Poizoni ndi Zachilengedwe Zachilengedwe za Sodium Cyanide

Introduction

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri komanso owopsa omwe akopa chidwi kwambiri chifukwa amatha kuwononga kwambiri thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, monga migodi, electroplating, ndi kaphatikizidwe kamankhwala. Komabe, kusagwira bwino, kusungidwa, kapena kutulutsidwa mwangozi kwa Sodium cyanide zingabweretse mavuto aakulu. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane kawopsedwe wa Sodium Cyanide ndi zake Zotsatira za chilengedwe.

Poizoni wa Sodium Cyanide

Njira ya Toxicity

The kwambiri kawopsedwe wa sodium cyanide makamaka zimachokera ku Cyanide ion (CN⁻). Ikalowetsedwa, kutulutsa mpweya, kapena kuyamwa pakhungu, cyanide ion imamanga mwachangu ku cytochrome c oxidase, enzyme complex mu mitochondria ya maselo. Kumanga kumeneku kumasokoneza njira yoyendera ma elekitironi wamba, kuletsa kupuma kwa ma cell. Zotsatira zake, maselo amalephera kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wabwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma cell asphyxiation azitha. Ngakhale pang'ono sodium cyanide akhoza kusokoneza mwamsanga ntchito zofunika za thupi pa mlingo ma cell.

Acute Poizoni kwa Anthu

Kuwonetsedwa kwa sodium cyanide kumatha kuyambitsa chiphe pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi zizindikiro zambiri. Kukoka mpweya wa cyanide kapena fumbi kungayambitse kuvutika kupuma, kupuma mwachangu, komanso kumva kukomoka. Kulowetsedwa kwa sodium cyanide kungayambitse zizindikiro monga nseru, kusanza, kupweteka m'mimba, ndi fungo lopweteka la amondi pa mpweya, chomwe ndi chizindikiro cha poizoni wa cyanide. Pamene chiphecho chikupitirira, pakhoza kukhala kutaya chidziwitso, kugwedezeka, ndipo pamapeto pake, kumangidwa kwa mtima ndi imfa. Mlingo wakupha wa sodium cyanide kwa anthu ndi wotsika kwambiri, nthawi zambiri umakhala pakati pa 50 - 250 milligrams, kutengera zinthu monga kulemera kwa thupi ndi njira yowonekera.

Matenda a Toxicity

Kuwonetsa kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchepa kwa sodium cyanide kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pamoyo wamunthu. Zitha kukhudza dongosolo lamanjenje, zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro monga mutu, chizungulire, kukumbukira kukumbukira, ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha. Kuwona kwanthawi yayitali kumatha kukhudzanso mtima wamtima, kupangitsa kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi kusokonezeke komanso kuwonongeka kwanthawi yayitali kwa minofu ya mtima. Kuonjezera apo, kuwonetseredwa mobwerezabwereza kungathe kufooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi, kupangitsa anthu kutengeka kwambiri ndi matenda.

Zokhudza Zachilengedwe za Sodium Cyanide

Tsoka M'chilengedwe

Pamene sodium cyanide imatulutsidwa m'chilengedwe, imadutsa njira zosiyanasiyana. M'madzi, imatha kudzipatula kukhala ma cyanide ions. Ma cyanide ions amakhala otakasuka ndipo amatha kulumikizana ndi zinthu zina. Pamaso pa kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono, cyanide imatha kukhala oxidized ku mitundu yocheperako monga cyanate (CNO⁻). Komabe, makutidwe ndi okosijeni awa amatha kuchedwa, ndipo m'mikhalidwe ya anaerobic, cyanide imatha kukhala m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. M'nthaka, sodium cyanide imatha kukopa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndipo kuyenda kwake kumadalira zinthu monga mtundu wa dothi, pH, ndi organic matter.

Impact pa Aquatic Ecosystems

Sodium cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri kwa zamoyo zam'madzi. Ngakhale m'malo otsika kwambiri, zimatha kuwononga kwambiri nsomba, zamoyo zopanda msana, ndi zamoyo zina zam'madzi. Cyanide imalepheretsa ma enzymes opuma m'zamoyo zam'madzi, zomwe zimayambitsa kusowa kwa okosijeni ndipo pamapeto pake zimafa. Zomera zam'madzi zimathanso kukhudzidwa, chifukwa cyanide ingasokoneze njira zawo za photosynthetic. Kuphatikiza apo, kupezeka kwa sodium cyanide m'madzi kumatha kusokoneza chakudya chonse. Mwachitsanzo, kufa kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chifukwa cha poizoni wa cyanide kungayambitse kusowa kwa chakudya cha zamoyo zazikulu zomwe zimadalira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chiwonongeke.

Impact pa Terrestrial Ecosystems

M'chilengedwe chapadziko lapansi, sodium cyanide imatha kuyipitsa nthaka, zomwe zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pazomera. Ikhoza kulepheretsa kukula kwa mizu ndi kutengeka kwa michere muzomera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisamakule bwino komanso kuchepetsa zokolola. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tadothi, zomwe timagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuyenda kwa michere ndi chonde m'nthaka, zimathanso kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi cyanide. Kukhalapo kwa sodium cyanide m'nthaka kumatha kupha mabakiteriya opindulitsa ndi bowa, ndikusokoneza momwe nthaka imayendera. Izi zitha kukhudzanso thanzi lanthawi yayitali komanso zokolola za nthaka.

Kuwonongeka kwa Mpweya ndi Kuwonongeka kwa Mumlengalenga

Ngati sodium cyanide imatulutsidwa m'njira yomwe imalola kuti iwonongeke mumlengalenga, monga ngozi za mafakitale zomwe zimakhudza kutulutsa mpweya wa cyanide - womwe uli ndi mpweya, ukhoza kuopseza kwambiri mpweya. Cyanide mumlengalenga imatha kukopedwa ndi anthu ndi nyama zomwe zili pafupi, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto azaumoyo monga tafotokozera pamwambapa. M'mlengalenga, cyanide ikhoza kuchitapo kanthu ndi zoipitsa zina ndikuthandizira kupanga zowononga zachiwiri, ngakhale kukula kwa machitidwe otere akadali gawo la kafukufuku wopitilira.

Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide ndi mankhwala okhala ndi kawopsedwe kwambiri ku thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe. Kuopsa kwake koopsa komanso kosatha kwa anthu kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zowopsa, pomwe kutulutsidwa kwake m'chilengedwe kumatha kuwononga kwambiri zachilengedwe zam'madzi ndi zapadziko lapansi. Poganizira zoopsa zomwe zingachitike ndi sodium cyanide, njira zotetezera zokhazikika ndi malamulo ndizofunikira pamakina onse okhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyang'anira kosalekeza kwa chilengedwe cha kukhalapo kwa cyanide ndikufufuza njira zowongolera bwino ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuopsa kwa chinthu chakupha kwambirichi.