Chitetezo cha Sodium Cyanide Chitetezo ndi Njira Zadzidzidzi

Sodium cyanide, mankhwala opangidwa ndi poizoni kwambiri, amaika chiwopsezo chachikulu ku thanzi la anthu ndi chilengedwe. Chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kake komanso kuthekera koyamwa mwachangu m'thupi, chitetezo chokhazikika komanso chofotokozedwa bwino. Njira zadzidzidzi Ndi zofunika kwambiri pogwira, kusunga, kapena ngati zatulutsidwa mwangozi Sodium cyanide.

1. Chitetezo cha Chitetezo

1.1 Zida Zodzitetezera Payekha (PPE)

• Chitetezo cha Kumapuma: Pogwira ntchito m'malo omwe Sodium Cyanide kuwonetseredwa ndi kotheka, monga pakupanga kwake, mayendedwe, kapena ngati kutha kutayikira, ogwira ntchito ayenera kuvala zodzitetezera zoyenera kupuma. Zida zopumira zokha (SCBAs) zimalimbikitsidwa paziwopsezo zazikulu, chifukwa zimapereka gwero lodalirika la mpweya wabwino, kuteteza kutulutsa mpweya wa cyanide - wokhala ndi fumbi kapena gasi. Pazochitika zochepa kwambiri, zopumira zoyeretsera mpweya zokhala ndi zosefera zapadera zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zichotse zinthu za cyanide zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma mphamvu zake zimatengera kukwanira koyenera komanso kukhulupirika kwa fyuluta.

• Kuteteza Khungu ndi Maso: Sodium cyanide imatha kupsa kwambiri mukakhudza khungu ndi maso. Chifukwa chake, suti zolimbana ndi mankhwala athunthu, kuphatikiza magolovesi ndi nsapato, ziyenera kuvala nthawi zonse. Magalasi achitetezo kapena zishango zakumaso ndizofunikira kuti muteteze maso ku splashes kapena fumbi lililonse. Zovala zotetezazi ziyenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe sizingalowemo sodium cyanide kuonetsetsa chitetezo chokwanira.

• Zida Zina Zoteteza: Kuwonjezera pa chitetezo cha kupuma, khungu, ndi maso, ogwira ntchito ayeneranso kuvala zipewa zolimba m'madera omwe ali ndi chiopsezo cha kugwa kwa zinthu, ndi chitetezo choyenera chakumva ngati akugwira ntchito m'malo aphokoso okhudzana ndi ntchito ya sodium cyanide.

1.2 Chitetezo Pantchito

• yosungirako: Sodium cyanide iyenera kusungidwa pamalo odzipereka, olowera mpweya wabwino, komanso okhoma omwe ali osiyana ndi mankhwala ena, makamaka omwe amatha kuchita nawo. Zotengerazo ziyenera kutsekedwa mwamphamvu ndikupangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe sizingadzimbiri ndi sodium cyanide, monga high - density polyethylene kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Zolemba zomwe zili m'mitsukozo ziyenera kuwonetsa bwino zomwe zili mkati, zoopsa, ndi malangizo oyendetsera. Malo osungira akuyeneranso kukhala ndi zosungiramo zotayira, monga ma dikes kapena ma tray, kuti ateteze kufalikira kwa sodium cyanide yomwe yatha.

• Kasamalidwe Njira: Kusamalira konse kwa sodium cyanide kuyenera kuchitidwa pamalo olamulidwa motsatira njira zokhazikika zogwirira ntchito. Ogwira ntchito akuyenera kuphunzitsidwa njira zoyenera zonyamulira, kuthira, ndi kusamutsa kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha kutaya kapena kuphulika. Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito sodium cyanide ziyenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe sizimayaka kuti zisamayaka zosakaniza zilizonse zomwe zitha kuyaka. Mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito chilichonse, zida ndi malo ogwirira ntchito ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndikuchotsedwa kuti muchotse zotsalira za sodium cyanide.

• magawanidwe: Kupuma kokwanira n'kofunika kwambiri kuntchito komwe kuli sodium cyanide. Makina olowera mpweya wotuluka m'derali akhazikike pamalo omwe angathe kutulutsa, monga potsegula zotengera kapena popanga. Mpweya wabwino m'malo onse ogwirira ntchito uyeneranso kukhala wokwanira kuti mpweya ukhale wabwino komanso kusungunula tinthu tambiri ta sodium cyanide kapena nthunzi. Kuwunika pafupipafupi kwa mpweya pamalo ogwirira ntchito ndikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti mawonekedwe owonekera amakhalabe m'malire ovomerezeka.

1.3 Maphunziro a Anthu

• Kudziwitsa Zowopsa: Ogwira ntchito onse omwe angakumane ndi sodium cyanide, kuphatikizapo omwe akugwira nawo ntchito yopangira, kuyendetsa, kusunga, ndi kuyankha mwadzidzidzi, ayenera kulandira maphunziro okhudzana ndi zoopsa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi mankhwalawa. Izi zikuphatikizapo kumvetsetsa kawopsedwe kake, njira zomwe zingatheke (kupuma, kumeza, ndi kukhudza khungu), ndi zizindikiro za poizoni wa cyanide.

• Kusamalira ndi Kusunga Motetezeka: Ogwira ntchito akuyenera kuphunzitsidwa za kagwiridwe koyenera ndi kasungidwe, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa. Ayeneranso kukhala odziwa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodzitetezera komanso momwe angachitire ndikuzimitsa. Maphunziro akuyenera kukhala ndi ziwonetsero zogwira ntchito ndi manja - pazochitika zowonetsetsa kuti ogwira ntchito ali ndi chidaliro pa luso lawo logwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide mosamala.

• Maphunziro Oyankha Mwadzidzidzi: Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuphunzitsidwa njira zothetsera vuto ladzidzidzi, kuphatikizapo momwe angadziwire zizindikiro za sodium cyanide yotayira kapena kuwonetseredwa, momwe angayambitsire chithandizo chadzidzidzi, ndi momwe angachitire chithandizo choyamba pakachitika poizoni wa cyanide. Kuyeserera kokhazikika kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti ayese ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a dongosolo loyankhira mwadzidzidzi.

2. Njira Zadzidzidzi

2.1 Mayankho a Zochitika

• Kudzipatula ndi Kusamutsidwa: Pamene sodium cyanide yatsikira kapena kutayika, malo omwe akhudzidwawo ayenera kupatulidwa nthawi yomweyo kuti apewe kufalikira kwa mankhwala oopsa. Njira zopulumutsira anthu ziyenera kuyambika nthawi yomweyo, ndipo onse osafunikira asunthidwe kupita kutali ndi mphepo yamkuntho. Njira zopulumukiramo ziyenera kukhala zodziwika bwino kwa ogwira ntchito.

• Kusunga ndi Kuyeretsa: Magulu apadera omwe ali ndi zida zoyenera zodzitetezera komanso zotayira - zida zoyankhira ziyenera kutumizidwa kuti zikhale ndi kutaya. Izi zingaphatikizepo kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoyamwa, monga activated carbon kapena vermiculite, kuti zilowerere madzi a sodium cyanide. Solid sodium cyanide amatha kusesedwa mosamala ndikuyikidwa m'matumba omata kuti atayike moyenera. Kutayirako kukakhala kuti kwatha, malowo ayenera kuyeretsedwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zoyeretsera kuti achotse zotsalira za sodium cyanide.

• Chidziwitso: Pakachitika vuto la sodium cyanide, akuluakulu oyenerera, monga mabungwe oteteza chilengedwe, madipatimenti ozimitsa moto, ndi maofesi oyendetsa ngozi, ayenera kudziwitsidwa mwamsanga. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti zofunikira ndi chithandizo zikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa mwamsanga kuti athetse vutoli ndikuchepetsa zotsatira zake pamadera ozungulira komanso chilengedwe.

2.2 Thandizo Loyamba

• Kutsegula: Munthu akakoka sodium cyanide, ayenera kuchotsedwa pamalo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka kupita ku mpweya wabwino. Ngati munthuyo sakupuma, kupuma kwa mtima (CPR) kuyenera kuyambika mwamsanga, koma opulumutsa ayenera kusamala kuti asatengeke ndi mpweya wa cyanide. Nthawi zina, kupereka okosijeni kungakhale kothandiza. Mankhwala enieni a poizoni wa cyanide, monga hydroxocobalamin kapena sodium nitrite ndi sodium thiosulfate, akhoza kuperekedwa mwamsanga, makamaka motsogoleredwa ndi akatswiri azachipatala.

• Kukhudzana ndi Khungu: Pokhudzana ndi khungu ndi sodium cyanide, malo omwe akhudzidwawo ayenera kuthiridwa nthawi yomweyo ndi madzi ambiri kwa mphindi zosachepera 15. Zovala zonse zoyipitsidwa ziyenera kuchotsedwa panthawi yakutsuka kuti asatengerenso mankhwalawo. Akamaliza kuchapa, munthuyo ayenera kuyesedwa ndi dokotala ngati ali ndi zizindikiro zowononga khungu kapena poizoni.

• Kusakaniza: Ngati sodium cyanide ilowetsedwa, musapangitse kusanza. M'malo mwake, mupatseni munthuyo madzi kapena mkaka kuti amwe kuti asungunuke mankhwala omwe ali m'mimba. Munthuyo amayenera kutengedwa kupita kuchipatala mwamsanga kuti akalandire chithandizo china, chomwe chingaphatikizepo kupereka mankhwala oletsa antidote ndi njira zina zothandizira.

2.3 Kutsatiridwa kwa zochitika pambuyo pake

• Kuyang'anira Zachilengedwe: Pambuyo pa chochitika cha sodium cyanide, malo ozungulira, kuphatikizapo nthaka, madzi, ndi mpweya, ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosalekeza kuti ziwone kuchuluka kwa kuipitsidwa ndi kuonetsetsa kuti milingo ibwerera mwakale. Kuyesa ndi kusanthula kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi ma laboratories oyenerera a zachilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira zoyenera.

• Kufufuza ndi Kupereka Lipoti: Kufufuza mozama kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti adziwe chomwe chinayambitsa vuto la sodium cyanide. Izi zikuphatikiza kuwunikanso njira zogwirira ntchito, momwe zida ziliri, komanso zolemba zophunzitsira antchito. Lipoti latsatanetsatane liyenera kukonzedwa, zolemba zomwe zachitika, njira zoyankhira zomwe zatengedwa, ndi malingaliro aliwonse oletsa kupewa zochitika zofananira mtsogolo. Lipotilo liyenera kuperekedwa kwa oyang'anira oyenerera ndi oyang'anira.

Pomaliza, kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito komanso chilengedwe pochita ndi sodium cyanide kumafuna njira yokwanira yomwe imaphatikiza njira zotetezera chitetezo komanso njira zoyendetsera ngozi zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa bwino. Potsatira malangizowa, zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi sodium cyanide zimatha kuyendetsedwa bwino, kuchepetsa mwayi wovulaza ndi kuwonongeka.