Mitundu Yodziwika ya Cyanides

Cyanides ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe ali ndi gulu la cyano (-CN). Iwo amadziwika chifukwa cha reactivity mkulu ndi kawopsedwe. M'nkhaniyi, tiona zina mwa mitundu yofala kwambiri ya Cyanides, katundu wawo, ndi ntchito zawo.

Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)

Hydrogeni cyanide, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti prussic acid, ndi madzi opanda mtundu, osasunthika kwambiri komanso amanunkhira owawa a amondi. Ndi poizoni kwambiri ndipo akhoza kupha ngakhale pang'ono mlingo. HCN imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale, monga kupanga mapulasitiki, ulusi wopangira, ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pofukula golide ndi siliva ku miyala yamtengo wapatali.

Sodium Cyanide (NaCN)

Sodium cyanide ndi yoyera, yolimba ya crystalline yomwe imasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi. Ndi imodzi mwazogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri cyanides mu mafakitale. NaCN imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu electroplating, kuyeretsa zitsulo, ndi kuchotsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga mankhwala ndi mankhwala ena.

Potaziyamu Cyanide (KCN)

Potaziyamu cyanide ndi ofanana ndi katundu Sodium Cyanide. Ndi yoyera, yolimba ya crystalline yomwe imasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi. KCN amagwiritsidwanso ntchito electroplating, kuyeretsa zitsulo, ndi m'zigawo za zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu labotale ngati reagent.

Cyanogen Chloride (CNCl)

Cyanogen chloride ndi mpweya wopanda mtundu wokhala ndi fungo loyipa. Ndi poizoni kwambiri ndipo angayambitse vuto lalikulu la kupuma. CNCl imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala ena komanso ngati mankhwala ankhondo.

Organic Cyanides (Nitriles)

Organic cyanides, omwe amadziwikanso kuti nitriles, ndi mankhwala omwe gulu la cyano limamangiriridwa ku atomu ya carbon mu molekyulu yachilengedwe. Zitsanzo za organic cyanides zikuphatikizapo acetonitrile (CH3CN), propionitrile (CH3CH2CN), ndi benzonitrile (C6H5CN). Nitriles amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga zosungunulira, zopangira ma organic synthesis, komanso kupanga ma polima.

Mchere wa Cyanide

Kuwonjezera pa sodium ndi Potaziyamu Cyanide, pali mchere wina wa cyanide, monga calcium cyanide (Ca(CN)2), barium cyanide (Ba(CN)2), ndi ammonium cyanide (NH4CN). Mcherewu umagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zamakampani.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti ma cyanides ndi owopsa kwambiri ndipo amatha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu ku thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe. Chitetezo choyenera chiyenera kuchitidwa pogwira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito cyanides. Ngati akhudzidwa ndi cyanides, chithandizo chamankhwala chiyenera kufunidwa.