Kuyerekeza Pakati pa Atmospheric ndi Pressure Leaching mu Gold Mine Cyanidation Process

1. Introduction

Cyanidation ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa golide kuchokera ku ore. Mwa njira zake zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito, atmospheric leaching ndi pressure leaching ndi njira ziwiri zofunika. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pawo ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse bwino ntchito yochotsa golide, kuwongolera bwino, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama. Nkhaniyi ichititsa kufananitsa mwatsatanetsatane pakati pa mlengalenga ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya mumlengalenga golide mgodi cyanidation ndondomeko.

2. Mfundo ya Cyanidation Leaching

Cyanidation leaching imatengera momwe golide amachitira ndi cyanide pamaso pa mpweya. General Chemical equation ndi motere:

4Au + 8CN⁻+ O₂ + 2H₂O → 4[Au(CN)₂]⁻+ 4OH⁻

Pochita izi, golidi amapanga golide wosungunuka - ma cyanide complexes, omwe amatha kupatulidwa ndikubwezeretsedwanso. Kaya mumlengalenga kapena kuthamanga kwa mpweya, mfundo yoyambirayi imakhalabe yofanana. Komabe, zomwe zimachitika komanso kinetics zimakhudzidwa ndi kupanikizika.

3. Kuyerekeza kwa Leaching Mwachangu

3.1 Kuthamanga kwa Atmospheric

Atmospheric leaching nthawi zambiri imagwira pa kutentha kozungulira komanso kupanikizika. Kwa golide wina wosavuta, monga omwe ali ndi gawo lalikulu la golide wogaya waulere, kutulutsa mumlengalenga kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino. Komabe, kwa ore ovuta omwe ali ndi mchere wambiri wa sulfide kapena zigawo zina zotsutsa, mphamvu ya leaching ya atmospheric leaching nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepa. Kutsika pang'onopang'ono komanso kusakwanira kungayambitse kutsika kwa golide. Mwachitsanzo, polimbana ndi miyala ya golide yomwe ili ndi pyrite, sulfure mu pyrite akhoza kuchitapo kanthu ndi okosijeni ndi cyanide panthawi ya mlengalenga, kuwononga mpweya ndi cyanide, motero kulepheretsa kusungunuka kwa golide. Nthawi zambiri, kutsika kwa golide pakutulutsa mpweya mumlengalenga kumakhala pafupifupi 60% - 85% pamiyala wamba.

3.2 Pressure Leaching

Pressure leaching, Komano, imachitika pansi pazifukwa zokwezeka. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kungathe kuonjezera kwambiri kusungunuka kwa okosijeni mu njira ya leaching. Malinga ndi lamulo la Henry, kuthamanga kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wokwera kwambiri, womwe umawonjezera kuchuluka kwa okosijeni wosungunuka mu yankho. Mpweya wosungunuka uwu ukhoza kufulumizitsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni a golide ndi mapangidwe a golide - cyanide complexes. Kwa miyala ya golide wosakanizidwa, kutsika kwamphamvu kumatha kuwononga zida za mchere wa sulfide, ndikuyika golide wochulukira ku njira yotsitsa. Zotsatira zake, kutsika kwa golide kumatha kuwongolera bwino. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti pazitsulo zina za golide, kutsika kwa golide wothamanga kumatha kufika pa 90%, ngakhale mpaka 95% pansi pamikhalidwe yabwino.

4. Kufananiza Zochita Zochita

4.1 Kutentha

• Kutuluka kwa Atmospheric: Nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito pa kutentha kozungulira kapena pafupi ndi 25°C. Popeza zomwe sizimayendetsedwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito kutentha imakhala yochepa. Komabe, kutentha otsika kumatanthauzanso kuti zimene mlingo ndi wodekha.

• Pressure Leaching: Nthawi zambiri amafuna kutentha kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri kutentha kumakhala mu 80 - 150 ° C. Kutentha kwapamwamba kumatha kufulumizitsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala, koma kumafunikanso mphamvu zowonjezera zowonjezera pakuwotcha dongosolo la leaching.

4.2 Kukhazikika kwa Cyanide

• Kutuluka kwa Atmospheric: Kuchuluka kwa cyanide mu njira ya leaching nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 0.02% - 0.1%. Kwa ores omwe ali ndi zonyansa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa cyanide kungafunike kuti kuwonetsetse kuti kulowetsedwa, koma izi zidzawonjezera mtengo ndi chiwopsezo cha chilengedwe.

• Pressure Leaching: Chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwa ma kinetics opanikizika, ndende yofunikira ya cyanide imatha kukhala yotsika, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 0.01% - 0.05%. Izi sizimangochepetsa kumwa kwa cyanide komanso zimachepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe chifukwa cha zotsalira za cyanide.

5. Kuyerekeza kwa Zida Zofunikira ndi Mtengo

5.1 Zida Zofunikira

• Kutuluka kwa Atmospheric: Zida zopangira mpweya wamlengalenga ndizosavuta. Imaphatikizanso matanki otulutsa, ma agitators, ndi zida zamagetsi. Matanki a leaching safunikira kupirira kupanikizika kwakukulu, kotero kuti zipangizo zawo zopangira ndi ndalama ndizochepa. Ma agitators amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti atsimikizire kusakanikirana kofanana kwa zamkati za ore, njira ya cyanide, ndi mpweya, ndipo zofunikira za mphamvu zawo ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri sizokwera kwambiri.

• Pressure Leaching: Pressure leaching imafuna kupanikizika kwapadera - zida zosagwira, monga ma autoclaves. Autoclave iyenera kupangidwa ndi zida zamphamvu kwambiri kuti zipirire kupsinjika kwakukulu komanso kutentha kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ilinso ndi zovuta zowongolera kupanikizika, kuwongolera kutentha, komanso chitetezo chachitetezo. Mapangidwe ndi kupanga zipangizozi ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo zimafuna luso lapamwamba.

Mtengo wa 5.2

• Kutuluka kwa Atmospheric: Ndalama zoyambira zogulira zida zam'mlengalenga ndi zotsika. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake komanso kutsika kwa nthawi yayitali, mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito potengera ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide kumatha kukhala kokwera kwambiri pakapita nthawi.

• Pressure Leaching: Ndalama zoyambilira pazida zothamangitsira zida ndizokwera kwambiri chifukwa chazovuta zotsika mtengo - ma autoclaves osamva komanso machitidwe ovuta kuwongolera. Koma poganizira momwe ntchito yake ikuyendera komanso nthawi yochepa yochepetsera, mtengo wonse wogwiritsira ntchito potengera mphamvu yopangira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu ukhoza kukhala wopikisana kwambiri pakukonza zitsulo zazikulu komanso zotsutsana.

6. Kusintha kwa chilengedwe

6.1 Zotsalira za Cyanide

• Kutuluka kwa Atmospheric: Monga tanenera kale, mpweya wotuluka mumlengalenga ungafunike kuchuluka kwa cyanide, zomwe zingayambitse zotsalira za cyanide m'michira. Cyanide ndi yapoizoni kwambiri, ndipo mankhwala osayenera a cyanide - okhala ndi michira amatha kuwopseza kwambiri chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu.

• Pressure Leaching: Pogwiritsa ntchito kutsika kwa cyanide, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatulutsa zotsalira zochepa za cyanide m'michira. Izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha chilengedwe chokhudzana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa cyanide kumlingo wina.

6.2 Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu ndi Kutulutsa

• Kutuluka kwa Atmospheric: Ngakhale ili ndi mphamvu zochepa zotenthetsera, kugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali kuti mupeze zotsatira zokhutiritsa za leaching kumatha kuwononga mphamvu zambiri zamagetsi kuti muvutike ndi kutulutsa mpweya. Pankhani ya mpweya, ngati njira ya aeration siyikuyendetsedwa bwino, imatha kutulutsa mpweya woyipa wopangidwa ndi zomwe zimachitika.

• Pressure Leaching: Kutentha kwapamwamba komanso kuthamanga kwambiri kwa kuthamanga kwa leaching kumafuna mphamvu yayikulu yotenthetsera ndikusunga makina okakamiza. Komabe, kugwira ntchito bwino kwake kumatanthauza kuti pakupanga golide wofanana, mphamvu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo lililonse la golidi zitha kufananizidwa kapena kutsika kuposa zomwe zimatuluka mumlengalenga poganizira za kuchuluka kwa kupanga. Pankhani ya mpweya, ngati dongosolo lopanikizika liri losindikizidwa bwino, kutulutsa mpweya woipa kumatha kuyendetsedwa bwino.

7. Kutsiliza

Mwachidule, onse mumlengalenga ndi kuthamanga leaching mu golide mine cyanidation ndondomeko ali ndi makhalidwe awo. Atmospheric leaching ndi yoyenera kwa ores osavuta agolide omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa pazida poyambira, koma ali ndi malire pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a ores ovuta. Pressure leaching, m'malo mwake, ikuwonetsa zabwino zambiri pothana ndi miyala ya golide wosakanizidwa, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri, kutsika kwa cyanide, komanso kuchepa kwa chilengedwe potengera zotsalira za cyanide. Komabe, pamafunika zida zotsika mtengo komanso ntchito zovuta komanso kukonza. Posankha njira yoyendetsera migodi, mabizinesi amigodi amayenera kuganizira mozama zinthu monga zida za ore, kukula kwake, bajeti yoyika ndalama, komanso zofunikira zachilengedwe kuti apange chisankho choyenera kwambiri.