Kuwononga Kuwonongeka kwa Sodium Cyanide mu Njira Yoyeretsera Golide

Introduction

Kuyenga golidi ndi njira yovuta yomwe cholinga chake ndi kuyeretsa golide kuchokera ku miyala yake kapena mawonekedwe odetsedwa. Mwa njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito Sodium cyanide m'zigawo za golidi ndi kuyenga ndondomeko yafala kwa nthawi yaitali. Sodium cyanide imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakulekanitsa golide ndi miyala yake kudzera munjira yotchedwa Kutentha kwa cyanide. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa kwambiriwa kumabweretsa zoopsa zachilengedwe komanso thanzi, kupanga Kuwongolera zanyumba chofunikira mtheradi.

Udindo wa Sodium Cyanide mu Kuyenga Golide

Njira ya Cyanide Leaching

Cyanide leaching ndi njira yodziwika mumigodi ya golide ndi kuyenga. Sodium cyanide (NaCN) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula golidi kuchokera ku ore. Pamaso pa oxygen, Sodium Cyanide imakhudzidwa ndi golide kupanga zosungunuka zagolide za cyanide. Mwachitsanzo, pochotsa milu, mankhwala a cyanide amawapopera pa milu ya miyala yophwanyidwa yomwe imafalikira pamapadi akuluakulu. Njira ya cyanide imadutsa mulu wa ore, ndikusungunula golide, yemwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu yankho. Mu tank leaching, yomwe imachitika m'malo olamulidwa kwambiri ngati akasinja akulu, njirayo ndi yofanana, koma imapanga michira ngati chiwonongeko.

Zomwe Zimakhudzidwa ndi Chemical

Mu cyanide leaching ya golidi, sodium cyanide, kuphatikiza ndi mpweya ndi madzi, amachitira ndi golide mu miyala. Kugwirizana kwa mankhwala kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti pakhale chinthu chosungunuka chomwe chimakhala ndi golide. Golide wosungunukayu amatha kukonzedwanso kudzera munjira zotsatila kuti apezenso golide weniweni.

Kuopsa kwa Kuwonongeka kwa Sodium Cyanide

Mphamvu Zachilengedwe

Kuwonongeka kwa cyanide kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zowononga chilengedwe. Ngati mayankho a cyanide atuluka kuchokera kuzinthu zosungiramo zinthu monga akasinja, maiwe, kapena panthawi ya mayendedwe, amatha kuyipitsa nthaka, mabwalo amadzi, ndi mpweya. M'madzi, cyanide imatha kupha zamoyo zam'madzi, ndikusokoneza chilengedwe chonse. Mwachitsanzo, imatha kulepheretsa kupuma kwa nsomba ndi zamoyo zina za m'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zife. M'nthaka, cyanide imatha kusokoneza kukula kwa zomera ndi ntchito zazing'ono zam'nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yosayenera ulimi.

Ngozi Zaumoyo kwa Anthu

Sodium cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri kwa anthu. Ngakhale zochepa zimatha kupha. Kukoka mpweya, kumeza, kapena kukhudzana ndi khungu ndi cyanide kungayambitse poyizoni. Cyanide imalepheretsa mphamvu ya thupi kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya, zomwe zimatsogolera ku zizindikiro monga kupuma mofulumira, chizungulire, mutu, ndipo nthawi zambiri, kupuma kulephera ndi imfa. Kuwonetsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali kwa cyanide kungathenso kukhala ndi thanzi labwino pamanjenje, chithokomiro, ndi ziwalo zina.

Njira Zowononga Kuwononga

Ulamuliro Waumisiri

Containment Systems

Kufunika Kwambiri: Zovala zapamwamba za polyurea nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika malo amkati a akasinja, maiwe osungiramo madzi, ndi mabeseni osungiramo momwe madzi a cyanide amasungidwa. Polyurea imapereka kukana kwamphamvu kwamankhwala, kumalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa cyanide pazinthu zosungira. Ilinso ndi nthawi yochiritsa mwachangu, kulola kuyika mwachangu komanso kuchepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito zamigodi.

Kusungidwa Kwachiwiri: Kuphatikiza pa zingwe zoyambira, zida zachiwiri zosungira ndizofunikira. Zopaka za polyurea zimatha kuyika pansi, makoma, ndi malo ena ozungulira malo oyambira. Izi zimapanga zosanjikiza zosunga zobwezeretsera kuti zigwire kutayikira kulikonse komwe kungatayike. Ngakhale chosungira chachikulu chitha kulephera chifukwa cha zinthu zosayembekezereka monga kuwonongeka kwa makina kapena dzimbiri, chosungira chachiwiricho chingalepheretse cyanide kuthawira ku chilengedwe.

Njira Zodziwira Leak

Kuyika makina apamwamba ozindikira kutayikira ndikofunikira. Makinawa amatha kuwunika mosalekeza kukhulupirika kwa zida zosungira. Mwachitsanzo, makina ena amagwiritsa ntchito masensa kuti azindikire kusintha kwa kuthamanga, kuyenda, kapena kupanga mankhwala mkati mwa makina osungira. Ngati kutayikira kwapezeka, kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga kuti apewe kuipitsidwanso.

Kukhathamiritsa kwa Njira

Njira Zina Zophunzitsira

Ofufuza nthawi zonse amafufuza njira zina zopangira cyanide leaching kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Imodzi mwa njira zimenezi ndi bioleaching, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kutulutsa golide mu miyalayi. Mabakiteriya ena amatha oxidize sulfure - kukhala ndi mchere mu ore, kutulutsa golide. Njira imeneyi ndi yabwino kwambiri ku chilengedwe chifukwa simaphatikizirapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa monga cyanide. Njira inanso ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito thiosulfate leaching, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mchere wa thiosulfate m'malo mwa cyanide kusungunula golide. Ngakhale kuti thiosulfate leaching ili ndi zovuta zake monga kuwongolera njira zovuta komanso kuchepa kwa golide nthawi zina, imapereka njira yothetsera kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa cyanide.

Kupititsa patsogolo Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri

Kuwongolera njira yobwezeretsanso golide kungathandizenso kuwononga chilengedwe. Pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a golide kuchokera ku cyanide solutions, zinyalala zocheperapo za cyanide zidzapangidwa. Njira zamakono zosefera ndi kulekanitsa zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuonetsetsa kuti golidi wochuluka momwe angathere amachotsedwa ku njira za cyanide zisanatayidwe. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide yomwe imayenera kuthandizidwa muzowonongeka.

zinyalala Management

Chithandizo cha Cyanide - Chokhala ndi Zinyalala

Cyanide - yomwe ili ndi zinyalala, monga ma tailing a tank leaching, imayenera kusamalidwa bwino kuti ichepetse kawopsedwe. Njira imodzi yochiritsira yodziwika bwino ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito makutidwe ndi okosijeni wamankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera hydrogen peroxide (\(H_2O_2\)) kapena klorini - zochokera ku okosijeni ku cyanide - zomwe zili ndi zinyalala zimatha kusintha cyanide kukhala mankhwala owopsa kwambiri. Kupyolera mu ndondomeko ya okosijeni iyi, chiwopsezo chambiri cha cyanide chimachepetsedwa.

Kutaya Zinyalala Zosamalidwa Motetezedwa

Pambuyo pa chithandizo, zinyalalazo ziyenera kutayidwa bwino. Michira imatha kusungidwa muzitsulo zopangidwa mwapadera zomwe zimakutidwa ndi zida kuti zisamatayike. Zotsekerazi ziyenera kukhala m'malo omwe kulibe chiopsezo chocheperako chowononga magwero a madzi kapena madera ena ovuta kwambiri. Kuwunika pafupipafupi kwa zotsekera ndikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti palibe kutayikira komwe kumachitika pakapita nthawi.

Kutsatira Koyang'anira

Malamulo ndi Malamulo Oyendetsera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Cyanide

Pali malamulo okhwima ndi malamulo am'deralo, dziko, ndi mayiko omwe amalamulira kagwiritsidwe ntchito, kasungidwe, kayendedwe, ndi kutaya kwa sodium cyanide mu Kuyenga golide makampani. Mwachitsanzo, m’mayiko ambiri, makampani opanga migodi amafunika kupeza zilolezo zogwiritsira ntchito cyanide, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusonyeza kuti ali ndi njira zoyendetsera kuwononga chilengedwe. Ayeneranso kutsatira malire enieni a kuchuluka kwa cyanide yomwe ingatulutsidwe m'chilengedwe.

Kuyang'anira ndi Kukwaniritsa

Mabungwe a boma ali ndi udindo wowunika momwe ntchito zoyenga golide zikutsatiridwa ndi malamulowa. Kuwunika pafupipafupi kwa malo opangira migodi, ma laboratories, ndi malo osungira zinyalala kumachitika kuti awonetsetse kuti makampani akutsatira njira zoyenera zogwirira ntchito ya sodium cyanide. Ngati palibe kutsata, zilango zitha kuperekedwa, zomwe zingaphatikizepo chindapusa, kuyimitsidwa kwa ntchito, kapena kuchotsedwa kwa zilolezo.

Kutsiliza

Kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide pakuyenga golide ndi lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse. Ngakhale kuti ndi njira yabwino yochotsera golidi, zoopsa zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kuipitsa ndizofunika kwambiri. Komabe, kudzera m'magulu olamulira a uinjiniya, kukhathamiritsa kwa njira, kasamalidwe koyenera ka zinyalala, komanso kutsata malamulo okhwima, ndizotheka kuchepetsa zoyipa za kuyipitsa kwa sodium cyanide pakuyenga golide. Kupitiliza kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha umisiri wina ndi njira zowongolera zowononga ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire chitukuko chokhazikika chamakampani oyenga golide ndikuteteza chilengedwe ndi thanzi la anthu.