Kodi Ndi Bwino Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide Mu Migodi?

Introduction

Cyanide sodium, mankhwala omwe amadziwika kuti ndi owopsa kwambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzakudya Makampani Amigodi kwa zaka zambiri, makamaka m'kukumba golide. Kutha kwake kusungunula golidi ndi zitsulo zina zamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali kwapangitsa kuti ikhale chida chofunikira kwambiri kwa ogwira ntchito m'migodi. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide sodium yawonetsanso nkhawa zazikulu zokhudzana ndi chitetezo, kwa ogwira nawo ntchito komanso chilengedwe. M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza funso: Kodi ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide sodium mu migodi?

Kodi sodium cyanide ndi chiyani?

Sodium cyanide ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi formula NaCN. Amawoneka ngati cholimba choyera cha crystalline, nthawi zambiri ngati ma pellets kapena ufa. Chimodzi mwa makhalidwe ake odziwika kwambiri ndi fungo lake lochepa, lopweteka la amondi, lomwe lingathe kukhala chizindikiro cha kukhalapo kwake, ngakhale kuti si aliyense amene angazindikire fungo ili.

Pagululi ndi losungunuka kwambiri m'madzi, ndipo munjira zamadzimadzi, limasungunuka kuti lipange hydrocyanic acid (HCN), mpweya wosakhazikika komanso wapoizoni kwambiri. Sodium cyanide imadziwika ndi kawopsedwe kake; zimatha kuyambitsa poyizoni mwachangu komanso kwambiri mwa anthu ndi nyama. Ngakhale pang'ono pang'ono, munthu akalowetsedwa, atakowetsedwa, kapena atalowetsedwa pakhungu, amatha kusokoneza kayendedwe kabwino ka thupi ndikupha. Njira yomwe imachititsa kuti imfayi iwonongeke ndi kuthekera kwake kusokoneza kupuma kwa ma cell. Akalowa m'thupi, ma cyanide ions amamangiriza ku cytochrome oxidase, puloteni yofunikira pa gawo lomaliza la unyolo wonyamula ma elekitironi m'maselo. Pochita izi, zimalepheretsa kusamutsidwa kwa ma electron, kulepheretsa maselo kuti asagwiritse ntchito mpweya wabwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cell asphyxiation ndi minofu hypoxia.

Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Mu metallurgy, makamaka mu migodi ya golidi, imakhala ndi gawo lalikulu. Njira ya cyanide leaching, yomwe imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito Sodium Cyanide solutions, ndi njira yodziwika bwino yochotsera golide ndi zitsulo zina zamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku ore. Zimapanga zovuta zokhazikika ndi golidi, zomwe zimalola kuti zitsulo zisungunuke ndikulekanitsidwa ndi thanthwe lozungulira. Kuphatikiza apo, imapeza ntchito mu electroplating, komwe imathandizira kuyika zitsulo zopyapyala pamalopo, komanso kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomangira chopangira zinthu zambiri zakuthupi ndi zachilengedwe, kuphatikiza mankhwala, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi utoto. Komabe, chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kake kwambiri, kagwiridwe kake ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake kumafuna kusamala kwambiri zachitetezo ndi kutsata malamulo.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide mu Migodi

Migodi Njira

The ntchito sodium cyanide mu migodi, makamaka m'zigawo za golidi, kumaphatikizapo ndondomeko zoyendetsedwa bwino. Choyamba, miyala yamtengo wapatali imaphwanyidwa ndikuphwanyidwa kuti ikhale ufa wabwino kuti uwonjezere malo ake, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mugwirizane bwino ndi yankho la cyanide. Mwala wopunthidwa uwu umasakanizidwa ndi madzi osungunuka Sodium cyanide yankho mu akasinja akuluakulu kapena mitsuko. Cyanide imapanga zovuta ndi golide wopezeka mu ore, kuti asungunuke. Njirayi, yomwe imadziwika kuti cyanidation kapena leaching, imatha kutenga maola angapo mpaka masiku, kutengera mawonekedwe a ore.

Pambuyo pa ndondomeko yowonongeka, njira yothetsera golide imasiyanitsidwa ndi zinyalala zotsalira zotsalira, zomwe zimadziwika kuti tailings. Golidiyo amachotsedwanso ku yankho lake pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga carbon adsorption, kumene activated carbon imakopa ndikumanga ma complexes a golide. Kapenanso, mpweya wa zinc ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe ufa wa zinc umawonjezeredwa ku yankho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golideyo atuluke. Golide wopezekanso amayeretsedwanso kudzera munjira monga kusungunula kuti apeze golide woyenga kwambiri kapena mitundu ina yoyenera kumsika.

ubwino

Ubwino umodzi wogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide mumigodi ndikuchita bwino kwambiri pakuchotsa golide. Ikhoza kusungunula golidi ngakhale kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yotheka kukumba ma depositi omwe akanapanda phindu. Poyerekeza ndi njira zina, monga kulekanitsa mphamvu yokoka kapena kuyandama, cyanidation nthawi zambiri imapindula kwambiri, nthawi zina kupitirira 90% ya golide wopezeka mu miyala.

Kuchokera pazachuma, kukwera mtengo kwa sodium cyanide ndi chinthu china chofunikira. Kutsika mtengo kwa mankhwalawo, kuphatikiza ndi kuthekera kwake popanga miyala yambiri, kumathandizira kuti phindu lonse la ore lipindule. Ntchito Zogulitsa Mabomba. Zimalolanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma depositi a golide ang'onoang'ono komanso amwazikana, kukulitsa magwero opangira golide.

Kuda nkhawa

Zowopsa Za Poizoni

Kuopsa koopsa kwa sodium cyanide kumawopseza kwambiri thanzi la ogwira ntchito m'migodi. Kukoka mpweya kapena kukhudzana ndi khungu ndi cyanide pang'ono kungayambitse poyizoni. Zizindikiro zake zimatha kukhala chizungulire, kupweteka mutu, nseru, kufooka, mpaka kukomoka mwachangu ndi kufa. Pakhala pali zochitika zambiri zomvetsa chisoni zomwe anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi, chifukwa cha kusagwira bwino ntchito kapena kuwonetseredwa mwangozi, adakumana ndi zoopsa. Mwachitsanzo, pa ntchito zina zofukula golide zosaloledwa m’madera akutali, ochita migodi opanda zida zodzitetezera ndi kuphunzitsidwa bwino amakoka mpweya wa cyanide, zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu asamagwire ntchito nthawi yomweyo, ndipo nthawi zambiri amafera pomwepo.

Mphamvu Zachilengedwe

Sodium cyanide ikagwiritsidwa ntchito m'migodi, pamakhala chiopsezo chachikulu chowononga chilengedwe. Ngati sichisamalidwa bwino, cyanide imatha kuwononga matupi amadzi, zomwe zimatsogolera ku imfa ya zamoyo zam'madzi. Nsomba ndi zamoyo zina zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi cyanide, ndipo ngakhale kuchuluka kwake kumatha kusokoneza kupuma kwawo ndikupangitsa kufa kwa anthu ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, madzi okhala ndi cyanide amatha kulowa m'nthaka, ndikusokoneza chonde m'nthaka komanso kuwononga madzi apansi, omwe ndi magwero ofunikira amadzi akumwa m'madera ambiri. Zotsatira za nthawi yayitali za chilengedwe zimatha kukhala zowononga, kusokoneza chilengedwe chonse ndikupangitsa kuti zamoyo zosiyanasiyana ziwonongeke. Mwachitsanzo, m'madera omwe migodi ya golide wopangidwa ndi cyanide yafala, mitsinje ndi nyanja zapafupi zakhala zikuchepa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa nsomba, ndipo zomera zozungulira zawonongekanso chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nthaka.

Chitetezo ndi Malamulo

Miyezo ya Kampani ya Migodi

Makampani amigodi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide ayenera kutsatira njira zodzitetezera. Choyamba, njira zoyenera zolowera mpweya ndizofunikira. M'madera omwe cyanide imasungidwa, kugwiridwa, kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito, monga malo opangira ore ndi malo otsetsereka, mpweya wokwanira umatsimikizira kuti mpweya uliwonse wa hydrogen cyanide uchepetsedwa. Izi zimaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa mafani amphamvu otulutsa mpweya ndi ma ducting kuti azitulutsa mpweya mosalekeza ndikuyika mpweya wabwino.

Zida zodzitetezera (PPE) sizingakambirane. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kupatsidwa ndi kuvala zodzitchinjiriza za thupi lonse zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosagwirizana ndi mankhwala kuti asakhudze khungu. Chitetezo chopumira, monga masks a gasi okhala ndi zosefera zoyenera zomwe zimatha kugwira nthunzi ya cyanide, ndizofunikira. Magolovesi ndi magalasi otetezera nawonso ndi gawo la gulu la PPE.

Mapulogalamu ophunzitsira ndi maziko a chitetezo. Ogwira ntchito onse omwe akukhudzidwa ndi ntchito iliyonse ya cyanide ayenera kuphunzitsidwa mokwanira. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuphunzira za katundu wa mankhwala, kawopsedwe, ndi njira zolondola zogwiritsira ntchito. Ayenera kuphunzitsidwa mmene angachitire zinthu zadzidzidzi, monga mmene angaperekere thandizo loyamba ngati wapha poizoni wa cyanide ndi mmene angatulukire bwinobwino pakatayikira kapena kutayikira.

Kuyendera ndi kukonza zida pafupipafupi ndikofunikira. Matanki, mapaipi, ma valve, ndi zida zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga cyanide ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi kuti ziwone ngati zawonongeka, zatopa, kapena kuwonongeka kwina. Chida chilichonse chomwe chili ndi vuto chiyenera kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo kuti zisamatulutsidwe mwangozi.

Mapulani oyankha mwadzidzidzi akuyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndikuwunikidwa pafupipafupi. Ngati cyanide itatayika kapena kutayikira, payenera kukhala ndondomeko yomveka bwino yochotsa ogwira ntchito, yomwe ili ndi kutaya, ndi kuyambitsa njira zoyeretsera. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukhala ndi magulu okhudzidwa ndi ngozi omwe ali pamalopo omwe ali ndi zida ndi zipangizo zofunika, monga zoyamwitsa, zochepetsera thupi, ndi ma shawa ochotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Miyezo Yoyang'anira

Mabungwe onse oyendetsera dziko lonse lapansi komanso apadziko lonse lapansi akhazikitsa malangizo okhwima ogwiritsira ntchito sodium cyanide mumigodi. Malamulowa amakhudza mbali iliyonse ya moyo wake, kuyambira kupanga mpaka kutaya.

M'mayiko ambiri, kupanga sodium cyanide kumangokhala malo ochepa ovomerezeka omwe amayenera kutsatira mosamalitsa zachitetezo komanso zachilengedwe. Zomera izi zimawunikiridwa pafupipafupi ndi oyang'anira kuti awonetsetse kuti akutsatira.

Malamulo a zamayendedwe amalamula kuti katundu wa cyanide azilembedwa momveka bwino kuti ndi zinthu zoopsa. Zotengera ndi magalimoto apadera, okhala ndi chitetezo monga zotengera zotayira komanso zida zoyankhira mwadzidzidzi, ndizofunikira. Madalaivala ndi ogwira ntchito zoyendera ayenera kukhala ndi maphunziro apadera ndi ziphaso kuti athe kuyendetsa katundu wowopsa wotere.

Malo osungiramo sodium cyanide ayenera kukwaniritsa mfundo zokhwima. Ayenera kukhala kutali ndi madera okhala ndi anthu komanso magwero a madzi, okhala ndi mipanda yotetezedwa, njira zoloweramo, ndi njira zowunikira. Nyumba zosungiramo zinthu ziyenera kupangidwa kuti ziteteze kudontha ndi kutayikira, zokhala ndi pansi osatha kulowa pansi komanso zosungirako zina.

Ponena za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake mumigodi, nthawi zambiri pamakhala malire pa ndende ndi kuchuluka kwa cyanide yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Makampani opanga migodi akuyeneranso kupereka zowunikira komanso mapulani owongolera zachilengedwe, zomwe zimaphatikizapo njira zopewera ndikuchepetsa kutulutsidwa kwa cyanide.

Mapangano ndi mapangano apadziko lonse lapansi, monga okhudzana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa malire ndi kuwongolera zinyalala zowopsa, amawongoleranso kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Izi zikuwonetsetsa kuti mayiko akugwira ntchito limodzi kuti aletse kufalikira kwa kuipitsa kwa cyanide kudutsa malire ndikulimbikitsa machitidwe okhazikika amigodi padziko lonse lapansi.

Kutsiliza

Pomaliza, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide mu migodi ndi nkhani yovuta yomwe imafuna kusamalidwa bwino pakati Mapindu Azachuma ndi nkhawa zachitetezo. Ngakhale kuti kawopsedwe kake ndi kuthekera kwake kowononga chilengedwe sikunganyalanyazidwe, njira zodzitetezera zoyenera zikatsatiridwa ndi makampani amigodi ndikukhazikitsa malamulo okhwima, kuopsa kogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake kumatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri.

Ntchito zamigodi zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide ziyenera kuwona chitetezo ngati gawo lofunikira la bizinesi yawo. Mwa kuyika ndalama m'makina apamwamba a mpweya wabwino, kupereka PPE yokwanira, ndikuchita maphunziro okhazikika ndi kukonza zida, amatha kuteteza ogwira nawo ntchito ku zoopsa zomwe zimangobwera chifukwa cha cyanide. Kuphatikiza apo, kutsatira malangizo okhudza kasungidwe, kayendedwe, ndi kutaya zinyalala kumathandiza kuteteza chilengedwe ndi madera ozungulira.

Ndikofunikiranso kuzindikira kuti kufufuza kosalekeza kwa njira zina zochotsera golide ndi chitukuko cha umisiri wogwirizana ndi chilengedwe kumapereka chiyembekezo cha mtsogolo momwe makampani amigodi angachepetse kudalira kwake mankhwala oopsa kwambiri monga sodium cyanide. Mpaka nthawiyo, ndikukhalabe maso komanso kudzipereka ku chitetezo, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide mu migodi kungayendetsedwe m'njira yochepetsera kuvulaza ndikuwonjezera phindu lachuma lomwe limapereka.