Udindo wa Sodium Cyanide mu Metal Electroplating

Introduction

Electroplating ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale yomwe imaphatikizapo kuyika chitsulo chochepa kwambiri pagawo, makamaka pazifukwa monga kuteteza dzimbiri, kukonza mawonekedwe, komanso kukulitsa mawonekedwe a zinthuzo. Sodium cyanide (NaCN), ngakhale ili ndi poizoni wambiri, imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga ma electroplating. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za ntchito zenizeni komanso kufunika kwa Sodium cyanide in Metal electroplating.

Ma Chemical Properties a Sodium Cyanide Ogwirizana ndi Electroplating

Sodium cyanide ndi mankhwala osakhazikika. Ndiwosungunuka kwambiri m'madzi, yomwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mabafa a electroplating. Mu njira yamadzimadzi, imasiyanitsidwa kukhala ayoni a sodium (Na+) ndi ayoni a cyanide (CN-). Ma cyanide ions ndi ofunika kwambiri pa electroplating chifukwa ali ndi chizolowezi champhamvu chopanga ma complexes ndi ayoni achitsulo.

Ntchito Zosambira za Electroplating

Kuvuta ndi Metal Ions

Imodzi mwa ntchito zoyambirira za Sodium Cyanide mu electroplating ndi kupanga zitsulo-cyanide zovuta ndi ayoni zitsulo mu plating njira. Mwachitsanzo, mubafa la copper electroplating, sodium cyanide imakhudzidwa ndi ayoni amkuwa (kuchokera ku mchere wamkuwa monga copper sulfate kapena copper cyanide). Ma cyanide ions amalumikizana ndi ma ayoni amkuwa kupanga ma copper-cyanide complexes, monga Cu(CN)₂⁻ ndi Cu(CN)₃²⁻. Ma complexeswa ali ndi kukhazikika kosiyana ndi kusinthasintha kosiyana malinga ndi chiŵerengero cha ayoni amkuwa ndi cyanide ions mu yankho. Mapangidwe a ma complex awa ndi ofunikira chifukwa amakhudza machitidwe a ayoni achitsulo panthawi ya electroplating.

Kuchepetsa Anode Polarization

Mu selo la electroplating, anode ndiye gwero la ayoni achitsulo kuti akhazikike pa cathode (gawo lomwe limakutidwa). Anode polarization akhoza kuchitika pamene anode pamwamba amakhala yokutidwa ndi wosanjikiza mankhwala anachita kapena pamene mlingo wa zitsulo Kusungunuka kwa anode sikokwanira kukhalabe zonse kotunga zitsulo ayoni mu yankho. Sodium cyanide imathandizira kuchepetsa anode polarization. Ma cyanide ions mu njirayo amachitira ndi zitsulo pamtunda wa anode, zomwe zimathandizira kusungunuka kwachitsulo cha anode. Mwachitsanzo, mu anode yamkuwa, ma ayoni a cyanide amalumikizana ndi maatomu amkuwa kuti apange ma copper-cyanide complexes, omwe amalowa mu yankho. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti pali yunifolomu komanso mosalekeza ya ayoni achitsulo kuchokera ku anode, zomwe zimatsogolera ku njira yokhazikika komanso yothandiza ya electroplating.

Kukhazikika kwa Electroplating Solution

Sodium cyanide imathandiziranso kukhazikika kwa njira ya electroplating. Metal ayoni mu njira akhoza kuchita ndi zigawo zina mu kusamba, monga zosafunika kapena madzi, kupanga precipitates kapena kukumana zapathengo mbali zimachitikira. Mapangidwe azitsulo-cyanide complexes amakhazikika zitsulo zitsulo, kuwalepheretsa kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika zosayenerazi. Mwachitsanzo, ma copper-cyanide complexes omwe amapangidwa pamaso pa sodium cyanide amakhala okhazikika kuposa ayoni amkuwa aulere, amachepetsa mwayi wa mpweya wa copper hydroxide mu bafa la alkaline electroplating.

Kuwonjezera Cathode Polarization

Pa cathode, pomwe ma ion achitsulo amachepetsedwa ndikuyikidwa pagawo laling'ono, polarization yoyenera ndiyofunikira kuti mukwaniritse zokutira zachitsulo zosalala komanso zomata. Sodium cyanide imathandizira polarization ya cathode. Mitsuko yachitsulo-cyanide ndi yayikulu kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi gawo linalake la delocalization chifukwa chogwirizana ndi ayoni a cyanide. Pamene zovutazi zikuyandikira cathode, njira yochepetsera imayendetsedwa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kuchepetsa zitsulo zachitsulo zaulere. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zitsulo zikhale zofanana kwambiri pa cathode pamwamba. Kupititsa patsogolo kwa cathode polarization kumabweretsa kukula kwa kristalo pang'ono panthawi yoyika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zokutira zachitsulo zowoneka bwino komanso zomatira bwino ku gawo lapansi.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Njira Zosiyanasiyana Zopangira Zitsulo

Copper Plating

Mu electroplating yamkuwa, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito komwe kumayenera kusungitsa mkuwa wapamwamba kwambiri. Malo osambira opangidwa ndi mkuwa opangidwa ndi cyanide amapereka mphamvu zabwino zoponya, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatha kuyika mkuwa wofanana ndi zinthu zowoneka bwino. Ma copper-cyanide complexes omwe amapangidwa pamaso pa sodium cyanide amalola kuwongolera mwatsatanetsatane kuchuluka kwa mkuwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mkuwa wosalala komanso wowala. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito monga zokongoletsera zokongoletsera pa zodzikongoletsera, zolumikizira zamagetsi, ndi matabwa osindikizidwa.

Silver Plating

Sodium cyanide ndi gawo lofunikira pakusamba kwasiliva electroplating. Mofanana ndi plating yamkuwa, ma cyanide ions amapanga zinthu zokhazikika za silver-cyanide. Ma complexes awa amathandizira kuti akwaniritse zokutira zasiliva zowala, zosalala komanso zomata. Silver plating yokhala ndi mabafa opangidwa ndi cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zapa tebulo, zinthu zokongoletsera, ndi kulumikizana kwamagetsi, komwe kumafuna kuwongolera kwambiri komanso kukana dzimbiri kwa siliva.

Golide Plating

Golide electroplating nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide kupanga golide-cyanide complexes. Kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide m'malo osambira agolide amalola kuyika kwa golide wosanjikiza wopyapyala komanso womatira bwino kwambiri. Kuyika golide kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga zamagetsi pazinthu monga zolumikizira ndi zolumikizira kuti zithandizire kuwongolera magetsi komanso kupewa dzimbiri. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'makampani opanga zodzikongoletsera pofuna kukongoletsa. Kutha kuwongolera njira yoyikamo bwino pogwiritsa ntchito mabafa okhala ndi sodium cyanide kumatsimikizira kuti zokutira zagolide zimakhala ndi zinthu zomwe mukufuna, monga mtundu, kulimba, komanso kulimba.

Zilingaliro Za Chitetezo

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti sodium cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri. Kukoka mpweya, kumeza, kapena kukhudzana ndi khungu ndi sodium cyanide kapena mankhwala ake akhoza kupha. Imathanso kuchitapo kanthu ndi ma acid kuti apange mpweya wapoizoni wa haidrojeni cyanide. Chifukwa chake, malamulo okhwima otetezedwa ayenera kutsatiridwa pogwira ntchito ya sodium cyanide pama electroplating. Ogwira ntchito akuyenera kuphunzitsidwa bwino za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mankhwalawo motetezeka, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodzitetezera zoyenera monga magolovesi, magalasi, ndi chitetezo cha kupuma. Malo opangira ma elekitirodi ayenera kukhala ndi malo ogwirira ntchito omwe ali ndi mpweya wabwino komanso mapulani oyankhira mwadzidzidzi pakatayikira kapena kuwululidwa mwangozi. Kuonjezera apo, kutaya zinyalala zomwe zili ndi sodium cyanide ziyenera kuchitidwa motsatira malamulo okhwima a chilengedwe pofuna kupewa kuipitsidwa ndi magwero a madzi ndikuwononga zamoyo zam'madzi.

Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito zambiri komanso yofunika kwambiri pakupanga zitsulo zamagetsi. Kutha kwake kupanga zitsulo-cyanide complexes, kuchepetsa anode polarization, kukhazikika njira electroplating, ndi kupititsa patsogolo cathode polarization kumapangitsa kukhala chigawo chofunika kwambiri kukwaniritsa zokutira zitsulo apamwamba. Komabe, chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kake, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide mu electroplating ndikofunikira kwambiri. Pomwe ukadaulo ukupita patsogolo, zoyeserera zikupangidwanso kuti pakhale njira zina, zopanda poizoni zopangira ma electroplating, koma pakadali pano, sodium cyanide ikadali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamafakitale ambiri opanga ma electroplating.