Ukadaulo Watsopano Wam'zigawo Zagolide: Pressure Oxidation - Cyanidation process

1. Introduction

Golide wakhala akukhala wamtengo wapatali m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira kupanga zodzikongoletsera mpaka zamagetsi ndi zachuma. Kuchotsa golide m'mafakitale ake moyenera komanso mwachuma ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pantchito yamigodi ya golide. Zachikhalidwe Cyanidation ndondomeko, amene amagwiritsa cyanide monga leaching agent kuti asungunuke golide kuchokera ku miyala, wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa leaching ndi kusankha bwino. Komabe, ilinso ndi malire, makamaka pochita nayo Ores golide Refractory. Ores golide refractory ndi omwe golide nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndi mchere wa sulfide, ndipo njira yachikhalidwe ya cyanidation siyingatulutse golide kuchokera kwa iwo. Izi zadzetsa chitukuko cha matekinoloje atsopano, pakati pawo kuthamanga kwa okosijeni - cyanidation process imawonekera.

2. Mfundo ya Pressure Oxidation - Cyanidation Process

2.1 Pressure Oxidation

Gawo loyamba la ndondomeko yatsopanoyi ndi kuthamanga kwa okosijeni. Muzitsulo zagolide, golide nthawi zambiri amaikidwa mkati mwa mchere wa sulfide monga pyrite ndi arsenopyrite. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, cyanide sangathe kupeza golide bwino. Pressure oxidation imachitika mu autoclave pa kutentha kokwera (nthawi zambiri 120 - 220 ° C) ndi kupsinjika (mamlengalenga angapo). M'malo otentha kwambiri komanso othamanga kwambiri, mchere wa sulfide ndi okosijeni. Njira ya okosijeniyi imaphwanya mchere wa sulfide, kutulutsa golide wotsekedwa ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yofikirika pa sitepe yotsatira ya cyanidation.

2.2 Cyanidation

Pambuyo pa kuthamanga kwa okosijeni, slurry ya ore imayendetsedwa ndi cyanidation. Ma cyanide ions amachita ndi golide pamaso pa okosijeni. Golideyo amapanga chosungunuka chosungunuka chokhala ndi ma cyanide ions, omwe amatha kupatulidwa ndi zida zotsalira za ore kudzera m'njira monga kulekanitsa kwamadzimadzi.

3. Njira Yoyenda

3.1 Kukonzekera Ore

Gawo loyamba ndikukonzekera miyala. The yaiwisi refractory golide ore poyamba kuphwanyidwa ndi kudulidwa kuti tinthu tating'ono. Izi zimawonjezera kumtunda kwa ore, zomwe zimakhala zopindulitsa pakupanga makutidwe ndi okosijeni komanso njira za cyanidation. Cholinga ndi kukwaniritsa tinthu kukula kuti amalola kothandiza zimachitikira mankhwala akadali manageable mu wotsatira masitepe processing.

3.2 Pressure Oxidation Stage

Mwala wopangidwa bwino umalowetsedwa mu autoclave. Oxygen imalowetsedwa mu autoclave, ndipo kutentha ndi kupanikizika kumasinthidwa kuti zikhale zoyenera. Nthawi yokhala mu autoclave imasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa ore koma nthawi zambiri imakhala maola angapo. Panthawi imeneyi, mchere wa sulfide mu ore ndi oxidized. Pambuyo pakutha kwa oxidation, slurry imachotsedwa mu autoclave.

3.3 Gawo la Cyanidation

Oxidized ore slurry amakhazikika ndikusamutsidwa ku thanki ya cyanidation. Njira yothetsera cyanide, kawirikawiri Sodium Cyanide, amawonjezeredwa ku thanki. The slurry imakwiyitsidwa kuti zitsimikizire kulumikizana kwabwino pakati pa yankho la cyanide ndi tinthu tating'ono ta ore. Golide yemwe ali mu ore amakumana ndi ma cyanide ions kupanga chosungunuka chosungunuka. Njira ya cyanidation nthawi zambiri imatenga maola angapo kuti ifike pamtunda Kuchotsa golide mtengo.

3.4 Kubwezeretsa Golide

Pambuyo pa ndondomeko ya cyanidation, sitepe yotsatira ndikubwezeretsa golide ku yankho la cyanide. Njira imodzi yodziwika bwino ndi njira ya carbon - in - pulp (CIP) kapena carbon - in - leach (CIL). Mpweya wopangidwa ndi cyanide umawonjezeredwa ku yankho la cyanide, ndipo golide - cyanide complex ndi adsorbed pamwamba pa carbon activated. Mpweya wokhala ndi golide wonyezimira umasiyanitsidwa ndi yankho. Njira ina ndi mpweya wa zinki, kumene ufa wa zinki umawonjezeredwa ku njira ya cyanide. Zinc imachotsa golide kuchokera ku zovuta, kupanga golide wachitsulo, yemwe amatha kusefedwa ndikuyengedwanso.

3.5 Chithandizo cha Michira

The slurry otsala pambuyo kuchira golide ndi tailings. Popeza kuti mchirawo ungakhalebe ndi cyanide ndi zinthu zina zovulaza, chithandizo choyenera ndi chofunikira. Michira nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa ndi detoxification kuti iwononge cyanide yotsalayo. Izi zitha kutheka kudzera njira monga mankhwala okosijeni kapena mankhwala kwachilengedwenso. Pambuyo pa detoxification, tailings akhoza kutayidwa bwinobwino.

4. Ubwino wa Pressure Oxidation - Cyanidation Process

4.1 Mlingo Wapamwamba Wobwezeretsa Golide

Kwa ore a golide wosakanizidwa, kuthamanga kwa oxidation - cyanidation process imatha kukwanitsa kubweza golide wokwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi cyanidation yachikhalidwe. Nthawi zina, kubweza golide kumatha kufika pa 90%, pomwe cyanidation yachikhalidwe imatha kufikira 30 - 60% pamiyala yomweyi. Izi ndichifukwa choti kukakamiza kwa okosijeni kumamasula bwino golidi ku mchere wa sulfide, kulola kuti cyanide igwire nawo bwino.

4.2 Kusinthika kwa Ores Osiyanasiyana

Njirayi imatha kuthana ndi mitundu ingapo ya golide wonyezimira, kaya ali ndi mchere wambiri wa sulfide kapena zigawo zina zovuta. Zimapereka kusinthasintha pakusankhidwa kwa ore kwa makampani amigodi, chifukwa samangogwira ntchito mosavuta - ores ochiritsidwa.

4.3 Mtengo - Kuchita bwino kwa nthawi yayitali

Ngakhale kuti ndalama zoyamba zomanga makina oxidation oxidation - chomera cha cyanidation ndichokwera kwambiri chifukwa chosowa zida zapadera monga autoclaves, m'kupita kwanthawi, zitha kukhala zotsika mtengo. Kuchuluka kwa golide kumatanthauza kuti golide wochuluka akhoza kupangidwa kuchokera kumtengo womwewo, kuonjezera ndalama. Kuonjezera apo, ndondomeko yokhazikika imachepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa kupanga chifukwa cha m'zigawo zopanda ntchito.

5. Mavuto ndi Mayankho

5.1 Kugulitsa Kwambiri Kwambiri

Kupanga makina oxidation - cyanidation chomera kumafuna ndalama zambiri. Ma autoclaves, omwe ndi ofunikira pakupanga ma oxidation, ndi okwera mtengo kugula ndikuyika. Kuti athane ndi vutoli, makampani opanga migodi atha kuganizira njira zogwirira ntchito limodzi kapena zopezera ndalama zanthawi yayitali. Athanso kuchita kafukufuku watsatanetsatane asanagwiritse ntchito ndalama kuti awonetsetse kuti polojekitiyi ikuyenda bwino.

5.2 Nkhawa Zachilengedwe ndi Chitetezo

Cyanide ndi chinthu chapoizoni kwambiri, ndipo kutayikira kulikonse kapena kutayidwa kosayenera kungayambitse zovuta zachilengedwe ndi chitetezo. Mu kuthamanga kwa okosijeni - ndondomeko ya cyanidation, njira zotetezera ziyenera kukhalapo. Izi zikuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowukira - zotsimikizira, zotsekera - zotsekera zozungulira pozungulira njira ya cyanide, ndikuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'chilengedwe. Pochiza tailings, umisiri wapamwamba wochotsa poizoni uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsetsa kuti michira yotulutsidwayo isakhale pachiwopsezo ku chilengedwe.

5.3 Kuvuta kwaukadaulo

Kugwira ntchito kwa kuthamanga kwa okosijeni - njira ya cyanidation imafuna luso lapamwamba laukadaulo. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuphunzitsidwa bwino kugwiritsa ntchito autoclave, kuyang'anira kutentha ndi kupanikizika, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ma reagents awonjezeredwa mu ndondomeko ya cyanidation. Makampani opanga migodi atha kuyika ndalama zawo pophunzitsa antchito awo kapena kubwereka akatswiri odziwa zambiri. Angathenso kukhazikitsa mgwirizano ndi mabungwe ochita kafukufuku kuti apitirizebe ndi zochitika zamakono zamakono ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyi ikuyenda bwino.

6. Kutsiliza

The pressure oxidation - cyanidation process ndikupita patsogolo kofunikira pantchito yochotsa golide, makamaka pamiyala ya golide wosakanizidwa. Zimapereka mitengo yowonjezereka ya golide, kusinthika kwa ores osiyanasiyana, komanso mtengo wanthawi yayitali - wogwira mtima. Komabe, monga ukadaulo uliwonse, imakumananso ndi zovuta monga kusungitsa ndalama zambiri, kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe ndi chitetezo, komanso zovuta zaukadaulo. Pothana ndi mavutowa kudzera mukukonzekera bwino, kuyika ndalama pachitetezo ndi maphunziro, komanso luso laukadaulo lopitilizabe, njira yothirira oxidation - cyanidation ikhoza kutenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakukula kokhazikika kwa migodi ya golide.