Udindo wa Sodium Cyanide mu Mineral Processing Chemicals

Introduction

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ndi mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito yokonza mchere , ngakhale kuti ndi poizoni kwambiri. Makhalidwe ake apadera a mankhwala amamuthandiza kuchita mbali zofunika kwambiri pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, makamaka pochotsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za ntchito ndi momwe sodium cyanide imagwirira ntchito pokonza mchere.

Ma Chemical Properties a Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide ndi ufa woyera, crystalline ndi kukomoka, amondi fungo owawa. Ndiwosungunuka kwambiri m'madzi ndipo ndi hygroscopic, kutanthauza kuti imatenga chinyezi kuchokera mumlengalenga. Mu njira yamadzimadzi, imasiyanitsidwa kukhala ayoni a sodium (Na⁺) ndi ayoni a cyanide (CN⁻). Cyanide ion ndiye mtundu wofunikira kwambiri womwe umapangitsa kuti ntchito zake zizigwiranso ntchito pakukonza mchere. Ili ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu wa ayoni ena achitsulo, omwe amapanga maziko a ntchito zake.

Udindo pa Kukumba Golide ndi Siliva

Kutulutsa Golide

Chimodzi mwa ntchito zodziwika bwino za Sodium Cyanide pokonza mchere ndi pochotsa golide . Njirayi imachokera pa mfundo yakuti golide amatha kupanga zinthu zokhazikika ndi ma ayoni a cyanide pamaso pa mpweya. Zomwe zimachitika zitha kufotokozedwa motere:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Mu njira imeneyi, golide amasungunuka ndi mpweya kenako amapanga soluble complex, sodium aurocyanide (Na[Au(CN)₂]). Complex iyi imatha kulekanitsidwa ndi ore matrix, nthawi zambiri kudzera mu njira yolowetsera pa activated Carbon kapena pogwiritsa ntchito fumbi la zinc kuti lipange simenti kuti golideyo apangidwe.

Kugwiritsa ntchito Sodium cyanide pochotsa golide kumapereka zabwino zingapo. Ndikotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi njira zina. Njirayi ndi yothandiza kwambiri, imatha kubweza golide kuchokera ku miyala yotsika. Mwachitsanzo, m'migodi yayikulu ya golide monga ku South Africa ndi Australia, kuchotsedwa kwa cyanide kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide pochotsa golide kumabweretsanso nkhawa zazikulu zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe komanso chitetezo chifukwa cha poizoni wake.

Kutulutsa Siliva

Mofanana ndi golide, siliva amathanso kuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Siliva imapanga chosungunuka chosungunuka ndi ma cyanide ions, monga Na[Ag(CN)₂]. Njira yochotsera siliva ndi yofanana ndi ya golidi, yomwe imaphatikizapo kutulutsa miyala ndi cyanide - yomwe ili ndi yankho. Njirayi ndiyothandiza pochotsa siliva kumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya siliva - yokhala ndi ores, kuphatikiza argentite (Ag₂S) ndi nyanga yasiliva (AgCl).

Udindo Pakulekanitsa Chitsulo ndi Kuyeretsa

Selective Dissolution

Sodium cyanide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito posankha zitsulo zina kuchokera ku mchere wosakaniza. Mwachitsanzo, mu miyala yamtengo wapatali yokhala ndi mkuwa, zinki, ndi zitsulo zina pamodzi ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, sodium cyanide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusungunula golide ndi siliva mwapadera ndikusiya zitsulo zina kumbuyo. Kusankha kumeneku kumatengera kukhazikika kwachitsulo - cyanide complexes. Kukhazikika kwazitsulo - ma cyanide complexes amasiyana, ndi golidi ndi siliva kupanga maofesi okhazikika, pamene zitsulo zina zoyambira zimapanga zovuta zosakhazikika pansi pazifukwa zina.

Mwachitsanzo, muzitsulo zamkuwa - golide, mkuwa ukhoza kuchotsedwa koyamba ndi njira zina monga kuyandama kapena leaching acid. Kenako, sodium cyanide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutulutsa golide wotsalayo. Kusungunuka kosankha kumeneku kumapangitsa kulekanitsa bwino ndi kuyeretsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku ores ovuta.

Kuvuta kwa Kuyeretsedwa

Zitsulo zachitsulo - cyanide zikapangidwa, zimatha kukonzedwanso kuti ziyeretsedwe. Mwachitsanzo, pankhani ya kutulutsa golide, pambuyo popanga Na[Au(CN)₂], zovutazo zimatha kupatulidwa ndi zonyansa mu yankho. Zovuta za cyanide zimatha kuthandizidwa ndi chochepetsera kuti agwetse golide weniweni. Nthawi zina, zitsulo - cyanide complexes angagwiritsidwe ntchito njira electroplating. Mu electroplating, zitsulo - cyanide complex zimakhala ngati gwero la ayoni zitsulo. Ma cyanide ions muzovuta amathandizira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwachitsulo pagawo laling'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitsulo zikhale zofananira komanso zomatira.

Kuganizira Zachilengedwe ndi Chitetezo

Ngakhale kuti ndi othandiza pakukonza mchere, sodium cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri. Ngakhale pang'ono pang'ono akhoza kupha ngati atalowetsedwa, atakoka mpweya, kapena atalowetsedwa pakhungu. M'chilengedwe, ngati sodium cyanide itatulutsidwa, imatha kuwononga zamoyo zam'madzi ndi zapadziko lapansi. Cyanide imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi madzi kupanga hydrogen cyanide (HCN), mpweya wotentha kwambiri komanso wapoizoni.

Kuchepetsa zoopsazi, chitetezo chokhwima ndi malamulo achilengedwe amalamulira kagwiritsidwe ntchito, kasungidwe, ndi kayendedwe ka sodium cyanide m'makampani opanga mchere. Malo osungiramo migodi ndi pokonza zinthu ayenera kukhazikitsa njira zoyenera zosungiramo ndi chithandizo kuti asatulutse cyanide - yomwe ili ndi zinyalala. Mwachitsanzo, njira zochizira monga alkaline chlorination, hydrogen peroxide oxidation, ndi sulfure dioxide - air oxidation amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphwanya cyanide m'madzi onyansa asanatulutsidwe.

Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito yofunikira pakukonza mchere, makamaka pochotsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali monga golide ndi siliva komanso kulekanitsa zitsulo ndi kuyeretsa. Kukhoza kwake kupanga ma complexes okhazikika ndi ayoni ena achitsulo kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yothandiza. Komabe, kuopsa kwake koopsa kumafunikira chitetezo chokhazikika komanso kasamalidwe ka chilengedwe. Pamene ntchito ya migodi ikupitabe patsogolo, pali kufunika kokulirapo kuti pakhale njira zina zomwe zingathe kukwaniritsa zotsatira zofanana popanda kuopsa kogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Komabe, pakadali pano, sodium cyanide ikadali mankhwala ofunikira m'gulu la zida zopangira mchere, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa polimbana ndi kufunikira kwa chitetezo ndi kuteteza chilengedwe.