring agent, imapanga zitsulo zokhazikika - cyanide complexes zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitsulo zisungunuke komanso zoyendetsa zitsulo mu kusamba kwazitsulo, zomwe zimatsogolera ku zokutira zitsulo zofananira komanso zogwirizana. Imasinthanso polarization ya cathode ndikulimbikitsa kusungunuka kwa anode, zonse zomwe ndizofunikira kuti pakhale ntchito yosalala komanso yothandiza ya electroplating. Ngakhale kawopsedwe kake, ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chitetezo choyenera komanso kusamala zachilengedwe, sodium cyanide ikupitilizabe kukhala gawo lofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito ma electroplating ambiri, makamaka pakuyika zitsulo zamtengo wapatali komanso kukwaniritsa zokutira zapamwamba pazolinga zosiyanasiyana zamakampani ndi zokongoletsa. Komabe, kufufuza kosalekeza kumayang'ananso pakupanga njira zina zopangira ma electroplating kuti zichepetse kudalira papoizoniyi.