Kafukufuku ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide Pollution Control Technologies

Introduction

Sodium cyanide ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana monga migodi, electroplating, ndi kupanga mankhwala. Komabe, kusagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi kutaya kwake kungayambitse kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe ndikuyika pachiwopsezo chachikulu pa thanzi la anthu ndi machitidwe achilengedwe. Zotsatira zake, kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito Sodium cyanide yogwira ntchito Ukadaulo wowongolera kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu wakhala gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakufufuza ndi kuchita.

Njira Zachikhalidwe Zochizira Kuwonongeka kwa Sodium Cyanide

Alkaline Chlorination

Kuthira chlorination ya alkaline ndi njira imodzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi otayira okhala ndi cyanide. Munjira imeneyi, mankhwala okhala ndi chlorine kapena chlorine (monga sodium hypochlorite) amawonjezedwa ku madzi otayira pansi pa mikhalidwe ya alkaline. Izi zimachitika m'magawo awiri. Choyamba, cyanide imasungunuka kukhala cyanogen chloride, kenako cyanogen chloride imasungunuka kuti ipange cyanate. Pomaliza, ma ayoni a cyanate amawonjezeredwanso kuti apange ammonia ndi Carbon ates. Njira yachikhalidwe yothira chlorination ya alkaline nthawi zambiri imafuna pH yayikulu ya pafupifupi 10.5 ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kochepetsa oxidation (ORP) ya + 600 mV. Komabe, ndi njira yogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ambiri, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito sodium hypochlorite yambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi magaloni 23 a yankho la 12.5% ​​la sodium hypochlorite amafunika kuti awononge ounce imodzi ya cyanide.

Chithandizo cha Zamoyo

Tizilombo mankhwala cyanide - munali madzi oipa kumafuna ntchito yeniyeni tizilombo. Mabakiteriya a Aerobic monga Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, ndi Achromobacteria amatha oxidize cyanide kuti cyanate. Pambuyo pake, ion ya cyanate imasinthidwa kukhala ammonia ndi bicarbonate. Njirayi ndi yothandiza pamene cyanide ndende m'madzi oipa ndi yotsika. Komabe, pamafunika kuwongolera mosamala za chilengedwe monga kutentha, pH, ndi kukhalapo kwa zakudya zoyenera kuti zitsimikizire kukula ndi ntchito za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Njira ya Acidification

Njira ya acidification ndi njira yachikhalidwe yochizira cyanide yapamwamba - yokhala ndi madzi otayira m'mafakitale monga migodi ya golide ndi cyanide electroplating. Mwanjira iyi, madzi otayira amasinthidwa kukhala acid kuti atulutse mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide, womwe utha kubwezeretsedwanso kapena kuthandizidwanso. Njirayi ili ndi ubwino wokhoza kubwezeretsa cyanide kuchokera m'madzi otayira, koma pamafunika kusamalira mosamala mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide wotulutsidwa kuti ateteze kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe ndikuonetsetsa chitetezo.

Matekinoloje Atsopano a Sodium Cyanide Pollution Control

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)

Njira zamakono zopangira ma oxidation, monga ozone oxidation ndi ultraviolet (UV) - catalyzed oxidation, zawonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu pochiza madzi oipitsidwa ndi Sodium Cyanide . Ozone oxidation imatha kuwononga cyanide kukhala zinthu zosavulaza kwenikweni. Molekyulu ya ozone imagwira ntchito ndi cyanide, kuswa ma bond a mankhwala ndikuisintha kukhala mankhwala okhazikika. Komano, UV - catalyzed oxidation, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito ma catalyst pamodzi ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndi ma oxidants monga hydrogen peroxide. Mwachitsanzo, mu dongosolo la UV - H₂O₂, kuwala kwa ultraviolet kumayambitsa hydrogen peroxide, ndikupanga ma hydroxyl radicals omwe amatha kuwononga cyanide mwachangu. Njirazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri ndipo zimatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe.

Njira za Nanotechnology - Zokhazikitsidwa ndi Njira

Nanotechnology ikuwoneka ngati gawo lodalirika pakuwongolera kuwongolera kuwononga kwa cyanide. Nanomaterials, monga ma nanocatalysts, amatha kupititsa patsogolo machitidwe owonongeka a cyanide. Mwachitsanzo, ma nanocatalysts ena azitsulo amatha kulimbikitsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni a cyanide m'malo ovuta kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, nanofiltration nembanemba zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa cyanide ndi zonyansa zina ndi madzi. Ma nembanembawa amakhala ndi pores mumtundu wa nanometer, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti achotse mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono ndi ayoni, kuphatikiza cyanide, ndikusunga zinthu zamtengo wapatali ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomwe zimapangidwa.

Milandu Yogwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide Pollution Control Technologies

M'makampani a Migodi

Mu migodi ya golide, komwe sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa golide, ukadaulo wowongolera kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya ndi wofunikira kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito zina zazikulu zofukula migodi zagwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza kwa alkaline chlorination ndi mankhwala achilengedwe. Choyamba, njira ya alkaline chlorination imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa cyanide yochuluka m'madzi otayira a m'mbuyo mpaka pamlingo winawake. Kenako, madzi otayira amathandizidwanso ndi zachilengedwe kuti akwaniritse miyezo yokhwima yotulutsa madzi m'chilengedwe. Nthawi zina, ukadaulo watsopano monga UV-catalyzed oxidation ukuyesedwanso. Migodi m'malo omwe ali ndi vuto la chilengedwe imalimbikitsidwa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba komanso wogwira mtima kwambiri wowongolera kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya kuti achepetse kuwononga chilengedwe chozungulira.

Mu Industrial Waste Water Treatment

Mafakitale opangira ma electroplating omwe amagwiritsa ntchito malo osambira opangidwa ndi cyanide amatulutsanso sianidi wambiri - wokhala ndi madzi oipa. Zomera zambiri zamakono za electroplating zayika pa - malo opangira madzi otayira. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zothandizira, kuyambira ndi mvula yazitsulo zolemera zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi cyanide complexes, zomwe zimatsatiridwa ndi kuwonongedwa kwa cyanide yaulere pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga alkaline chlorination kapena njira zowonjezera makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Zomera zina zakhazikitsanso njira zowunikira mosalekeza kuti madzi otayira oyeretsedwawo akukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe amawongolera asanatulutsidwe mumsewu kapena m'madzi apamtunda.

Zovuta ndi Zowona Zamtsogolo

Ngakhale kuti pali njira zamakono zochepetsera kuwonongeka kwa sodium cyanide, pali mavuto angapo. Limodzi mwazovuta zazikulu ndi kukwera mtengo kogwirizana ndi njira zamakono zochiritsira, makamaka zamabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati. Kuonjezera apo, mankhwala a cyanide ovuta - okhala ndi madzi otayira, omwe angakhale ndi osakaniza a cyanide mankhwala ndi zonyansa zina, amafuna njira zochiritsira zogwira mtima komanso zosunthika.

Kuyang'ana zam'tsogolo, kufufuza kwina ndi chitukuko ndizofunikira kuti zitheke bwino komanso zotsika mtengo zaukadaulo womwe ulipo. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kukhathamiritsa kwa momwe zinthu zimachitikira, kukhazikitsidwa kwa zolimbikitsa zokhazikika komanso zogwira mtima, komanso kuphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana zachipatala. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwunika kwa malingaliro atsopano komanso opangira chithandizo chamankhwala, monga kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tiwonjezere kuwonongeka kwa cyanide kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano zochotsa sianidi, zimakhala ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu chowongolera kuyipitsa kwa sodium cyanide pakapita nthawi.

Pomaliza, kafukufuku ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje owongolera kuwononga kwa sodium cyanide ndikofunikira pakuteteza chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu. Kuwongolera kosalekeza ndi kutsogozedwa kwa matekinoloje amenewa kudzathandiza kwambiri pa chitukuko chokhazikika cha mafakitale ndi kuteteza chilengedwe.