Phunzirani kugwiritsa ntchito ma reagents oyandama: sinthani kulondola kwa kuzindikira kwamaminera

M'minda ya Mchere processing ndi kusanthula kwa geological, kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera Flotation reagents Ndikofunikira kuti muzindikire molondola kuchuluka kwa mchere. Flotation ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakulekanitsa mchere ndikulemeretsa, kutengera kusiyana kwa physicochemical properties of mineral surfaces. Powonjezera ma reagents, hydrophilicity kapena hydrophobicity of mineral surfaces zitha kusinthidwa, zomwe zimathandizira kulekanitsa kwa minerals chandamale kuchokera ku gangue.

Nkhaniyi ipereka malangizo angapo othandiza kuti athandize akatswiri a labotale ndi akatswiri opanga migodi kukhathamiritsa njira yoyandama, kuwongolera kulondola komanso kubwereza kwa zotsatira za mayeso.

Choyamba, tiyeni tiyambe ndi mitundu yoyambira ya ma flotation reagents-Osonkhetsa, Abalendipo Zosintha. Reagent iliyonse imakhala ndi gawo lapadera pamayendedwe oyandama. Osonkhanitsa kumapangitsanso hydrophobicity ya mchere, kulimbikitsa ubwenzi wawo ndi thovu mpweya; frothers amathandiza kukhazikika kwa thovu wosanjikiza, kulola kuti mchere wolemetsedwa ulekanitsidwe mosavuta ndi slurry; zosintha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha pH kapena mphamvu ya ionic ya slurry, ndikupanga mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yakuyandama kwa mchere.

Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kosalekeza, mitundu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma reagents oyandama akukulirakuliranso. Kusankhidwa kolondola ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma reagentswa sikungosintha Kuchira kwa mineral mitengo ndi magiredi komanso zimabweretsa phindu lalikulu pankhani yachitetezo cha chilengedwe komanso kuwongolera mtengo.

Momwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Ma Flotation Reagent Molondola?

Mitundu ya ma Reagents

Mitundu ya ma reagents omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzomera zoyandama amadalira zinthu monga ore katundu, kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake, ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimafunikira mchere. Nthawi zambiri, amatsimikiziridwa kudzera mu mayeso a ore selectivity kapena mayeso a semi-industrial.

Ma reagents amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu kutengera ntchito zawo:

1. Abale: Ma organic surfactants omwe amagawira pa mawonekedwe a mpweya wamadzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga froth layer yomwe imatha kuyandama mchere. Mafuta odziwika bwino amaphatikizapo mafuta a pine, cresylic acid, ndi mowa.

2. Osonkhanitsa: Ntchito yawo ndikugwira mchere womwe mukufuna, ndikusinthira hydrophobicity ya malo amchere kuti alole kuti tinthu tating'ono toyandama tigwirizane ndi thovu la mpweya. Kutengera chikhalidwe chawo, osonkhanitsa amatha kugawidwa kukhala osonkhanitsa omwe si a polar, osonkhanitsa anionic, ndi osonkhanitsa cationic. Osonkhanitsa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri amaphatikizapo mankhwala akuda, mankhwala achikasu, mankhwala oyera, mafuta acids, mafuta amines, ndi mafuta amchere.

3. Zosintha: Zosintha zimaphatikizapo ma activator ndi inhibitors, omwe amasintha mawonekedwe a mchere, zomwe zimakhudza kulumikizana pakati pa mchere ndi otolera. Zosintha zimaphatikizansopo zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha makhemikolo kapena ma elekitiromu a sing'anga yamadzi, monga zosintha za pH ndi momwe amatolera. Mitundu ya zosintha ndi:

• Zosintha za pH: Lime, sodium carbonate, sulfuric acid, sulfure dioxide.

• Zoyambitsa: Copper sulphate, sodium sulfide.

• Zizindikiro: Laimu, mchere wachikasu wamagazi, sodium sulfide, sulfure dioxide, sodium cyanide, zinki sulphate, potassium dichromate, galasi lamadzi, tannin, colloids sungunuka, wowuma, ma polima opangira, etc.

• ena: Wetting wothandizira, zoyandama wothandizira, solubilizers, etc.

Mlingo wa Reagent

Mlingo wa reagents panthawi yoyandama uyenera kukhala wolondola; kusakwanira kapena kuchulukitsitsa kungakhudze zizindikiro zopangira mchere. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kungathenso kuonjezera ndalama zolipirira.

Ubale Pakati pa Mlingo wa Reagent ndi Zizindikiro Zoyenda:

• Osakwanira otolera mlingo kungayambitse kuchepa kwa hydrophobicity ya mchere, kuchepetsa kuchira. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuchulukirachulukira kungathe kuchepetsa ubwino wa tcheru ndi kusokoneza kuyandama kolekanitsa.

• Mlingo wowonjezera wosakwanira kungayambitse kusakhazikika kwa thovu, pomwe kuchuluka kwambiri kungayambitse "kusefukira" zochitika.

• Mlingo wocheperako wa activator kungayambitse kusatsegula bwino, pamene kuchulukira kungasokoneze kusankha kwa njira yoyandama.

• Mlingo wa inhibitor wosakwanira Kukhoza kutsitsa kalasi, pamene kuchuluka kwa mchere kungathe kupondereza mchere womwe umayenera kuyandama, kuchepetsa kuchira.

Kukonzekera kwa Reagent

Olimba reagents ndi kuchepetsedwa mu zakumwa zosavuta Kuwonjezera. Mankhwala osasungunuka m'madzi monga mankhwala achikasu, mankhwala akuda amine, galasi lamadzi, sodium carbonate, copper sulfate, ndi sodium sulfide ayenera kukonzedwa ngati njira zamadzimadzi zomwe zimakhala kuyambira 2% mpaka 10%. Ma reagents osasungunuka m'madzi amayenera kusungunuka muzitsulo zosungunulira asanakonzekere ngati njira yothetsera madzi yowonjezera, monga ena osonkhanitsa amine omwe angathe kuwonjezeredwa mwachindunji, monga No. 2 mafuta, No. 31 mankhwala akuda, ndi oleic acid. Kwa ma reagents osungunuka kwambiri omwe amafunikira kuchuluka kwakukulu, kuchuluka kwa kukonzekera kumakhala kuyambira 10% mpaka 20%, monga sodium sulfide, yomwe imakonzedwa pa 15% pakugwiritsa ntchito. Pakuti bwino sungunuka reagents, organic zosungunulira angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupasuka pamaso kuwakonza monga otsika ndende njira.

Kusankhidwa kwa Kukonzekera kwa reagent njira makamaka zimadalira katundu wa reagents, njira kuwonjezera, ndi ntchito zawo. The reagent yemweyo akhoza kukhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu mu mlingo ndi zotsatira chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana kukonzekera. Nthawi zambiri, njira zokonzekera zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo:

1. Kukonzekera 2% mpaka 10% yankho lamadzi: Mankhwala ambiri osungunuka m'madzi amakonzedwa motere (mwachitsanzo, mankhwala achikasu, sulphate yamkuwa, galasi lamadzi).

2. Kusungunuka mu solvent: Ma reagents ena osasungunuka m'madzi amatha kusungunuka muzitsulo zapadera. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala oyera sasungunuka m'madzi koma amatha kusungunuka mu 10% mpaka 20% yankho la aniline, ndipo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mutatha kukonza njira yosakanikirana ya aniline. Mofananamo, mankhwala akuda a aniline sasungunuka m'madzi koma amatha kusungunuka mu sodium hydroxide alkaline solution, kotero kuti yankho la alkaline sodium hydroxide liyenera kukonzedwa poyamba musanawonjezere reagent kuti apange yankho la aniline lakuda la mankhwala oyandama.

3. Kukonzekera ngati kuyimitsidwa kapena emulsion: Kwa ena bwino sungunuka olimba reagents, iwo akhoza kukonzekera monga emulsions ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, laimu ali otsika kwambiri solubility m'madzi, choncho akhoza finely pansi kukhala ufa ndi kusakaniza ndi madzi kulenga yamkaka kuyimitsidwa (mwachitsanzo, laimu mkaka), kapena akhoza mwachindunji anawonjezera youma ufa mawonekedwe mu mpira mphero kapena oyambitsa thanki.

4. Saponification: Kwa osonkhanitsa mafuta a asidi, saponification ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, posankha hematite, sopo wa saponified wa parafini ndi mafuta a tar amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati osonkhanitsa. Kuti muchepetse mafuta a phula, pafupifupi 10% sodium carbonate iyenera kuwonjezeredwa pokonzekera reagent, ndikutenthedwa kuti mupange sopo yotentha yowonjezera.

5. Kuphatikizika: Emulsification chingapezeke ntchito akupanga emulsification kapena makina yogwira mtima. Pambuyo emulsification, mafuta zidulo ndi dizilo akhoza kumapangitsanso kupezeka kwawo mu slurry, kuwongolera mphamvu ya reagents. Kuonjezera ena emulsifying mankhwala akhoza kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu.

6. Acidization: Pogwiritsira ntchito otolera a cationic, chifukwa cha kusasungunuka kwawo bwino, ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi hydrochloric acid kapena acetic acid asanasungunuke m'madzi kuti aziyandama.

7. Njira ya aerosol: Iyi ndi njira yatsopano yokonzekera yomwe imakulitsa zochita za ma reagents. Zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera chopopera mankhwala kuti asungunuke ma reagents mu sing'anga ya mpweya musanawonjeze mwachindunji ku thanki yoyandama, yomwe imatchedwanso "njira ya aerosol flotation." Njirayi sikuti imangowonjezera kuyandama kwa mchere wofunikira komanso imachepetsanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa reagent. Mwachitsanzo, mlingo wa osonkhanitsa ukhoza kukhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu kapena anayi a kuchuluka kwa nthawi zonse, pamene mlingo wowonjezera ukhoza kukhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu.

8. Electrochemical chithandizo cha reagents: Direct panopa wadutsa njira yothetsera mankhwala flotation reagents, amene angasinthe boma reagent, pH mtengo, ndi kuthekera redox, potero kuonjezera ndende ya zigawo kwambiri activating reagent, kuukitsa ndende yovuta kupanga colloids, ndi kuwongolera kubalalitsidwa kwa reagents bwino sungunuka m'madzi.

Nthawi zambiri, otolera ndi ma frothers amalimbikitsidwa kwa mphindi 1-2, pomwe ma reagents, monga potassium dichromate omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupondereza kutsogolera pakulekanitsa kwa mkuwa, angafunike kugwedezeka kwanthawi yayitali.

Malo Owonjezera a Reagent

Kuti ziwonjezeke mphamvu ya flotation reagents, mchitidwe ambiri ndi kuwonjezera wothandizila kusintha, zoletsa, ndi ena otolera (mwachitsanzo, palafini) mu mpira mphero kulenga abwino flotation chilengedwe mwamsanga. Otolera ndi ma frother amawonjezedwa mu thanki yoyamba yogwedeza ya njira yoyandama. Ngati pali akasinja awiri oyambitsa, activator iyenera kuwonjezeredwa mu thanki yoyamba, pamene wosonkhanitsa ndi frother ayenera kuwonjezeredwa mu thanki yachiwiri. Mfundo zowonjezera zimasiyana malinga ndi maudindo a reagents mu makina oyandama. Mwachitsanzo, copper sulfate, mankhwala achikasu, ndi mafuta a paini nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa motere: copper sulfate amathiridwa pakati pa thanki yoyamba yosonkhezera, mankhwala achikasu pakatikati pa thanki yachiŵiri, ndi mafuta a paini potulukira m’thanki yachiŵiri yosonkhezera. Kawirikawiri, zomera zoyandama zimayamba kuwonjezera zosintha za pH kuti zibweretse slurry ku pH yoyenera musanalole osonkhanitsa ndi inhibitor kuti agwire ntchito bwino. Powonjezera ma reagents, ndikofunikira kudziwa za ma ion ena owopsa omwe amayambitsa kusachita bwino kwa reagent. Mwachitsanzo, ayoni amkuwa omwe amachitira ndi ma hydride ions angayambitse kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa ma hydrides. Polekanitsa mkuwa ndi sulfure, ngati pali ayoni ambiri amkuwa mu thanki yosonkhezera, cyanide sayenera kuwonjezeredwa mu thanki yosonkhezera koma ionjezedwe mwachindunji panthawi yolekanitsa yoyandama.

Reagent Addition Order

Mchitidwe wa reagent Kuwonjezera mu zomera zoyandama ndi motere: kwa kuyandama kwa ores yaiwisi, ayenera pH kusintha, zoletsa kapena activator, frothers, ndi otolera; kwa mchere umene waletsedwa panthawi yoyandama, dongosololi ndi activator, osonkhanitsa, ndi frothers.

Njira Zowonjezera za Reagent

Nthawi zambiri pali njira ziwiri zowonjezerera ma reagents: kuphatikizika kwapakati komanso kuphatikizika. Kusankha njira yowonjezera kuyenera kuganizira mitundu yonse ya reagent ndi zochita za reagents.

1. Centralized Addition: Ma reagents ambiri amawonjezedwa pakati; mwachitsanzo, osonkhanitsa, ma activator, ndi inhibitors amawonjezeredwa ku akasinja oyambitsa.

2. Zowonjezera Zobalalika: Ma reagents ena akhoza kuwonjezeredwa mwachindunji mu thanki yoyandama, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ma reagents omwe amakhala osakhazikika kapena okhudzidwa ndi ma reagents ena. Mwachitsanzo, ngati flotation reagents kuchititsa zotsatira zoipa wina ndi mzake (mwachitsanzo, zoipa chikoka cha owonjezera sodium sulfide pa adamulowetsa flotation), reagents akhoza mwachindunji anawonjezera mu makina flotation.

Kutsiliza

Kupyolera mu kusankha koyenera, kukonzekera, mlingo, ndi kuwonjezera ma reagents oyandama, kukonza mchere ndi kusanthula kwa geological kumatha kukhathamiritsa, kupititsa patsogolo kulondola komanso kuchita bwino kwa mayeso ndi kusanthula. Maupangiri ogwirira ntchitowa cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza akatswiri asayansi ndi akatswiri opanga migodi kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino zida zoyandama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito aziyenda bwino komanso zotsatira zodalirika.