Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Zaukadaulo Zaukadaulo wa Sodium Cyanide mu M'zigawo za Gold Ore

Sodium cyanide (NaCN), monga gwero lalikulu la golide, yakhala ikulamulira migodi ya golide padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chake chosungunula golide bwino. Komabe, pakuwonjezeka kwa zofunikira zachitetezo cha chilengedwe komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, njira yachikhalidwe ya cyanidation ikukumana ndi zovuta zingapo potengera mtengo, chitetezo, komanso kukhazikika. Nkhaniyi isanthula mozama njira yogwiritsira ntchito Sodium Cyanide in Kutulutsa Kwagolide ndikuwona zatsopano zaukadaulo zomwe zakhala zikuyendetsa kusintha kwamakampani m'zaka zaposachedwa.

I. Mfundo Zazikulu ndi Momwe Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito Pakalipano pa Njira Ya Cyanidation

1. Chemical Dissolution Mechanism

Sodium cyanide amasungunula golide potsatira zotsatirazi:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4NaAu(CN)₂ + 4NaOH

Izi zimachitika m'malo amchere (pH 10-11), ndipo mpweya wopitilira umafunika kuti golide akhalebe ndi okosijeni. Ngakhale kuti golide wobwezeretsanso njira ya cyanidation ndi yoposa 90%, kuopsa kwake komanso kuopsa kwa chilengedwe kwachititsa kuti makampaniwa afunefune kusintha.

2. Malangizo a Kukonzekera Kwamakono

• Njira yotsika kwambiri ya Cyanide: Kuchepetsa ndende ya cyanide kuchokera ku 0.1% mpaka 0.01% -0.03%, yomwe ingachepetse kumwa kwa reagents ndi chiwopsezo cha kutayikira;

• Kupititsa patsogolo Leaching Mwachangu: Pretreating ores kudzera akupanga kapena mayikirowevu luso, kapena kuwonjezera catalysts (monga kutsogolera mchere) kuti imathandizira anachita;

• Njira Yozungulira Yotsekera: Kukwaniritsa mulingo wobwezeretsanso wopitilira 95% wa yankho la cyanide ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya.

II. Zovuta Zatekinoloje Zomwe Zimakumana ndi Njira Ya Cyanidation

1. Kuvuta kwa Ores

• Ores Refractory: Mafuta a sulfide okhala ndi arsenic ndi sulfure amafunikira pre-oxidation (monga kuwotcha kapena kuthamanga kwa okosijeni), kuonjezera mtengo;

• Kusokoneza Zonyansa: Ma ion achitsulo monga mkuwa ndi chitsulo amadya cyanide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwonjezeka kwa 30% -50% mulingo wa reagents.

2. Mavuto a Zachilengedwe ndi Chitetezo

• Chiwopsezo cha Kutaya kwa Cyanide: Pa avareji, padziko lonse pamakhala ngozi 20 zakuchucha kwa cyanide, zomwe zikuwopseza magwero a madzi ndi chilengedwe;

• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zapamwamba Pokonzekera Kukonzekera: Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa njira zachikhalidwe za okosijeni kumapitilira 40% ya mtengo wonse.

III. Zaukadaulo Zaukadaulo: Kuchokera ku Zachikhalidwe kupita ku Njira Zobiriwira

1. Zotsogola zaukadaulo wa Cyanide-free Leaching Technologies

• Njira ya Thiourea Leaching: Kugwiritsa ntchito acidic thiourea solution (pH 1.5-2.5) kusungunula golide, ndi njira yochitira:

Au + 2CS(NH₂)₂ + Fe³⁺ → Au[CS(NH₂)₂]₂⁺ + Fe²⁺

Ubwino: Non poizoni, oyenera otsika oxidized ores otsika;

Zolepheretsa: Ma acidic amatha kuwononga zida, ndipo mtengo wake ndi 15% -20% kuposa wa njira ya cyanidation.

• Njira ya Bromination Leaching: Kutenga sodium bromide / potaziyamu bromate system, yokhala ndi golide wobwezeretsa mpaka 92%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa leaching ndi 3 nthawi mwachangu kuposa njira ya cyanidation.

2. Biological Leaching ndi Nanotechnology

• Kukonzekera kwa Microbial: Kugwiritsa ntchito Thiobacillus ferrooxidans kuwola miyala ya sulfide, kutulutsa golide kuchokera ku mineral encapsulation ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya pre-oxidation ndi 30%;

• Adsorption ndi Nanomatadium: Graphene oxide imatha kunyamula Au(CN)₂⁻ mosankha, yokhala ndi mphamvu yokweza mpaka 500 mg/g, yomwe ndi yayikulu katatu kuposa ya yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito. Carbon.

3. Zosintha Zamakono ndi Zanzeru

• Kuneneratu kwa Slurry Concentration ndi AI: Kupititsa patsogolo ndende ya slurry pogwiritsa ntchito makina ophunzirira makina, kuchepetsa kutaya kwa cyanide ndi 10% -15%;

• Traceability kudzera Blockchain: Kujambula deta yonse ya cyanide ya moyo wanu kuti muwonetsetse kuyang'anira.

IV. Milandu Yodziwika Ndi Zochita Zamakampani

1. Newmont Corporation ku Canada

• luso: Kutengera ukadaulo wa "Biological Leaching + kupatukana kwa membrane" kuti athetsere ore;

• zipambano: Kuchepetsa kumwa kwa cyanide ndi 60% ndikuwonjezera kubweza golide mpaka 94%.

2. Zijin Mining Group ku China

• Technology: Kupanga pawokha "otsika-cyanide komanso wogwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri golide", kuchepetsa mlingo wa cyanide ndi 40%;

• Gusaba Akazi Gashya: Kulikweza mumgodi wina wa golide ku Guizhou, ndikupulumutsa ndalama zokwana yuan 20 miliyoni pachaka.

V. Zochitika Zam'tsogolo ndi Zoyembekeza

1. Kulamulira kwa Green Processes: Zikuyembekezeka kuti pofika chaka cha 2030. matekinoloje a leaching opanda cyanide adzawerengera 30% ya gawo la msika;

2. Anzeru Mines: AI ndi intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT) zidzathandiza kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi yeniyeni ya ndondomeko yonse, kuchepetsa ngozi ndi 80%;

3. Circular Economy Model: Kuchulukitsa kuchira kwa cyanide kuchoka pa 60% kufika pa 90%, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina (monga ammonium sulfate) pobwezeretsanso zinthu.

Kutsiliza

Kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide m'zigawo za golidi zikusintha kuchokera ku "kuipitsa kwakukulu" kupita ku njira ya "teknoloji yapamwamba". Ngakhale kuti njira ya cyanidation idzalamulirabe pakanthawi kochepa, kupita patsogolo kwa cyanide-free leaching, biological engineering, and digital technologies kumasonyeza kuti migodi ya golide idzalowa m'nyengo yatsopano yomwe ili yotetezeka, yogwira ntchito, komanso yokhazikika. M'tsogolomu, zotsatira za synergistic zaukadaulo waukadaulo ndi chitsogozo cha ndondomeko zidzasinthanso mawonekedwe amakampani, kukwaniritsa zopambana pakati pa phindu lazachuma ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe.