Kafukufuku wa Njira Yobwezeretsanso Mkuwa mu Madzi a Cyanide Copper Plating

1. Introduction

Kukhazikitsa njira yosungira zachilengedwe komanso yopulumutsa ma electroplating ndiyo mitu iwiri yayikulu pakukula kokhazikika kwamakampani opanga ma electroplating. Pankhani ya kuchepa kwa zitsulo zopanda chitsulo padziko lonse lapansi komanso kukwera kosalekeza kwa mtengo wa zida zachitsulo za electroplating, kukhazikitsidwa kwaukadaulo wopulumutsa ma electroplating kwakopa chidwi kwambiri. Mabizinesi aku China opanga ma electroplating ali ndi mbiri yachitukuko chachifupi. Pachiyambi choyamba cha chitukuko, panali kusowa kwa ndalama ndi teknoloji yam'mbuyo. Mafakitole ambiri ang'onoang'ono opangira ma electroplating samadziwa za kubwezeredwa kwa zitsulo m'madzi otayira a electroplating, osasiyapo kafukufuku wa njira zochira. Za cyanide mkuwa plating ndi mkuwa aloyi electroplating madzi zinyalala, ndi precipitates opangidwa ndi divalent mkuwa pambuyo cyanide kuswa ndi particles zabwino, chifukwa mu mpweya zovuta ndi kulekana ndi mkulu ndalama. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuphunzira njira zatsopano zochira.

2. Mfundo za Njira

2.1 Chithandizo cha Cyanide Copper Plating ndi Copper Alloy Wastewater

Mu njira yachikhalidwe yosweka cyanide pogwiritsa ntchito sodium hypochlorite, pH ya madzi otayira okhala ndi cyanide iyenera kusinthidwa kukhala 11 - 12. Nthawi zambiri powonjezera sodium hydroxide. Panthawi yosweka cyanide, cyanide imasinthidwa kukhala Carbon Dioxide ndi nayitrogeni, ndi ma ayoni a mkuwa a monovalent amasungunuka kukhala ma ayoni a mkuwa a divalent, omwe kenako amapanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta carbonate ya mkuwa yomwe imayikidwa m'madzi otayira. Kusungunuka kwachilengedwe kumatenga tsiku lonse ndipo sikungathe kubweretsa mvula yonse. Kuchuluka kwa coagulant aid ndi flocculant kumafunika kuti mvula yonse igwere komanso kulekanitsidwa. Kale, pamene mkuwa sunapezekenso, madzi otayira pambuyo pa kusweka kwa cyanide ankasakanizidwa ndi madzi otayira okhala ndi asidi, omwe ankakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya laimu. Basic copper carbonate inkalowetsedwa pa precipitates mu madzi otayira ndipo pamapeto pake inkalowetsedwa ndikulekanitsidwa.

Njira yatsopano yothyola cyanide ndikuwonjezera laimu kuti musinthe pH. Mpweya woipa wopangidwa pamene cyanide ikuphwanyidwa umagwirizana ndi calcium oxide kupanga calcium carbonate. Pa nthawi yomweyo, zofunika mkuwa carbonate co-precipitates ndi kashiamu carbonate kupanga lalikulu tinthu precipitates.

2.2 Kusamalira Madzi Otayidwa Ena Okhala ndi Mkuwa

Ma ion a mkuwa omwe ali m'madzi otayidwa a acidic onyezimira amatha kuchita ndi laimu kupanga copper hydroxide, ndipo sulfuric acid imachita ndi laimu kupanga calcium sulfate ndi madzi. M'madzi otayidwa amkuwa a pyrophosphate, ma ayoni amkuwa a pyrophosphate ndi amkuwa amakhala ngati zovuta. Akathiridwa ndi laimu, pyrophosphate radical imakumana ndi calcium oxide kupanga calcium pyrophosphate precipitate, ndipo ayoni amkuwa amachitira ndi calcium oxide kupanga copper hydroxide.

3. Njira Yokonzanso

3.1 Mapangidwe a Madzi Onyansa Okhala ndi Mkuwa

Madzi otayira okhala ndi mkuwa amaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo monga cyanide copper plating, copper-zinc alloy, copper-tin alloy, acidic copper plating, ndi madzi otayira amkuwa a pyrophosphate. cyanide copper plating, copper-zinc alloy, and copper-tin alloy alloy aloyi alowa mu thanki yosinthira madzi oyipa okhala ndi cyanide, pomwe plating yamkuwa yonyezimira komanso madzi otayira amkuwa a pyrophosphate amalowa mu thanki yosinthira madzi oyipa okhala ndi mkuwa. Cyanide copper plating ndi madzi amkuwa a alloy ali ndi zinthu zovuta monga Sodium cyanide, potaziyamu sodium tartrate, ndi ammonium thiocyanate, omwe amapanga ma complexes okhala ndi ayoni amkuwa. Madzi otayidwa a Copper pyrophosphate plating amakhala ndi ma copper pyrophosphate complexes. Cyanide copper plating ndi copper alloy alloy madzi amawononga pafupifupi 90% ya madzi oipa onse okhala ndi mkuwa, pomwe acidic copper plating ndi copper pyrophosphate plating madzi otayira amakhala pafupifupi 10%.

3.2 Njira ya Oxidation ya Copper Complexes

Musanabwezeretse mkuwa, ndikofunikira kuthyola zida zamkuwa zomwe zili m'madzi otayidwa a electroplating ndikuyika ma Cu⁺ ion mu Cu²⁺ ions. Njira yophatikizira ya sodium hypochlorite solution ndi hydrogen peroxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuswa cyanide ndi zinthu zovuta monga potaziyamu sodium tartrate. Pali akasinja atatu ophwanya cyanide. Madzi onyansa okhala ndi cyanide ndi madzi onyansa okhala ndi mkuwa amaponyedwa mu thanki yoyamba yophwanyira cyanide. Mkaka wa mandimu umawonjezeredwa kuti usinthe pH kufika pa 11 - 12. ndipo kuchuluka kwa mkaka wa mandimu kumasinthidwa ndi pH control system. Pa nthawi yomweyo, sodium hypochlorite njira anawonjezera kuswa cyanide. Hydrogen peroxide imawonjezeredwa ku tanki yachiwiri yophwanya cyanide kuti apitirize kuswa cyanide ndi oxidizing complexing agents monga potaziyamu sodium tartrate. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono, thanki yachitatu yosweka cyanide imawonjezedwa. Mugawo lachitatu la cyanide-breaking tank, kuchotsedwa kwa cyanide ndi zinthu zovuta monga potaziyamu sodium tartrate zimawunikidwa malinga ndi kafukufuku wamankhwala komanso chidziwitso. Ndikamaliza kachitidwe ka okosijeni, Cu⁺ m'madzi onyansa amasinthidwa kukhala Cu²⁺, ndipo ma copper carbonate ndi copper hydroxide precipitates amapangidwa. Panthawiyi, mkuwa wa pyrophosphate plating madzi otayira amachitira ndi laimu, zovuta zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mkuwa ndi pyrophosphate radical zimasweka, ndipo mkuwa wa hydroxide umapangidwa. Deta yowunikira ikuwonetsa kuti njirayi imatha kupanga madzi otayira kuti akwaniritse miyezo yotulutsa. Kuonjezera laimu kuti musinthe pH ndi ma ayoni amkuwa amkuwa kumachepetsa mtengo wamankhwala, ndipo laimu amakhalanso ngati chithandizo cha coagulant ndikuchepetsa kwathunthu pyrophosphate radical.

3.3 Kubwezeretsa Mkuwa

Pazomwe tafotokozazi, ma ion amkuwa m'madzi onyansa a electroplating amasinthidwa kukhala ma copper carbonate precipitates. Ngati kuchuluka kwa laimu wowonjezera ndi kwakukulu, ayoni amkuwa amathanso kusinthidwa kukhala copper hydroxide precipitates. Popeza laimu amafunikira kuti pyrophosphate ipitirire m'madzi otayidwa ndi copper pyrophosphate plating, kuchuluka kwa laimu wowonjezera sikungakhale kochepa kwambiri. Mtengo wa laimu ndi wotsika kwambiri, ndipo ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa mowonjezera moyenerera panthawi ya chithandizo.

Madzi otayira okhala ndi cyanide komanso amkuwa atatsukidwa m'matangi atatu ophwanya cyanide, amathamangira mu thanki ya flocculation. Sodium pyrosulfite ndi anawonjezera kuti flocculation thanki kuchepetsa owonjezera wa hydrogen peroxide, ndi polyacrylamide flocculant anawonjezera kuti mpweya particles kukula lalikulu. Ngati sodium pyrosulfite si anawonjezera ku flocculation thanki, otsala wa hydrogen peroxide pambuyo cyanide kuswa kuwola kutulutsa mpweya, amene adsorbed pamwamba pa mpweya particles ndi kuchititsa precipitates kuyandama. Kuchuluka kwa sodium pyrosulfite yowonjezeredwa kuyenera kukhala kotero kuti madziwo asayandama, ndipo kupitirira koyenera ndikovomerezeka.

Pambuyo podutsa mu thanki ya flocculation, madzi otayira amalowa mu thanki ya sedimentation ya chubu. Madziwo akasiyanitsidwa ndi madzi, amalowa m'thanki ya sedimentation thickening, kenako amasefedwa ndi makina osindikizira. Keke yosefera imabwezeretsedwa, ndipo kusefera kumabwereranso ku thanki yosinthira. Keke yopezekanso yokhala ndi mkuwa imagulidwa ndi kampani yaukadaulo ndikutumizidwa kwa katswiri wopanga kuti apange copper sulfate kapena itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga electrolytic copper.

4. Phindu

Madzi otayira okhala ndi mkuwa amapangidwa m'magawo anayi a electroplating. The kusanthula ndi kuwunika deta zikusonyeza kuti avareji misa ndende ya mkuwa mu Cyanide mkuwa plating madzi oipa ndi 345mg/L, ndiye kuti, toni iliyonse ya madzi oipa imakhala ndi 0.345kg yamkuwa. Kuchuluka kwa madzi otayira amkuwa a cyanide pamwezi ndi pafupifupi 4600t, okhala ndi 1587kg zamkuwa. Pamodzi ndi mkuwa m'madzi ena onyansa okhala ndi mkuwa, pafupifupi 1700kg yamkuwa imatha kubwezedwa pamwezi. Ndalama zomwe kampani imapeza pamwezi pogulitsa matope okhala ndi mkuwa ndi RMB 30.000 - 40.000. Kubwezeretsanso kwamakampani mkuwa kuchokera kumadzi otayira a electroplating kumapewa kusagwiritsa ntchito bwino kwazitsulo zamkuwa, osati kungochepetsa mtengo wa electroplating komanso kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri kwa matope a electroplating kupita ku chilengedwe, kupeza phindu labwino pazachuma komanso pagulu.

5. Kutsiliza

Makampani opanga ma electroplating ndi bizinesi yowononga kwambiri. Pakalipano momwe njira zochizira ndi matekinoloje amadzi otayira a electroplating ku China ndizobwerera m'mbuyo, kuphunzira mwachangu njira zochiritsira zitsulo zosakhala ndi chitsulo mumadzi otayira a electroplating ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukhazikitsa njira yopulumutsira zinthu komanso zachilengedwe komanso kusunga chitukuko chokhazikika chamakampani opanga ma electroplating. Njira yochizira plating yamkuwa ya cyanide ndi madzi ena amkuwa okhala ndi mkuwa kuti apezenso mkuwa pogwiritsa ntchito laimu wophunziridwa mu pepalali wawonetsa zotsatira zabwino pazogwiritsa ntchito zothandiza, zomwe zimapereka njira yotheka kuti pakhale chitukuko chobiriwira chamakampani opanga ma electroplating.