Kupititsa patsogolo Cyanidation kwa Kutulutsa Golide kuchokera ku Refractory Ores

M'mafakitale a migodi ya golide, kuchotsedwa kwa golide kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali kumabweretsa mavuto aakulu. Refractory ores, omwe amadziwika ndi kusakwanira golide kuchira pansi pachikhalidwe cyanide Leaching mikhalidwe, zakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri la chuma cha golide pomwe gawo la miyala yokonzedwa mosavuta likuchepa. Golide mu miyala yotereyi nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo obalalika bwino mkati mwa mchere wa sulfide, makamaka pyrite ndi arsenopyrite, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza mayankho a cyanide.

Kumvetsetsa Vuto la Ores Refractory

Kukaniza kwa miyala iyi kuwongolera Cyanidation zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kulowetsedwa kwa golidi mkati mwa mchere wa sulfide. Kuphatikizika kwakuthupi kumeneku kumalepheretsa cyanide kuti isagwire bwino ndi golide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchira kochepa. Chotsatira chake, njira zapadera zogwirira ntchito zimafunikira kuti ziwonjezeke kuchotsedwa kwa golide kuchokera ku miyala ya refractory.

Pretreatment Technologies for Refractory Ores

Kuwotcha kwa Oxidative

Kuwotcha okosijeni yakhala imodzi mwa njira zachikhalidwe zopangira golide wa sulfide - wokhala ndi zoikamo. Panthawi imeneyi, golidi - okhala ndi sulfide amathiridwa ndi okosijeni mumtundu wa oxides, womwe umalola kuti ma cyanide alowe bwino. Komabe, njirayi ili ndi zovuta zingapo. Zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kudzera mu mpweya wa arsenic ndi sulfure. Kufunika kotaya poizoni wa arsenic trioxide ndikodetsanso kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, kupanga mankhwala otsika osungunuka ndi kuchotsedwa kwa golide mu arsenic sublimates panthawi yowotcha kungachepetse Kuchotsa golide kuchita bwino. Mwachitsanzo, m'machitidwe akuwotcha achikhalidwe, kutsika kwa golide kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali kumatha kungokwera kuchoka pa 46.6% (kuwotcha molunjika kwa flotation concentrate) kufika pafupifupi 85% mutawotcha.

Bacterial Oxidation (Biox)

Bacterial oxidation ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yoteteza chilengedwe. Pochita izi, mabakiteriya ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa mchere wa sulfide, ndikuphwanya matrix omwe amapaka golide. Izi zimapangitsa golide kukhala wosavuta ku cyanide. Ubwino waukadaulowu ndi kusakhalapo kwa mpweya wapoizoni. Arsenic imachotsedwa panjirayo ngati mawonekedwe a arsenate achitsulo otsika. Kafukufuku woyeserera awonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa Biox kumatha kukulitsa kuchotsedwa kwa golide mpaka 91.74% kuchokera kumayendedwe osunthika osunthika, omwe ndikusintha kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi cyanidation yolunjika.

Autoclave Oxidation (Pox)

Autoclave oxidation imaphatikizapo kuyika chitsulocho kuti chikhale chapamwamba - kutentha ndi kupanikizika kwakukulu pamaso pa mpweya. Izi bwino oxidize mchere sulfide. Preliminary autoclave oxidative leaching of flotation concentrate imatha kubweza golide wokhazikika ndi cyanidation wotsatira, nthawi zambiri pamlingo wa 94.9 - 96.5%. Njirayi imapereka mitengo yotsika kwambiri ndipo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukulitsa luso laukadaulo, kukonza chitetezo chamakampani pamabizinesi opangira golide, komanso kukulitsa momwe ogwira ntchito amagwirira ntchito.

Zowonjezera ndi Udindo Wawo mu Cyanidation

Cyanide - Kuchepetsa Zowonjezera

Cyanide ndiye reagent yodziwika bwino yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa golide, koma kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwakukulu sikungowonjezera ndalama komanso kumabweretsa chiwopsezo chachikulu ku chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu. Extractech, chowonjezera chapamwamba cha biopolymer chochokera ku algae, chapangidwa kuti chithetse vutoli. Mukawonjezeredwa ku njira ya cyanidation, imatha kukhala ngati super-oxidant. Imathyola zomangira za mchere wambiri - oxidation - reduction - kuthekera (ORP) mu ore osagwirizana. Kachitidwe ka mankhwala kumachitika ndi tinthu tating'ono ta golide, ndikusiya golideyo powonekera kwambiri kuti achite ndi cyanide. Monga chowonjezera pa njira yomwe ilipo ya cyanidation, Extractech imatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide mpaka 20 - 30% pomwe ikukulitsa zokolola za golide ndi 3 - 5%.

Zina Zowonjezera

Zowonjezera zina zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo njira ya cyanidation. Mwachitsanzo, zina zowonjezera zimatha kuwonjezera "oxygen yogwira ntchito" mu zamkati, zomwe zimapindulitsa pakuchita kwa cyanidation. Atha kukhalanso ndi ntchito monga kubalalitsidwa, kuthandiza kufalitsa zamkati ndikuwonjezera kulumikizana koyenera pakati pa cyanide ndi golide. Kuphatikiza apo, atha kukhala ndi ntchito yochotsa, kuchotsa kapena kufooketsa zoyipa zoyipa zomwe zili muzamkati pakupanga golide. Zowonjezera za Chelating zitha kukulitsa kusungunuka kwa golide ndikuchotsa zinthu zodetsa zomwe zimakhudza kutulutsa golide.

Kukonzekera kwa Njira mu Cyanidation

Kuwongolera pH

Cyanide mu zamkati amakumana ndi hydrolysis reaction, kupanga HCN, gawo lomwe limatuluka kuchokera ku yankho, zomwe zimapangitsa kutayika kwa cyanide ndi kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe. Panthawi ya cyanide leaching, yankho liyenera kukhala ndi alkalinity kuti cyanide isawonongeke. Komabe, ngati mchere wa cyanide solution uli wochuluka kwambiri, umachepetsa kusungunuka kwa golide. Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera bwino kwa pH ndikofunikira kuti cyanidation igwire bwino.

Leaching Time

Pamene nthawi ya leaching ikuchulukirachulukira, chiwongola dzanja cha golide chimayamba kukwera. Komabe, pakapita nthawi, kuwonjezera nthawi ya leaching sikumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa golide. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa nthawi yoyenera yoperekera golide kuti mukwaniritse bwino kutulutsa golide popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu ndi nthawi yosafunikira.

Chowonjezera cha oxygen

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa okosijeni monga okosijeni wangwiro kapena ma oxide ena mu leaching kungathandize kusintha malo otsetsereka. Mwachitsanzo, mu mpweya - utomoni leaching ndondomeko, Kuwonjezera mpweya akhoza bwino kuonjezera leaching mlingo wa golide ndi siliva, imathandizira leaching liwiro, kufupikitsa leaching nthawi, ndi kuchepetsa kumwa cyanide ndi nitrate nitrate.

Kutsiliza

Kupititsa patsogolo njira ya cyanidation yochotsa golide kuchokera ku ore refractory kumafuna kuphatikizika kwa matekinoloje oyenerera, kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera, komanso kukhathamiritsa kwatsatanetsatane. Njira zochiritsiratu monga mabakiteriya oxidation ndi autoclave oxidation zimapereka njira zina zosamalira zachilengedwe komanso zothandiza poyerekeza ndi kuwotcha kwachikhalidwe. Zowonjezera zimatha kukhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide ndikuwonjezera kuchira kwa golide. Poyang'anira mosamala magawo azinthu monga pH, nthawi ya leaching, ndi mpweya wabwino, migodi ya golide imatha kupititsa patsogolo kutulutsa bwino kwa ore, ndikupangitsa kuti ntchito yochotsa ikhale yokhazikika komanso yotheka pachuma.