Ntchito Yopanga Kuchitira Madzi a Sodium Cyanide ndi Hydrogen Peroxide

Introduction

Sodium cyanide ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga migodi, electroplating, ndi kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala. Komabe, madzi otayira opangidwa kuchokera m'njirazi amakhala ndi cyanide wambiri, zomwe zimawopseza kwambiri chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu ngati sizikusalidwa bwino. Chithandizo cha hydrogen peroxide chawoneka ngati njira yothandiza komanso yotetezeka yothana nayo - Sodium cyanide - okhala ndi madzi oipa. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka kupanga wa hydrogen peroxide kuyeretsa madzi otayira oterowo, kutengera mbali zina kuchokera ku mfundo zoyendetsera ntchito kupita ku njira zenizeni zogwirira ntchito.

Zimene Mungachite

Kutsekemera kwa Cyanide ndi Hydrogen Peroxide

Zomwe zimachitika pakati pa hydrogen peroxide ndi Sodium Cyanide ndi oxidation - kuchepetsa njira. Mu njira yamadzimadzi, hydrogen peroxide imagwira ntchito ngati oxidizing. Imathira ayoni wa cyanide kukhala zinthu zopanda poizoni. Pamikhalidwe yoyenera, hydrogen peroxide imaphwanya mgwirizano wamphamvu mkati mwa cyanide ion. Mpweya wa cyanide umapangidwa ndi okosijeni wokwera kwambiri, kupanga ayoni wosavulaza, ndipo nayitrogeni imatulutsidwa ngati mpweya. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa zimachepetsa kwambiri kawopsedwe wamadzi oyipa.

Ntchito ya Catalysts (Mwasankha)

Nthawi zina, zothandizira zitha kuwonjezeredwa kuti zifulumizitse zomwe zimachitika pakati pa hydrogen peroxide ndi cyanide. Mwachitsanzo, ma ion achitsulo osinthika amatha kukhala ngati chothandizira munjira yofananira ndi Fenton reaction. Zothandizira zimachepetsa chotchinga cha mphamvu zomwe zimachitika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makutidwe a okosijeni a cyanide achitike mwachangu pa kutentha kochepa komanso osagwiritsa ntchito hydrogen peroxide. Komabe, mukamagwiritsa ntchito chothandizira, zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa chothandizira chomwe chawonjezeredwa, kuwongolera pH, ndi kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri komwe kungachitike kuchokera ku zotsalira za catalyst ziyenera kuganiziridwa mosamala.

Kuyenda kwa Njira mu Ntchito Yopanga

Kukonzekera kwa Madzi Owonongeka

Pamaso pa hydrogen peroxide mankhwala, ndi sodium cyanide - okhala ndi madzi oyipa nthawi zambiri amafunikira kusamalidwa. Gawo ili likufuna kusintha pH ya madzi otayira kuti ikhale yoyenera. Nthawi zambiri, pH imasinthidwa kukhala yamchere pang'ono, pafupifupi 8 - 10. Izi ndichifukwa choti Oxidation Reaction pakati pa hydrogen peroxide ndi cyanide ndi yabwino kwambiri m'malo amchere. Kuphatikiza apo, kusamala kuyenera kuphatikizirapo kuchotsa zinyalala zazikuluzikulu, zolimba zoyimitsidwa, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingasokoneze njira yakuchizira. Njira zosefera monga zosefera mchenga kapena zosefera za membrane zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pachifukwa ichi.

Hydrogen Peroxide Kuwonjezera

Kuchuluka koyenera kwa hydrogen peroxide kumawonjezeredwa kumadzi otayidwa kale. Mlingo wa hydrogen peroxide umatsimikiziridwa potengera kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi oyipa. Nthawi zambiri, kuwerengera kumachitika koyamba malinga ndi momwe mankhwala amachitira. Koma pakupanga kwenikweni, hydrogen peroxide wochulukirapo nthawi zambiri amawonjezedwa kuti awonetsetse kuti cyanide yonseyo ikhale ndi okosijeni. Kuchuluka kwa hydrogen peroxide komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale nthawi zambiri kumakhala 30% - 50%. Kuphatikiza kwa hydrogen peroxide kumatha kutheka kudzera pamapampu a metering, omwe amatha kuwongolera molondola kuchuluka kwa ma hydrogen peroxide ndi kuchuluka kwa hydrogen peroxide kulowa. Chithandizo Chinyalala thanki.

Kuchita ndi Kusakaniza

Mukathira hydrogen peroxide, madzi otayira ayenera kusakanizidwa bwino kuti awonetsetse kuti hydrogen peroxide ndi cyanide alumikizana. Kusakaniza kungapezeke pogwiritsa ntchito makina oyendetsa makina, makina osakanikirana ndi mpweya, kapena kuphatikiza zonsezi. Nthawi yochitapo imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi zinthu monga ndende yoyambira ya cyanide, kutentha, ndi kukhalapo kwa zoyambitsa. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yochitira zinthu imatha kuyambira maola angapo mpaka maora khumi ndi awiri. Nthawi imeneyi, zimene kutentha ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti zomwe zimachitikazo zimatha kutentha kutentha, kuonjezera kutentha mkati mwamtundu wina (nthawi zambiri osapitirira 50 ° C) kungathe kufulumizitsa zomwe zimachitika. Komabe, kutentha kwambiri kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa hydrogen peroxide, kuchepetsa mphamvu yake pochiza cyanide.

Post - chithandizo

Zomwezo zikatha, njira zochiritsira ndizofunikira. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri - chithandizo ndikuchotsa otsalira a hydrogen peroxide. Kuchulukira kwa hydrogen peroxide m'madzi otayira oyeretsedwa kumatha kuwononga chilengedwe komanso kutha kusokoneza njira zotsatiridwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ngati madzi onyansawo akuyenera kuthiriridwanso mu njira yopangira mankhwala. hydrogen peroxide yotsalira imatha kuwola powonjezera zochepetsera monga sodium sulfite kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowola. Pambuyo kuchotsa otsala wa hydrogen peroxide, madzi otayidwa mankhwala ndiye akukumana olimba - madzi kulekana kuchotsa precipitates kapena inaimitsidwa zolimba anapanga pa ndondomeko mankhwala. Matanki osungunuka, zida zoyandama, kapena zosefera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa izi. Potsirizira pake, madzi otayira oyeretsedwa amawunikidwa kuti awone ngati ndende ya cyanide ikugwirizana ndi zoyenera kutulutsa.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu Zomwe Zimakhudza Kuchita Bwino kwa Chithandizo

PH Mtengo

Monga tanena kale, kuchuluka kwa pH yamadzi otayidwa kumakhudza kwambiri machiritso a hydrogen peroxide. M'malo a acidic, hydrogen peroxide imatha kuwola mwachangu kukhala madzi ndi mpweya, ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yake yotulutsa cyanide. Kumbali inayi, m'malo amchere kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa momwe hydrogen peroxide ndi cyanide kungakhudzire. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa pH wa zomwe zimachitika pakati pa hydrogen peroxide ndi cyanide nthawi zambiri zimakhala mozungulira 8 - 10. pomwe zomwe zimachitika zimatha kupitilira bwino ndikuwola kwa hydrogen peroxide kumachepetsedwa.

kutentha

Kutentha kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuthamanga. Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti hydrogen peroxide ndi cyanide zigwirizane. Komabe, pamene kutentha kumakwera, kuwola kwa hydrogen peroxide kumakhalanso kofunika kwambiri. Kutentha kukapitirira 50 ° C, kuwola kwa hydrogen peroxide kumatha kukhala kofulumira kwambiri kotero kuti kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa hydrogen peroxide yomwe imapezeka mu oxidizing cyanide. Choncho, pakupanga kothandiza, kutentha kumafunika kuyang'aniridwa mosamala mkati mwazokwanira kuti muzitha kuyendetsa bwino komanso kukhazikika kwa hydrogen peroxide.

Kukhazikika kwa Cyanide ndi Hydrogen Peroxide

Kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi onyansa kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa hydrogen peroxide komwe kumafunikira kuti makutidwe ndi okosijeni athunthu. Kuchuluka kwa cyanide kumafunikira hydrogen peroxide yambiri. Ngati mlingo wa hydrogen peroxide ndi wosakwanira, makutidwe ndi okosijeni a cyanide adzakhala osakwanira, zomwe zimabweretsa madzi otayira oyeretsedwa omwe sakugwirizana ndi miyezo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuwonjezera hydrogen peroxide wochuluka sikungowonjezera mtengo wamankhwala komanso kumafuna post yovuta kwambiri - mankhwala kuti achotse owonjezera. Choncho, kudziwa molondola kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi otayira ndikusintha moyenera mlingo wa hydrogen peroxide ndikofunikira kuti muchiritse bwino.

Nkhani Yophunzira M'makampani a Migodi

Pochita migodi ya golide, sodium cyanide yambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa golide, kupanga cyanide yochuluka - yomwe imakhala ndi madzi oipa. Mgodiyo udatengera njira yopangira mankhwala a hydrogen peroxide. Choyamba, madzi otayira anasonkhanitsidwa m’thanki yaikulu yosungiramo zinthu. pH ya madzi otayidwa idasinthidwa kukhala 9 pogwiritsa ntchito laimu. Kenako, 35% ya hydrogen peroxide idawonjezedwa m'madzi otayidwa kudzera pampope yoyezera. Kuchuluka kowonjezerako kunawerengedwa kutengera kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi onyansa, ndikuwonjezera pang'ono kuti kuwonetsetse kuti okosijeni wathunthu.

Madzi otayira adasakanizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira ma agitator kwa maola 8. Panthawi imeneyi, kutentha kwa machitidwewa kunasungidwa pafupifupi 35 ° C kupyolera mu kuzizira ndi kutentha. Pambuyo pazimenezi, sodium sulfite inawonjezeredwa kuti iwononge hydrogen peroxide yotsalira. Madzi otayira oyeretsedwawo amatumizidwa ku thanki ya sedimentation kuti asiyanitse zolimba - zamadzimadzi. Wopambana kwambiri adawunikidwa, ndipo zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi otayidwa adatsika kuchokera pamtengo woyambira wa 500 mg / L mpaka kuchepera 0.5 mg / L, kukwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi. Mlanduwu ukuwonetsa mphamvu ya chithandizo cha hydrogen peroxide muzochitika zenizeni zamakampani padziko lonse lapansi.

Kutsiliza

Chithandizo cha hydrogen peroxide Madzi a Sodium Cyanide ndi njira yotheka komanso yothandiza popanga mafakitale. Pomvetsetsa zomwe zimayendera, kukhathamiritsa kayendedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, ndikuwongolera zinthu zazikulu monga pH, kutentha, ndi mlingo wa reagent, chithandizo chapamwamba cha cyanide - chokhala ndi madzi onyansa chingapezeke. Komabe, kuwunika kosalekeza ndikusintha kumafunika panthawi yopanga kuti zitsimikizire kuti chithandizo chamankhwala chikuyenda bwino komanso kutsatira malamulo a chilengedwe. Pamene zofunikira zachilengedwe zikuchulukirachulukira, njira yochizira ya hydrogen peroxide yamadzi otayira a sodium cyanide ikuyembekezeka kutenga gawo lofunika kwambiri poteteza chilengedwe.