Sodium Cyanide mu Migodi Yamtengo Wapatali: Kuyang'ana Kwakuya

Introduction

Mu ntchito yofufuza zitsulo zamtengo wapatali monga golide ndi siliva, sodium cyanide yakhala ikugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kwa zaka zoposa zana. Kuyambira pomwe idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma 1880, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zochokera ku cyanide kwasintha kwambiri ntchito yotulutsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatalizi kuchokera m'matanthwe a miyala. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mbali zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito Sodium Cyanide mu migodi yachitsulo chamtengo wapatali , kuphatikizapo mankhwala ake, njira yotulutsira , njira zotetezera, komanso momwe chilengedwe chimakhudzira.

Ma Chemical Properties a Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi sodium (Na), Carbon (C), ndi nayitrogeni (N). Nthawi zambiri imawoneka ngati yoyera, yosungunuka m'madzi. M'mafakitale, imatha kupangidwa kudzera m'njira ziwiri zazikulu. Choyamba ndi pochita hydrogen cyanide (HCN) ndi sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ndipo china ndi kudzera mu njira ya Castner, pomwe sodium amide (NaNH₂) imakumana ndi kaboni kutentha kwambiri.

Njira ya Cyanide Leaching process

Kukonzekera Ore

Njira yochotsera cyanide isanayambe, miyala yokhala ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali iyenera kukonzedwa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kuphwanya ndi kupukuta miyalayo kukhala ufa wosalala. Cholinga chake ndikuwonjezera malo pamwamba pa miyalayo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale kulumikizana bwino pakati pa yankho la Sodium cyanide ndi tinthu tachitsulo tamtengo wapatali. Mwachitsanzo, pakukumba golide, ngati golide afalikira m'miyala yonse pang'ono, kupukuta bwino kumatha kupangitsa kuti golide wambiri alowe m'miyalayo.

Kulalikira

Mwala ukakhala woyenerera, njira yowunikira ya sodium cyanide imayambitsidwa. Pamaso pa mpweya, mankhwala zimachitika. Golide amapanga zovuta ndi cyanide ions, kupanga golide wosungunuka - cyanide complex. Vutoli limasungunuka mu yankho, kulekanitsa bwino golide ku matrix ena onse a ore. Mpweya wa okosijeni umathandiza kuti golidewo azisungunuka, kuchititsa kuti asungunuke.

Kubwezeretsa Zitsulo Zamtengo Wapatali

Pambuyo pa ndondomeko ya leaching, sitepe yotsatira ndikubwezeretsanso zitsulo zamtengo wapatali muzitsulo. Njira imodzi yodziwika bwino ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito zinki. Zinc ikawonjezeredwa ku yankho, imachotsa golide mu golide - cyanide complex, kutembenuza golide kukhala mawonekedwe olimba. Golide wolimbayu atha kukonzedwanso, makamaka kudzera mukusungunula, kuti apeze golide weniweni.

Mitundu ya Cyanide Leaching

Vat Leaching (Magila Olamulidwa)

Zomwe zimatchedwanso kuti vat leaching, njirayi imachitikira pamphero yapadera yomwe ili pamalo amigodi. Mwala wophwanyidwa bwino umayikidwa mumchere wa cyanide. Njira yothetsera vutoli imamangiriza ndi ayoni muzitsulo zamtengo wapatali, zomwe zimawalola kuti azisiyanitsidwa ndi yankho. Komabe, zinthu monga kupezeka kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana mu ore zingakhudze mphamvu ya njirayi. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zina zimatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi cyanide kapena zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, zomwe zimasokoneza mapangidwe a sungunuka. Kuonjezera apo, pamene kuyambitsidwa kwa mpweya wochuluka kungathe kufulumizitsa ndondomeko ya leaching, izi sizichitika nthawi zonse m'mphero chifukwa cha nkhawa za mtengo.

Kuchuluka kwa Leaching

Kuchotsa milu ndi njira ina yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mwanjira imeneyi, miyala yophwanyidwayo imawunjika milu ikuluikulu. Madzi a sodium cyanide amawapopera pamwamba pa miluyi. Madziwo akamadutsa muzitsulo, amasungunula zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Kutulutsa kwa milu kumakwera mtengo - kumagwira ntchito poyerekeza ndi kukhetsa kwa vat, makamaka kwa ore otsika. Imakhalanso ndi mwayi wowonjezera mpweya kusakaniza mwachibadwa pamene yankho likudutsa muzitsulo. Komabe, chovuta chachikulu ndikuvuta kuwongolera tsogolo la njira yapoizoni ya cyanide ikamaliza kutulutsa.

Njira Zochitetezera

Ngakhale kuti imathandiza pochotsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, sodium cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri. Mumitundu yonse yolimba komanso ya mpweya, imatha kupha ngati italowetsedwa kapena kukopa. Komabe, m'makampani amigodi, pali njira zotetezera chitetezo. Kuchuluka kwa cyanide mu njira yochotsamo kumakhala kotsika kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kumakhala magawo 100 mpaka 500 pa miliyoni. Ogwira ntchito yonyamula sodium cyanide, kaya ndi ma briquette olimba kapena ma solutions, amayenera kuvala zida zoyenera zodzitetezera, monga masks kuti ateteze ku fumbi lopangidwa ndi mpweya kapena mpweya wokhala ndi cyanide yambiri. M'malo mwake, ku North America ndi Australia, sipanakhale imfa yokhudzana ndi cyanide pakati pa ogwira ntchito mumgodi pazaka zopitilira 100, zomwe zikuwonetsa mphamvu zachitetezo ichi.

Zochitika Zachilengedwe

Chodetsa nkhawa chachikulu chokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide m'migodi ndi momwe angakhudzire chilengedwe. Ngati njira ya cyanide ilowa m'madzi a pamwamba, imatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa. Nsomba zimadziwika kuti zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi cyanide kuposa anthu. Kuwonongeka kwa cyanide kumatha kusokoneza zachilengedwe, kuwononga zamoyo zam'madzi komanso kusokoneza chakudya chonse. Pofuna kuchepetsa zoopsazi, makampani opanga migodi amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsera chilengedwe. Izi zikuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito maiwe okhala ndi mizere kuti asungire njira za cyanide, njira zoyenera zosungiramo kuti asatayike, komanso njira zochizira kuti cyanide achotse poizoni - wokhala ndi madzi onyansa asanatulutsidwe.

Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide imakhalabe mankhwala ofunikira pakukumba zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Kukhoza kwake kuchotsa golide, siliva, ndi zitsulo zina zamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali kwapangitsa kuti ikhale mwala wapangodya wamakampani amakono amigodi. Komabe, zoopsa zomwe zimakhudzidwa, pokhudzana ndi chitetezo ndi chilengedwe, sizinganyalanyazidwe. Kupyolera mu kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo okhwima a chitetezo ndi machitidwe apamwamba oyendetsera zachilengedwe, makampani a migodi akupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide moyenera, kugwirizanitsa kufunikira kochotsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ndi kuteteza thanzi la anthu ndi chilengedwe. Pamene teknoloji ikupita patsogolo, zikutheka kuti njira zowonjezereka komanso zowononga zachilengedwe zopangira zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zidzapangidwa, koma mtsogolomu, sodium cyanide idzapitiriza kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamakampani ofunikirawa.