Kubwezeretsa Kwagolide Kwabwino Pogwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide: Carbon Slurry Process Overview

Kuchotsa golide wa Cyanide kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'migodi ya golide chifukwa chakuti imasinthasintha kwambiri ndi miyala, imatha kupanga golide pamalopo, komanso imabwezeretsa bwino kwambiri. Komabe, chifukwa cha mavuto oteteza chilengedwe, njira zikutengedwa kuti zithetse madzi otayira asanasungidwe komanso atasungidwa kuti asatuluke konse, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotulutsa cyanide yochepa kapena yopanda cyanide kuti ziteteze chilengedwe cha m'deralo. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe cyanide ndi Carbon -in-pulp (CIP) zimagwirira ntchito, cholinga chake ndi kumvetsetsa mfundo zochotsera golide pamene akuchotsa kuipitsa chilengedwe ndikupita ku migodi yosamalira chilengedwe.

Kutulutsa Golide wa Cyanide

Zomwe zimagwirira ntchito zikuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa cyanide ndi okosijeni, kutentha, kukula ndi mawonekedwe a tinthu tating'ono ta golide mu ore, kachulukidwe ka zamkati, slurry content, filimu yapamwamba pa tinthu tagolide, ndi nthawi yotulutsa.

Pamene ndende ya cyanide ili yochepa, kusungunuka kwa okosijeni kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo kusungunuka kwa golide kumadalira ndende ya cyanide; pamene ndende ya cyanide ili pamwamba, kusungunuka kwa golide kumatsimikiziridwa ndi ndende ya okosijeni, nthawi zambiri kuyambira 0.03% mpaka 0.05%. Ma oxidants ena, zothandizira leaching, kapena jakisoni wachindunji wa okosijeni nthawi zambiri amawonjezedwa kuti apititse patsogolo luso la leaching. Pachomera chimodzi cha carbon-in-pulp, kusintha mpweya ndi mpweya wochuluka wa okosijeni (oposa 90% oxygen) mu thanki yotulutsa mpweya kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa leaching ndi 0.89 peresenti. M’chomera china, kuwonjezera 0.1 kg/ton ya 98% lead acetate ku thanki yoyamba yokhetsa madzi kunachititsa kuchepa kwa giredi ya golidi kuchoka pa 0.218 g/ton kufika pa 0.209 g/ton. Kusungunuka kwa golide mu njira ya cyanide kumawonjezeka ndi kutentha, kawirikawiri kumasungidwa pakati pa 10 ° C ndi 20 ° C; M'munsi mwa 1.34 ° C, golide amawala, chifukwa chake zomera zakumpoto nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ma blowtorchi kusungunula mapaipi otsekedwa m'nyengo yozizira. Pamwamba pa 34.7 ° C, golide amakhala madzi, nthawi zambiri amatulutsa mpweya. Kukhazikika ndi kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala, kuchuluka koyenera kwa alkali kumawonjezedwa kulimbikitsa zomwe zimachitika ku hydrolysis; alkali imeneyi imatchedwa alkali yoteteza.

Tinthu tating'ono tagolide tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono timasungunuka mu cyanide. Kuphatikiza apo, golide wonyengerera, tinthu tating'ono tagolide tozungulira, ndi tinthu tating'ono ta golide tokhala ndi timabowo tamkati timasungunukanso mosavuta. Kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka zamkati kumapangitsa kuti ma viscosity achepe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma cyanide ayoni ndi okosijeni azifalikira mwachangu pamwamba pa tinthu tating'ono ta golide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisungunuke mwachangu komanso kuchuluka kwa leaching. Komabe, ndende yotsika imatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa zamkati, kukweza zida ndi ndalama za reagent. Kachulukidwe kabwino ka zamkati nthawi zambiri amakhala 40% mpaka 50%, koma ngati pali matope ambiri komanso zovuta, ziyenera kuyendetsedwa pa 20% mpaka 30%. Zonyansa zimatha kupanga mafilimu osiyanasiyana pamwamba pa tinthu tagolide, zomwe zimakhudza kutulutsa golide. Maminolo ogwirizana amakhudzidwa ndi mpweya, cyanide, ndi alkali, zomwe zimalepheretsa kutulutsa golide. Pamene nthawi ya leaching ikuwonjezeka, mlingo wa leaching umakhala wabwino mpaka malire ena, pambuyo pake mlingo umachepa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa voliyumu ndi kukula kwa golidi, kuonjezera mtunda wa pakati pa cyanide, mpweya wosungunuka, ndi golide, pamene zonyansa zimadziunjikira kuti zipange mafilimu owopsa a leaching. "Kumamatira" kwa agitator ya leaching thanki nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira, kutsika bwino, komanso kusakwanira kwa mpweya, komanso kusiyana kwamapangidwe pakati pa chopondera chapansi ndi pansi pa thanki. Pamsonkhano wina wa cyanide, thanki itatsekeka, anafunika kuchitapo kanthu pogwiritsa ntchito mfuti zamadzi zothamanga kwambiri, mfuti za air gun, ndi zitsulo zazitali kuti achotse mapaipi otsekedwawo. Potsirizira pake anapeza kuti kusiyana pakati pa choyikapo chapansi ndi pansi pa thanki kunali kuwirikiza kanayi kukula kwake, ndipo atasinthidwa, vuto linathetsedwa.

Kutulutsa Golide wa Carbon-in-Pulp (CIP).

Zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi monga kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya woipa (Activated Carbon adsorption), kuchotsedwa kwa mpweya woipa (desorption) ndi electrolysis, komanso kubwezeretsedwa kwa mpweya woipa (carbon regeneration).

Musanagwiritse ntchito activated carbon, iyenera "kuthwa ndi kuchotsedwa fumbi" kudzera mukupera. Pogula kaboni, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti mphamvu ndi mphamvu zonse zotsatsa ndizabwino kwambiri, zodzaza ndi 0.50 kg/L mpaka 0.55 kg/L. Kukula kwa tinthu kuyenera kukhala kofanana, nthawi zambiri pakati pa 6 mauna mpaka 12 mauna kapena 6 mauna mpaka 16 mauna, ndipo phulusa ndi zinthu zocheperako zisapitirire 3%. Pafakitale ina ya carbon zamkati, kuchuluka kwa kaboni wa ufa kumapangitsa kuti golide wamadzimadzi azitha kupitilira mulingo wamba nthawi zopitilira 16, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti golide atayike, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mpweyawo ulowe m'malo. Kachulukidwe ka kaboni mu thanki ya adsorption kumawonjezeka mu gradient; poganizira ukalamba, pafupipafupi mpweya m'malo ndi zothandiza golide kuchira. Pachomera chimodzi cha carbon zamkati, kusintha kwa kaboni kunasinthidwa kuchoka pamasiku atatu aliwonse kupita tsiku lina lililonse, zomwe zidapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa 3%.

Kutayika kwa kaboni pakusefukira kumabweretsanso kutayika kwa golide, makamaka chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa skrini yolekanitsa kaboni. M`pofunika chisanadze kuchotsa zinyalala pambuyo classifier ndi chimphepo. Chotchinga cholekanitsa kaboni chiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chophimba chopingasa cha cylindrical, ndipo nkhani zitha kuthetsedwanso pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa slurry kapena kusintha kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka kaboni pansi komanso kutuluka kwa mpweya m'mphepete mwa njira yopatsirana. Nkhani yodetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndiyo kutayikira kwa kaboni kuchokera mu thanki ya adsorption; Chotchinga chachitetezo cha ma mesh 40 pa thanki yosakanikirana ndi michira chimakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la "kusunga pachipata", ndipo chimayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikusamalidwa nthawi zonse kuti chitsimikizire kuti sichikuyenda bwino. Kuti muchepetse kuvala kwa kaboni, kusonkhezera kwachangu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuchotsa madzi ndi electrolysis kumachitika mu yankho la 1% sodium hydroxide ndi Sodium cyanide pansi pa kupanikizika kwa 0.35 MPa mpaka 0.39 MPa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi asungunuke kutentha kwa 135°C mpaka 160°C, komwe kuli pamwamba pa kutentha kwa yankho. Mlingo wa golide mu kaboni wochepa uli pansi pa 50 g/t, ndipo pakadali pano, kuchotsera madzi ndi electrolysis zomwe sizili za cyanide zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Kuti mpweya upangidwenso, 3% mpaka 5% ya dilute nitric acid kapena hydrochloric acid solution imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakunyowa kwa ola 0.5 mpaka 1 (momwemonso pansipa), ndikuyambitsa kwakanthawi. Pambuyo pa kuviika, mpweya umatsukidwa ndi madzi kuti muchotse asidi, kenako ndikulowetsa mu 1% sodium hydroxide solution kuti muchepetse asidi otsala. Pomaliza, mpweya umatsukidwa ndi 2 mpaka 3 kuchuluka kwa madzi okhudzana ndi bedi la carbon.

Cyanide Concentration, Alkalinity, ndi Carbon Density

Mukayesa kuchuluka kwa slurry, yesefani pogwiritsa ntchito funnel yokhala ndi pepala losefera. Tengani voliyumu inayake (mu ma milliliters) mu botolo lozungulira, onjezerani madontho 3-5 a methyl lalanje, ndipo yankholo lidzawonetsa mtundu wachikasu wopepuka. Titrate ndi yankho la silver nitrate wamba mpaka mtundu wa pinki utawonekera; kuchuluka kwa siliva nitrate womwe umadyedwa mu chubu cha acid titration kumasonyeza kuchuluka kwa cyanide, komwe kumagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa cyanide. Izi zitha kusinthidwa posintha kuchuluka kwa madzi a yankho la Sodium Cyanide . Mu yankholi, onjezani madontho 1-2 a phenolphthalein, omwe adzasanduka pinki, ndikutitrate ndi yankho la acetic acid wamba mpaka mtundu wa pinki utatha. Kusiyana kwa mulingo wa meniscus pa chubu cha acid titration isanayambe komanso itatha titration kumasonyeza kuchuluka kwa acetic acid yomwe imadyedwa (mu ma milliliters), komwe kumagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa laimu. Nthawi zina, oxalic acid imagwiritsidwa ntchito poika titration, kulamulira pH ya slurry kukhala pakati pa 10 ndi 12. Kuchuluka kwa calcium oxide mu slurry ndi pafupifupi 0.01% mpaka 0.02%. Alkalinity ingasinthidwenso mwa kusintha kuchuluka kwa laimu yomwe yawonjezeredwa. Mwachitsanzo, mu disc-type lime feeder, kuchuluka kwake kumatha kulamulidwa mwa kusintha malo a baffle.

Mphika wa carbon cylindrical carbon 1-lita, wokhala ndi chogwirira chopangidwa ndi δ8 rebar, uli ndi chogwirira chake kutalika pafupifupi 75% ya kuya kwa thanki. Pamwamba pa chogwiriracho ndi cholumikizidwa ndi chivindikiro chachitsulo chosatsegula cha mphika chokhala ndi waya wabwino wachitsulo kapena chingwe cha nayiloni. Mwa kukhwimitsa kapena kumasula waya kapena chingwe, carbon slurry imatha kulowa mumphika. Mukachotsa mphika mu thanki, tsanulirani carbon slurry yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa mu sieve yachitsanzo, muzimutsuka bwino ndi madzi oyera, ndikuchotsani madontho amadzi musanayese kuchuluka kwa carbon, zomwe zimapereka mphamvu ya carbon pa muyeso uwu, womwe umafotokozedwa mu magalamu pa lita imodzi. Zitsanzo zimatengedwa kuchokera kumtunda, pakati, ndi kumunsi kwa thanki, ndipo mtengo wapakati umatengedwa ngati carbon density ya thanki. Njira zochotsera mpweya, jekeseni, kutsitsa, ndi kutsuka kwa asidi zonse zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito jetting lamadzi. Chifukwa chake, kusintha kwa kachulukidwe ka kaboni mu thanki ya adsorption kumatha kuyendetsedwa kudzera mumpweya wokwezedwa ndi mpweya komanso kaboni wodyetsedwa ndi mphamvu yokoka potengera zotsatira zopezeka.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zamaluso? Lumikizanani nafe!

Malangizo Ofunda:Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, monga mawu, zinthu, mayankho, ndi zina zambiri,