Cyanidation Gold M'zigawo: A kuganizira Percolation Cyanidation Njira

Introduction

Golide wakhala akugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mbiri yonse ya anthu, osati kungogwiritsa ntchito zodzikongoletsera komanso m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana monga zamagetsi, zamano, ndi zakuthambo. Kuchotsa golidi kuchokera ku miyala yake ndi njira yovuta, ndipo cyanidation ndi imodzi mwa njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kuchotsa golide wa cyanidation kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide njira zosungunulira golide kuchokera ku miyala. Njirayi imagwira ntchito chifukwa golide amatha kupanga ma complexes okhazikika okhala ndi ma cyanide ions. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mozama za ndondomeko ya cyanidation, ndikugogomezera kwambiri Percolation Cyanidation njira.

Kumvetsetsa Cyanidation Gold Extraction

Mfundo ya Cyanidation

Mfundo yofunikira ya cyanidation imachokera pa zomwe golide amachita ndi cyanide pamaso pa mpweya. Golidi akakumana ndi mankhwala a cyanide ndipo pali mpweya wopezeka, kusintha kwamankhwala kumachitika. Kupyolera mu izi, golidi amapangidwa ndi okosijeni ndikupanga zovuta zosungunuka. Ma cyanide ions amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pomanga ndi ayoni agolide, kuwapangitsa kusungunuka mu yankho. Kusungunuka kumeneku kumapangitsa kulekanitsidwa kwa golide ku matrix ore, yomwe ndi sitepe yoyamba pochotsa golide ku miyala yaiwisi.

General Njira ya Cyanidation

Njira ya cyanidation imakhala ndi njira zingapo zofunika:

1. Kukonzekera Ore: Miyalayo imayamba kuphwanyidwa ndikuphwanyidwa mpaka kufika pa kukula koyenera. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa zimachulukitsa pamwamba pa miyala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kukhudzana bwino ndi yankho la cyanide. Njirayi ingaphatikizepo magawo angapo akuphwanya ndi kugaya kuti mukwaniritse bwino lomwe mukufuna.

2. Cyanide Leaching: Mwala ukatha kukonzedwa, umalowetsedwa ndi cyanide solution. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zoperekera madzi, ndi mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu yomwe ndi cyanidation ya cyanidation ndi percolation cyanidation. Mu agitation cyanidation, ore amasakanikirana ndi cyanide solution mu akasinja osokonezeka. Percolation cyanidation, yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri m'nkhaniyi, ikuphatikiza njira ya cyanide yomwe imadutsa pabedi la ore.

3. Kupatukana kwa Golide - Bearing Solution: Ndondomeko ya leaching ikatha, njira yothetsera golide iyenera kupatulidwa ndi zotsalira zolimba. Izi zitha kutheka kudzera mu njira monga kusefera kapena sedimentation.

4. Kubwezeretsa kwa Golide: Pambuyo polekanitsa yankho la golide, njira zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti atenge golideyo kuchokera mmenemo. Njira zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo kupopera kwa zinc, komwe zinc imawonjezeredwa ku yankho kuti ichotse golide kuchokera ku chogwiriracho, ndikupanga tinthu tagolide tolimba. Njira ina imayatsidwa. Carbon kulowetsedwa kwa madzi, komwe Carbon Woyendetsa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutengera golide kuchokera mu yankho, lomwe limakonzedwanso kuti lipeze golide weniweni.

Percolation Cyanidation Njira

Momwe Percolation Cyanidation Imagwirira Ntchito

Percolation cyanidation ndi njira yomwe njira yochepetsera ya cyanide imaloledwa kuphulika pabedi la ore wosweka kapena agglomerated. Mwala nthawi zambiri amaikidwa m'chidebe chachikulu, monga poto kapena mulu. Njira ya cyanide imagawidwa mofanana pamwamba pa bedi la ore ndiyeno imatsika pang'onopang'ono kudutsa muzitsulo chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka. Pamene yankho likudutsa mu ore, cyanide imakhudzidwa ndi golide yomwe ilipo mu ore, kupanga golide wosungunuka - cyanide complex. Izi zovuta zimasonkhanitsidwa pansi pa chidebecho.

Zigawo Zofunikira ndi Masitepe pa Percolation Cyanidation

Kukonzekera kwa 1.Ore kwa Percolation Cyanidation:

• Kupsinjika ndi kupsinjika: Mwala umayamba kuphwanyidwa mpaka kufika pakukula kwa tinthu tating'ono, nthawi zambiri m'kati mwa ma centimita angapo mpaka mamilimita angapo. Izi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pabedi la ore pali voids zokwanira kuti cyanide yankho lidutse. Pambuyo pakuphwanyidwa, ore amatha kufufuzidwa kuti achotse tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri.

• Agglomeration (Mwasankha): Nthawi zina, makamaka kwa ores omwe ali ndi dongo lambiri kapena zinthu zabwino kwambiri, kuphatikiza kungakhale kofunikira. Kuphatikizana kumaphatikizapo kuwonjezera chinthu chomangira, monga simenti kapena laimu, ku miyala ndi kusakaniza ndi madzi. Izi zimathandiza kupanga zazikulu, zokhazikika particles, kuwongolera permeability wa bedi ore ndi kuteteza kutsekeka kwa pores pa percolation ndondomeko.

2.Leaching Setup:

• Leaching Vats kapena Mulu Leaching:

• Leaching Vats: Pazigawo zing'onozing'ono kapena zapamwamba, zitsulo zotayira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Izi ndi ziwiya zazikulu zokhala ndi mizere pomwe amayika miyalayo. Zitsulozo zimakhala ndi pansi pabodza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cyanide solution itengere pansi pa bedi la ore popanda kunyamula tinthu tolimba. Njira ya cyanide imayambitsidwa pamwamba pa vat, mwina kudzera mu makina opopera kapena kungowathira pamwamba pa miyala.

• Kuchuluka kwa Leaching: Kuchotsa milu ndi koyenera pakuchita ntchito zazikulu komanso zotsika kwambiri. Pakuchulukirachulukira, miyalayi imawunjikidwa pa chingwe chosatha kulowa pansi. Muluwu ukhoza kukhala wawukulu ndithu, nthawi zina umakhala ndi mahekitala angapo. Mankhwala a cyanide amagawidwa pa mulu pogwiritsa ntchito makina opopera kapena makina othirira.

• Kukonzekera kwa Cyanide Solution: Yankho la cyanide lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu percolation cyanidation nthawi zambiri limasungunuka Sodium Cyanide kapena potaziyamu cyanide, ndi ndende zambiri mu osiyanasiyana 0.01% - 0.1% ndi kulemera. Yankho lingakhalenso ndi zowonjezera zina, monga laimu, kuti musinthe pH ya yankho. Kusunga pH yoyenera ndikofunikira, chifukwa kumakhudza kukhazikika kwa cyanide komanso kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa golide. PH yabwino kwambiri ya cyanidation nthawi zambiri imakhala yozungulira 10 - 11.

3. Percolation ndi Leaching:

• Kugawa Mayankho: Njira ya cyanide imagawidwa mofanana pamwamba pa bedi la ore. Pankhani ya ma leaching vats, izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito chitoliro chokhala ndi perforated kapena makina opopera. Pothirira milu, zowaza kapena zothirira zimathandizira kuti madziwo afike mbali zonse za mulu.

• Leaching Time: Nthawi ya leaching mu percolation cyanidation imatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi zinthu monga mtundu wa ore, kukula kwa tinthu, komanso kuchuluka kwa yankho la cyanide. Nthawi zambiri, imatha kuyambira masiku angapo mpaka milungu ingapo. Panthawiyi, yankho la cyanide limapitilirabe kupyola mu miyala, imachita ndi golide ndikuyisungunula.

• Kuyang'anira ndi Kuwongolera: Panthawi yonse ya leaching, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira magawo osiyanasiyana. Izi zikuphatikiza kuyang'ana pafupipafupi pH ya yankho, kuchuluka kwa cyanide mu yankho, ndi kuchuluka kwa golide wosungunuka mu yankho. Zitsanzo za yankho zimatengedwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuwunikiridwa mu labotale. Zosintha zitha kupangidwa ku pH kapena ndende ya cyanide ngati kuli kofunikira kuti muwongolere njira yowotchera.

4.Kusonkhanitsa ndi Chithandizo cha Oyembekezera Oyembekezera:

• Kusonkhanitsa: Njira yothetsera golide, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti yothetsera mimba, imasonkhanitsidwa pansi pa leaching vat kapena kuchokera ku ngalande mu mulu wa leaching. M'mitsuko ya leaching, njira yapakati imakokedwa kudzera mu valavu pansi pa bodza. Mu mulu leaching, yankho amasonkhanitsidwa mu sumps kapena maiwe amene ali m'munsi mwa mulu.

• chithandizo: Akasonkhanitsidwa, mankhwala oyembekezera amathandizidwa kuti apeze golide. Monga tanena kale, njira zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo mpweya wa zinc komanso activated carbon adsorption. Mu mpweya wa zinc, fumbi la zinc kapena zinc shavings amawonjezeredwa ku njira yoyembekezera. Zinc imakhudzidwa ndi golide - cyanide complex, kusuntha golide ndikupanga tinthu tating'ono ta golide, zomwe zimatha kusefedwa ndikusinthidwanso. Mu activated carbon adsorption, njira yoyembekezera imadutsa pagawo lodzaza ndi carbon activated. Golide - cyanide complex imalowetsedwa pamwamba pa kaboni, ndipo kaboniyo imachotsedwa pamzati ndikukonzedwa kuti ichotse golide.

Ubwino ndi Kuipa kwa Percolation Cyanidation

ubwino

1. Kuyenerera kwa Ores Ochepa - Grade Ores: Percolation cyanidation, makamaka heap leaching, imakhala yothandiza kwambiri pochiza miyala yagolide yotsika. Popeza kuti ndondomekoyi ndi yophweka ndipo safuna zipangizo zambiri zopera komanso zodula kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito bwino, zikhoza kukhala zopindulitsa pazachuma zomwe sizingakhale zopindulitsa kuzikonza pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina zovuta kwambiri.

2. Ndalama Zochepa ndi Ndalama Zogwirira Ntchito: Poyerekeza ndi njira zina zochotsera golide, monga agitation cyanidation yomwe imafuna akasinja akuluakulu, okwera mtengo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri posakaniza, percolation cyanidation imakhala ndi ndalama zochepa. Zida zofunika, monga ma leaching mbiya kapena mulu wamba - zomangira, ndizotsika mtengo. Kuonjezera apo, ndalama zogwirira ntchito zimakhalanso zotsika chifukwa zimadya mphamvu zochepa ndipo zimafuna ntchito yochepa ya tsiku ndi tsiku.

3. Ubwino Wachilengedwe (Chiwerengero): Pankhani yakukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe, percolation cyanidation ikhoza kukhala ndi zabwino zina. Mwachitsanzo, poboola milu, miyalayo siiphwanyidwa kwambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa kutulutsa fumbi. Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito mizere yowotchera mizere kapena milu ya milu kumathandiza kupewa kutayikira kwa cyanide - yomwe ili ndi mayankho ku chilengedwe. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti cyanide akadali chinthu chapoizoni kwambiri, ndipo kasamalidwe koyenera ka chilengedwe ndi kofunikirabe.

4. Njira Yosavuta: Njira ya percolation cyanidation ndiyosavuta komanso yosavuta kumvetsetsa ndikugwira ntchito. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ntchito za migodi zing'onozing'ono zifike pogwira ntchito zaukadaulo zochepa.

kuipa

1. Slow Leaching Rate: Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu za percolation cyanidation ndi kuchuluka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa leaching. Poyerekeza ndi mukubwadamuka cyanidation, kumene ore mosalekeza wosakanizidwa ndi cyanide njira, percolation ndondomeko amadalira kuyenda pang'onopang'ono kwa yankho kudzera pa bedi ore. Izi zitha kubweretsa nthawi yotalikirapo yotulutsa, yomwe singakhale yoyenera pamachitidwe omwe amafunikira kutulutsa kwakukulu kapena kusintha mwachangu.

2. Kubwezeretsa Kwagolide Kwambiri Nthawi Zina: Mtengo wobwezeretsa golide mu percolation cyanidation ukhoza kukhala wotsika kuposa wa njira zina, makamaka ores okhala ndi mineralogy yovuta. Ngati golidiyo amagawidwa bwino kapena kutsekedwa mkati mwa mchere wina, yankho la cyanide silingathe kupeza tinthu tating'ono ta golide bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti achepetse kuchira.

3. Cyanide Toxicity: Cyanide ndi chinthu chapoizoni kwambiri, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake mu percolation cyanidation kumabweretsa zoopsa zachilengedwe ndi chitetezo. Kutayikira kulikonse kapena kusagwira bwino kwa cyanide - yokhala ndi mayankho kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa ku chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu. Njira zotetezeka zotetezedwa ndi malamulo a chilengedwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa kuti muchepetse zoopsazi.

4. Kumverera kwa Ore Properties: Kupambana kwa percolation cyanidation kumadalira kwambiri katundu wa ore. Ores okhala ndi dongo lambiri, mwachitsanzo, amatha kuyambitsa zovuta pakutha kwa bedi la ore, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusayenda bwino kwa yankho komanso kusagwira bwino ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ores okhala ndi mchere wina omwe amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi cyanide, monga mchere wokhala ndi mkuwa, amatha kudya cyanide ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya leaching.

Kuyerekeza ndi Njira Zina Zochotsera Golide

Kuyerekeza ndi Agitation Cyanidation

1. Leaching Mwachangu: Agitation cyanidation nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi luso lapamwamba la leaching poyerekeza ndi percolation cyanidation. Mu mukubwadamuka cyanidation, kusakanikirana kosalekeza kwa ore ndi cyanide solution kumapangitsa kulumikizana bwino pakati pa ziwirizi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide asungunuke mwachangu. Izi zitha kubweretsa kufupikitsidwa kwa nthawi yocheperako komanso kubweza golide wokwera, makamaka kwa miyala yokhala ndi golide wambiri kapena zovuta za mineralogy.

2. Zida ndi Mtengo: Agitation cyanidation imafuna zida zovuta komanso zodula, kuphatikiza akasinja akulu ozungulira, ma mota amphamvu osakanikirana, ndi makina apamwamba kwambiri opopera slurry. Izi zimabweretsa ndalama zokwera mtengo. Mosiyana ndi izi, percolation cyanidation imafuna zida zosavuta, monga ma leaching vats kapena mulu woyambira - zida zomangira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotsika mtengo - zogwira ntchito potengera ndalama zazikulu. Komabe, ndalama zogwirira ntchito za mukubwadamuka cyanidation sizingakhale zokwezeka, chifukwa kufupikitsa nthawi yocheperako kumatha kuthetseratu kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri pakusakaniza.

3. Kuyenerera kwa Mitundu ya Ore: Agitation cyanidation ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa ores omwe amafunikira kupukuta bwino komanso kukonza kwambiri, monga golide wolemera wa sulfide. Komano, percolation cyanidation ndi yoyenera kwa otsika otsika, oxidized ores omwe amatha kukonzedwa mokulirapo.

Poyerekeza ndi Non - Cyanide Gold M'zigawo Njira

1. Mphamvu Zachilengedwe: Njira zochotsera golidi zosakhala za cyanide, monga thiourea leaching kapena bio-leaching, nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa ngati zoteteza chilengedwe chifukwa sagwiritsa ntchito cyanide wapoizoni kwambiri. Komabe, njirazi zilinso ndi zovuta zawozawo zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, thiourea ikhoza kukhala yovulaza chilengedwe ngati sichisamalidwa bwino, ndipo bio-leaching ingafune malo enieni komanso nthawi yayitali yokonza. Percolation cyanidation, ngakhale imagwiritsa ntchito cyanide, imatha kuyendetsedwa moyenera ndi chilengedwe ndikusunga bwino ndi mankhwala a cyanide - okhala ndi mayankho.

2. Mtengo ndi Mwachangu: Njira zosakhala za cyanide zitha kukhala zokwera mtengo potengera ma reagents kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, thiourea ndi yokwera mtengo kuposa cyanide, ndipo bio-leaching ingafunike chikhalidwe chapadera cha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso kuwongolera chilengedwe, zomwe zingawonjezere ndalama. Pankhani yogwira ntchito bwino, cyanidation, kuphatikiza percolation cyanidation, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi chiwongola dzanja chokwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi njira zina zomwe si za cyanide, makamaka za golide wakale.

Kutsiliza

Percolation cyanidation ndi njira yofunika kwambiri pamakampani ochotsa golide, makamaka pochiza golide wocheperako komanso oxidized. Kuphweka kwake, kutsika mtengo, ndi kuyenera kwa mitundu ina ya miyala kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunikira. Komabe, sizopanda zovuta zake, monga kutsika pang'onopang'ono, kutsika kwa golide, komanso kuopsa kwa chilengedwe ndi chitetezo chokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide. Pamene ntchito ya migodi ikupitabe patsogolo, kuyesetsa kupititsa patsogolo njira ya percolation cyanidation, monga kuzindikiritsa bwino miyala ya miyala, kukhathamiritsa kwa magawo a ndondomeko, ndi chitukuko cha njira zogwirira ntchito komanso zachilengedwe zoyendetsera cyanide. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wa njira zina zochotsera golide zomwe zimatha kuthana ndi malire a cyanidation akupitilirabe. Ngakhale zovuta izi, percolation cyanidation ipitiliza kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakupanga golide mtsogolo mowoneratu, makamaka m'magawo omwe ali ndi golide wambiri wocheperako.