Udindo Wofunika Kwambiri wa Sodium Hydroxide M'makampani a Metallurgical

Mu gawo lalikulu komanso lovuta kwambiri makampani metallurgical, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), yomwe imadziwika kuti caustic soda kapena lye, imakhala ndi mbali zambiri komanso yofunika kwambiri. Izi amphamvu zamchere pawiri, likupezeka olimba (monga flake kapena granular) ndi madzi mitundu, ndi player kiyi mu njira zosiyanasiyana metallurgical, kuchokera m'zigawo za zitsulo ku ores awo mpaka mapeto a zitsulo mankhwala.

1. Kukonza ndi Kuchotsa Ore

1.1 Kutembenuka kukhala Mchere Wosungunuka

Imodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu za sodium hydroxide mu zitsulo ndikutembenuza zinthu zamtengo wapatali mkati mwa ore kukhala mchere wosungunuka. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri chifukwa zimathandiza kulekanitsa chitsulo chofunidwa ndi zonyansa zosasungunuka zomwe zili muzitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, pochotsa tungsten, njirayi imayamba ndikuwotcha miyala ya tungsten yokhala ndi miyala, monga scheelite kapena wolframite, ndi sodium hydroxide kapena sodium carbonate. Kuwotcha kumeneku kumasintha mchere wa tungsten kukhala soluble sodium tungstate. Soluble sodium tungstate imatha kukonzedwanso, kupatulidwa ndi zotsalira zosasungunuka, ndipo pamapeto pake imasinthidwa kukhala tungsten yoyera kudzera muzotsatira zamankhwala.

1.2 Njira za Leaching

Sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga leaching. Pazitsulo zina zachitsulo, leaching ndi sodium hydroxide solution imatha kusungunula zitsulo. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pazitsulo zotsika kwambiri kapena zovuta zomwe njira zachikhalidwe zosungunulira sizingakhale zotsika mtengo. Pochotsa aluminiyumu kuchokera ku bauxite ore kudzera mu njira ya Bayer, sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa aluminiyamu. Bauxite ili ndi zonyansa monga iron oxides, silica, ndi titanium dioxide. Pamene bauxite amachitira ndi otentha, anaikira sodium hydroxide solution, aluminiyamu amachitira kupanga sungunuka sodium aluminiyamu, pamene zambiri zosafunika amakhalabe sungunuka ndipo akhoza kulekanitsidwa ndi kusefera.

2. Kuyenga zitsulo

2.1 Kuchotsa Zoyipa

pa kuyenga zitsulo, sodium hydroxide imakhala ngati wothandizira amphamvu pochotsa zonyansa zosiyanasiyana kuzitsulo. Imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi ma oxides, sulfides, ndi zonyansa zina zosakhala zitsulo zomwe zimapezeka pamwamba kapena mkati mwazitsulo zachitsulo. Poyenga mkuwa, mwachitsanzo, sodium hydroxide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa zonyansa zamkuwa. Pamene mkuwa wokhala ndi zonyansa za oxide umathandizidwa ndi sodium hydroxide, redox reaction imachitika. Ma ayoni a hydroxide amachepetsa okusayidi yamkuwa kukhala zitsulo zamkuwa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, amapanga mchere wosungunuka wa sodium ndi zonyansa zina zosakhala zachitsulo, zomwe zimatha kuchotsedwa mosavuta. Izi zimathandiza kupititsa patsogolo chiyero ndi khalidwe la mkuwa, kupititsa patsogolo kayendedwe kake ka magetsi ndi makina.

2.2 Electrolytic Refining Support

Mu njira zoyenga za electrolytic, sodium hydroxide imatha kuthandizira kukhazikika kwa electrolyte ndikuthandizira kuyika bwino kwachitsulo choyera pa cathode. Kwa zitsulo zina, monga zinki, m'malo osambira a alkaline electroplating, sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chophatikizira komanso mchere wowongolera. Imaphatikizana ndi ayoni a zinc kupanga ayoni a zincate, omwe amathandizira kuti kusamba kwa plating kukhale kokhazikika komanso kumapangitsa kuti kusamba kukhale bwino. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale yunifolomu kwambiri ya zinki pa cathode, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino - zokutira zinki.

3. Chithandizo cha Pamwamba

3.1 Kuchotsa mafuta ndi kuyeretsa

Pamwamba pazitsulo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zonyansa monga mafuta, mafuta, ndi zotsalira za organic zomwe zimafunika kuchotsedwa musanapitirize kukonza. Sodium hydroxide ndi wothandiza degreasing wothandizira. Imakhudzidwa ndi ma esters amafuta acid omwe amapezeka mumafuta ndi mafuta kudzera munjira yotchedwa saponification. Mwachitsanzo, ma ester a stearic acid mumafuta a masamba akachita ndi sodium hydroxide, amatulutsa madzi - soluble sodium stearate, yomwe imadziwika kuti sopo, ndi glycerol. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kutsuka zowonongeka ndi madzi, kusiya zitsulo zoyera. Njira yoyeretserayi ndiyofunikira pamachitidwe otsatirawa monga electroplating, penti, kapena kuwotcherera, popeza malo oyera amatsimikizira kumamatira bwino kwa zokutira kapena zomangira zolimba.

3.2 Kujambula ndi Kukonzekera Pamwamba

Sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zitsulo. Pakuti zotayidwa ndi aloyi ake, sodium hydroxide chimagwiritsidwa ntchito alkali etching, nthawi zambiri imachitika pamaso anodizing kapena zina. chithandizo pamwamba njira. Etching yokhala ndi sodium hydroxide imapanga mawonekedwe a yunifolomu komanso oyera pamwamba pa aloyi ya aluminiyamu, kukulitsa malo ndikuwongolera kumamatira kwa zokutira zotsatira. Mlingo wa etching ukhoza kuwongoleredwa posintha kuchuluka kwa sodium hydroxide, kutentha, ndi nthawi yowonekera.

4. Desulfurization mu Zitsulo ndi Zina Zitsulo Zopanga

Popanga zitsulo ndi zitsulo zina, sulfure ndi chonyansa chosafunika chifukwa chingayambitse brittleness muzitsulo, kuchepetsa makina ake ndi kuwotcherera. Sodium hydroxide ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati desulfurizing agent. Popanga zitsulo, sodium hydroxide ikawonjezeredwa kuchitsulo chosungunula, imachita ndi sulfure kupanga sodium sulfide. Sodium sulfide yopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunula sichisungunuka kwambiri ndipo imatha kuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito slagging. Izi zimathandiza kuti zitsulo ndi zitsulo zina zikhale bwino pochepetsa sulfure kuti ikhale yovomerezeka.

5. Udindo mu Electrochemical Processes

5.1 Electrolysis ya Aluminium

M'makampani amakono a aluminiyamu, njira ya Hall - Héroult, njira yoyamba yopangira aluminiyamu, imadalira makina a electrolyte. Ngakhale electrolyte yaikulu ndi chisakanizo cha cryolite ndi alumina, sodium hydroxide ikhoza kukhalapo pang'onopang'ono muzosiyana za ndondomekoyi kapena m'magawo oyambirira a chithandizo. Sodium hydroxide imatha kukhudza momwe magetsi amayendera komanso zomwe zimachitika pamagetsi. Imathandiza kuwongolera kuyenda kwapano kudzera mu electrolyte, yomwe ndiyofunikira pakuwola kwa aluminiyamu kukhala aluminiyamu ndi okosijeni pa cathode ndi anode motsatana.

5.2 Zina za Electrochemical Metal Deposition and Recovery

Sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwanso ntchito munjira zina zama electrochemical pakuyika zitsulo ndikuchira. Mwachitsanzo, mu electrodeposition ya zitsulo zina kuchokera ku njira zawo, sodium hydroxide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusintha pH ya yankho la electrolyte. Kusintha kwa pH uku kumatha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu pamachitidwe a electrochemical, kukhudza zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa chitsulo, mtundu wa chitsulo choyikidwa, komanso kusankha kwachitsulo pamene ma ion zitsulo angapo alipo mu yankho.

Pomaliza, sodium hydroxide ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamakampani opanga zitsulo. Ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana mu processing ore, kuyenga zitsulo, mankhwala pamwamba, desulfurization, ndi electrochemical njira zimathandizira kwambiri pakupanga zitsulo zapamwamba ndi zitsulo. Pamene makampani opanga zitsulo akupitirizabe kusintha, ntchito ya sodium hydroxide iyenera kukhala yofunikira kwambiri, kafukufuku wopitilira ndi chitukuko akuyang'ana pa kukhathamiritsa ntchito yake ndi kufufuza ntchito zatsopano kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.