Sayansi Yodziwika pa Mankhwala Owopsa: Sodium Cyanide

1. Chiyambi cha Sodium Cyanide

Cubic crystal system, tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono toyera kapena ufa, zosavuta kudya, ndi kukomoka kwa fungo la amondi owawa. Poizoni kwambiri, kukhudzana ndi zilonda zapakhungu, kupuma movutikira, komanso kuyamwa pang'ono pang'ono kungayambitse poizoni ndi kufa. Chemical formula ndi NaCN, melting point 563.7 ℃, otentha point 1496 ℃. Imasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, imasungunuka mosavuta kukhala haidrojeni cyanide, njira yamadzimadzi ndi zamchere kwambiri, zofunika zofunika mankhwala zopangira, ntchito zofunika kaphatikizidwe mankhwala, electroplating, zitsulo ndi organic kaphatikizidwe mankhwala, mankhwala ndi mankhwala zitsulo. Complexing wothandizira, masking wothandizira.

2. Zinthu zakuthupi

Ndi cubic crystal system, ma crystalline granules oyera kapena ufa, opepuka mosavuta, okhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa la amondi. Imasungunuka m'madzi, ammonia, ethanol ndi methanol.

3. Ntchito yofunikira

Tsekani mwamphamvu, perekani mpweya wokwanira wa m'deralo ndi mpweya wabwino. Sinthani ndikusintha ntchito momwe mungathere. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuphunzitsidwa mwapadera ndikutsata ndondomeko zoyendetsera ntchito. Ndibwino kuti ogwira ntchito azivala makina opumira a fumbi amtundu wa hood, mtundu umodzi wa zovala za rubberized anti-toxic, ndi magolovesi a labala. Pewani kupanga fumbi. Pewani kukhudzana ndi okosijeni ndi zidulo. Kwezani ndikutsitsa pang'onopang'ono panthawi yamayendedwe kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa zotengera ndi zotengera. Khalani ndi zida zowonongeka zadzidzidzi. Zotengera zopanda kanthu zitha kukhala ndi zinthu zoyipa.

4. Ngozi Zaumoyo

Imalepheretsa ma enzymes opumira, kuchititsa intracellular asphyxiation. Inhalation, makonzedwe a pakamwa kapena percutaneous mayamwidwe kungayambitse pachimake poizoni. Oral makonzedwe a 50-100 mg angayambitse imfa mwadzidzidzi. Imfa yopanda mwadzidzidzi imagawidwa m'magawo a 4: siteji ya prodromal imakhala ndi kukwiya kwa mucosal, kufulumizitsa ndi kupuma mozama, kutopa, ndi mutu; M`kamwa makonzedwe ali dzanzi nsonga ya lilime ndi pakamwa, etc. The dyspnea siteji ali dyspnea, kuchuluka kwa magazi, ndi ofiira owala khungu ndi mucous zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Gawo la kukomoka limakhala ndi kukomoka, chikomokere, komanso kulephera kupuma. Gawo lakufa ziwalo limapumula thupi lonse, kupuma ndi kugunda kwa mtima, ndi kufa. Kuwonetsa kwanthawi yayitali kwa cyanide yaying'ono kungayambitse matenda a neurasthenia, kukwiya kwamaso komanso kumtunda kwa mpweya. Zingayambitse zidzolo.

5. Kuyankha Mwadzidzidzi

Patulani malo omwe atayipitsidwa ndikuletsa kulowa. Ndikofunikira kuti ogwira ntchito zamwadzidzidzi azivala zomangira fumbi (masks a nkhope yonse) ndi masuti odana ndi gasi. Osakumana mwachindunji ndi zinthu zinawukhira.

Kutayikira pang'ono: Pewani kupanga fumbi ndi kutolera madziwo mu chidebe chowuma, choyera ndi fosholo yoyera.

Kutayikira kwakukulu: Phimbani ndi mapepala apulasitiki kapena chinsalu, ndiyeno sonkhanitsani kuti muubwezerenso kapena kuwanyamulira kumalo otaya zinyalala kuti akatayidwe.

6. Njira zothandizira

Kukhudza Khungu: Chotsani zovala zomwe zili ndi kachilombo nthawi yomweyo ndikutsuka bwino ndi madzi othamanga kapena 5% sodium thiosulfate solution kwa mphindi zosachepera 20. Pitani kuchipatala.

Kuyang'ana m'maso: Tukulani zikope nthawi yomweyo ndikutsuka bwino ndi madzi othamanga kapena saline kwa mphindi 15. Pitani kuchipatala.

Kukoka mpweya: Choka pamalopo mwachangu kuti ukhale mpweya wabwino. Njira yolowera mpweya ikhale yotseguka. Ngati kupuma kuli kovuta, perekani mpweya. Kupuma ndi kugunda kwa mtima zikasiya, nthawi yomweyo gwirani kupuma mochita kupanga (musagwiritse ntchito pakamwa ndi pakamwa) ndi kukanikiza pachifuwa chakunja. Perekani mpweya wa amyl nitrite ndikupita kuchipatala.

Kudya: Imwani madzi ambiri ofunda ndi kuyambitsa kusanza. Sambani m'mimba ndi 1:5000 potassium permanganate kapena 5% sodium thiosulfate solution. Pitani kuchipatala.

7. Njira zozimitsa moto

Njira yozimitsira moto: Chogulitsachi sichingayaka moto. Ngati moto wabuka, yesani kupulumutsa chinthucho kuti chisawonongeke ndikuyambitsa kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe. Ozimitsa moto ayenera kuvala zophimba nkhope za gasi ndi zovala zozimitsira moto thupi lonse ndikuzimitsa motowo moyang'anizana ndi mphepo. Chozimitsira moto: ufa wouma, mchenga ndi dothi. N'zoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito Carbon zozimitsira moto za dioxide ndi acid-base kuti zizimitse moto.

8. Zosungirako

Sungani m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zozizirirapo, zowuma, zolowera mpweya wabwino. Khalani kutali ndi gwero la moto ndi kutentha. Chinyezi cham'nyumba yosungiramo katundu sichiyenera kupitirira 80%. Phukusi liyenera kusindikizidwa. Iyenera kusungidwa mosiyana ndi ma okosijeni, zidulo, ndi mankhwala odyedwa, ndipo sayenera kusakanikirana. Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukhala ndi zipangizo zoyenera kuti pakhale kutayikira. Dongosolo loyang'anira "zamagulu asanu" la zinthu zoopsa kwambiri liyenera kukhazikitsidwa mosamalitsa.

9. Information Transportation

Kulongedza njira: Ikani mu matumba apulasitiki, kusindikiza thumba pakamwa, ndiyeno kuika mu mbiya olimba zitsulo ndi makulidwe osachepera 0.75 mm. Chophimba cha mbiya chimamangidwa mwamphamvu. Kulemera konse kwa mbiya iliyonse ndi 50 kg; mabotolo agalasi opangidwa ndi ulusi, mabotolo agalasi okhala ndizitsulo, mabotolo apulasitiki kapena zitsulo

Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizodziwikiratu Sodium cyanide. Chonde werengani mosamala ngati mukufuna.