Njira ndi Njira Zochotsera Cyanide pa Sulfide Mineral Surfaces

Introduction

Mu kupindula ndi Kusungunula njira za non-ferrous metal sulfide ores, Cyanide nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera mitengo yobwezeretsa zitsulo. Komabe, a cyanide kukhalabe pamwamba pa miyala ya sulfide sikumangokhudza zotsatira zake komanso kumayambitsa mavuto aakulu a chilengedwe. Choncho, kupanga njira zabwino komanso zowononga zachilengedwe zochotsera cyanide pamwamba pa miyala ya sulfide ndizofunika kwambiri.

Mkhalidwe Wamakono ndi Zowopsa za Cyanide Residue pa Sulfide Mineral Surfaces

Mkhalidwe Wapano

Mwachikhalidwe choyandama cha miyala ya sulfide, cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati choletsa. Ikhoza kulepheretsa mwapadera mchere wina wosafunikira mu miyala ya sulfide, motero imakwaniritsa kulekanitsa kwa mchere womwe umakhudzidwa ndi mchere wa gangue. Koma pambuyo pa kuyandama, kuchuluka kwa cyanide kumakopa pamwamba pa miyala ya sulfide. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wofunikira, m'magawo ena, cyanide yomwe ili pamwamba pa miyala ya sulfide imakhazikika pambuyo poyandama imatha kufika mamiligalamu mazana angapo pa kilogalamu.

Ngozi

Kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo, cyanide yotsalayo idzasokoneza njira yosungunuka yosungunuka. Mwachitsanzo, pakusungunula miyala yamkuwa ya sulfide, cyanide imapanga zinthu zamkuwa, zomwe zimachepetsa kusungunula kwa mkuwa ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Kuchokera ku chilengedwe, cyanide ndi chinthu chakupha kwambiri. Madzi otayira amchere okhala ndi cyanide akatayidwa kumalo achilengedwe, amawononga matupi amadzi ndi dothi, kuyika zamoyo zam'madzi ndi zomera zowazungulira, komanso kuyika chiwopsezo ku thanzi la anthu kudzera muzakudya.

Njira Zochotsera Cyanide pa Sulfide Mineral Surfaces

Njira ya Oxidation

1.Chemical Oxidation Njira

• Mfundo: Gwiritsani ntchito ma okosijeni amphamvu kuti cyanide ikhale yopanda poizoni kapena yopanda poizoni. Ma okosijeni wamba amaphatikizapo hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), etc. Kutenga hydrogen peroxide monga chitsanzo, momwe zimachitikira equation ndi: (2CN + 5H2O2 = 2HCO3 + N2↑ + 4H2O).

• Njira Yothandizira: Choyamba, ikani sulfide ore zamkati okhala cyanide mu thanki zochita ndi kusintha pH mtengo wa zamkati osiyanasiyana yoyenera (zambiri, chifukwa hydrogen peroxide makutidwe ndi okosijeni, pH mtengo makamaka pakati 9 - 11). Kenako, pang'onopang'ono onjezerani yankho la hydrogen peroxide ndikuyambitsa kuti okosijeniyo akhudzidwe ndikuchitapo kanthu ndi zamkati. Zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri zimachokera ku 1 - 3 maola, ndipo nthawi yeniyeni imadalira ndende ya cyanide mu zamkati ndi katundu wa ore.

• ubwino: Liwiro la zomwe zimachitika limakhala lachangu, ndipo kuchotsedwa kwa cyanide ndikwabwino, komwe kumatha kuchepetsa ndende ya cyanide kukhala yotsika kwambiri.

• kuipa: Oxidants monga hydrogen peroxide ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo ma okosijeni ochulukirapo amatha kukhala ndi vuto pakupindula kapena kusungunula.

Njira ya Adsorption

1.Activated Carbon Adsorption Njira

• Mfundo: Mpweya wopangidwa ndi activated uli ndi malo akuluakulu enieni komanso malo olemera a pore, omwe amatha kutulutsa cyanide pamtunda wake kudzera mu malonda ndi mankhwala.

• Njira Yothandizira: Onjezani carbon activated ku sulfide ore zamkati zomwe zili ndi cyanide ndikugwedezani bwino kuti mpweya woyamwayo ugwirizane ndi cyanide mu zamkati. Nthawi ya adsorption nthawi zambiri imakhala mphindi 30 mpaka maola awiri. Pambuyo pa adsorption, alekanitse mpweya wopangidwa ndi zamkati mwa kusefera kapena njira zina.

• ubwino: Opaleshoniyo ndi yosavuta, ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino za adsorption pa low - concentration cyanide. Mpweya wopangidwa ndi activated ukhoza kupangidwanso ndi kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.

• kuipa: Kwa cyanide yapamwamba kwambiri, mphamvu yotsatsa imakhala yochepa, ndipo chithandizo chosayenera cha adsorbed activated carbon chimayambitsa kuipitsa kwachiwiri.

2.Ion - Kusinthana kwa Resin Adsorption Njira

• Mfundo: Ion - ma resins osinthanitsa ali ndi magulu ogwirira ntchito omwe amatha kusinthana ndi ayoni mu cyanide, potero adsorbing cyanide pa utomoni.

• Njira Yothandizira: Kwezani utomoni wa ion - kusinthana kwa utomoni wosinthira ndikupangitsa kuti miyala ya sulfide ore yomwe ili ndi cyanide idutse pamzere wosinthitsa. Yang'anirani kuthamanga kwa zamkati kuti muwonetsetse kuti cyanide ikusinthana kwathunthu ndi utomoni. Pamene utomoni uli wodzaza ndi adsorption, gwiritsani ntchito eluent kuti mutengere ndi kukonzanso utomoniwo.

• ubwino: Ili ndi kusankha kwapamwamba kwa cyanide ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito mosalekeza.

• kuipa: Mtengo wa utomoni ndi wokwera, njira ya elution ndi yovuta, ndipo cyanide - yomwe ili ndi madzi otayira a elution akhoza kupangidwa.

Njira Zina

1.Acid - Base Neutralization Njira

• Mfundo: Nthawi zina, cyanide imakumana ndi hydrolysis m'malo okhala acidic kapena amchere kuti apange zinthu zochepa zapoizoni kapena zopanda poizoni. Mwachitsanzo, mu chikhalidwe cha acidic, cyanide idzachitapo kanthu ndi hydrogen ions kupanga hydrocyanic acid (HCN), yomwe imatha kuchotsedwa ndi volatilization; mumkhalidwe wamchere, cyanide hydrolyzes kupanga cyanate ndi zinthu zina.

• Njira Yothandizira: Ngati acidic hydrolysis anatengera, pang`onopang`ono kuwonjezera njira acidic monga kuchepetsa sulfuric asidi kuti sulfide ore zamkati munali cyanide, kusintha pH mtengo 2 - 4. ndiyeno aerate kuti volatilize kwaiye asidi hydrocyanic. Ngati alkaline hydrolysis yatengedwa, onjezerani zinthu zamchere monga sodium hydroxide, sinthani pH mtengo kukhala 10 - 12. ndikuchitapo kanthu kwa nthawi inayake (nthawi zambiri 2 - 4 hours).

• ubwino: Mtengo wake ndi wochepa, ndipo ntchitoyo ndi yosavuta.

• kuipa: The asidi hydrocyanic kwaiye pa acidic hydrolysis ndi poizoni kwambiri ndipo amafuna kwambiri chitetezo njira; Liwiro la alkaline hydrolysis limachedwa, ndipo pangakhalebe zotsalira zazing'ono za cyanide pambuyo pa chithandizo.

Mapangidwe a Flow Flow Pochotsa Cyanide pa Sulfide Mineral Surfaces

Pretreatment Stage

1. Kusintha kwa Pulp: Sinthani ndende ya sulfide ore zamkati pambuyo kuyandama. Nthawi zambiri, ndende ya zamkati imayendetsedwa pakati pa 20% - 40% pamankhwala wotsatira. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kudziwa koyamba cyanide ndende mu zamkati kupereka maziko kudziwa wotsatira ndondomeko magawo.

2. Kuchotsa Chidetso: Chotsani zazikulu - tinthu zonyansa ndi zina zolimba inaimitsidwa mu zamkati ndi kusefera, sedimentation, etc., kuwaletsa kusokoneza wotsatira njira mankhwala.

Gawo Lochotsa

1. Kusankha Njira: Sankhani njira yoyenera yochotsera molingana ndi zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa cyanide mu zamkati, katundu wa ore, mtengo wamankhwala, komanso zofunikira zoteteza chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, kwa mkulu - ndende cyanide ndi milandu pamene mtengo si nkhawa, mankhwala Njira ya oxidation akhoza kupatsidwa patsogolo; pa zochitika zochepa za cyanide komanso zachilengedwe, njira yotulutsa okosijeni yachilengedwe kapena njira ya adsorption ingakhale yoyenera.

2. Njira Yoyang'anira Parameter: Kutenga hydrogen peroxide oxidation mu thupi Chemical oxidation njira mwachitsanzo, mosamalitsa kulamulira kuchuluka kwa peroxide wa hydrogen anawonjezera (zambiri masamu monga cyanide ndende ndi anachita equation), anachita kutentha (nthawi zambiri 20 - 30 ℃), pH mtengo (9 - 11), ndi oyambitsa liwiro (100 - 300 zosintha pa mphindi) ndi magawo ena kuonetsetsa kuchita bwino.

Post - mankhwala Gawo

1. Zolimba - Kupatukana kwamadzi: kulekanitsa zamkati pambuyo cyanide kuchotsa ndi kusefera, centrifugation, etc.

2. Chithandizo Chinyalala: Yambitsaninso madzi oyipa olekanitsidwa kuti akwaniritse miyezo yadziko lonse. Sekondale oxidation, adsorption, ndi njira zina zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa mozama cyanide m'madzi onyansa kuti atsimikize bwino.

Kutsiliza

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zochotsera cyanide pamwamba pa miyala ya sulfide, ndipo njira iliyonse ili ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zake. Pakugwiritsa ntchito, ndikofunikira kuganizira mozama zinthu monga zida za ore, ndende ya cyanide, mtengo wamankhwala, komanso zofunikira pachitetezo cha chilengedwe kuti musankhe njira zoyenera ndikuyenda. Pokhala ndi zovuta zoteteza chilengedwe komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, kupangidwa kwamatekinoloje ogwira mtima, okonda zachilengedwe, komanso otsika mtengo ochotsa cyanide pamwamba pa miyala ya sulfide ndiye njira yayikulu yofufuzira m'tsogolomu. Kupyolera mu kukhathamiritsa kopitilira muyeso, akuyembekezeka kukwaniritsa zero - kutulutsa kwa cyanide pakupindula ndi kusungunula kwa ores a sulfide ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika chamakampani osakhala achitsulo.