Kutulutsa Golide Wopanda Cyanide: Kukumbatira Njira Zina Zobiriwira

Introduction

Kuchotsa golide kwakhala ntchito yofunika kwambiri, koma njira yachikhalidwe yodalira Sodium cyanide yadzutsa nkhawa kwambiri zachilengedwe ndi thanzi. Sodium cyanide ndi chapoizoni kwambiri ndipo chikhoza kuwononga kwambiri zachilengedwe ngati sichisamalidwa bwino. M'zaka zaposachedwa, pakhala pali chilimbikitso chokulirapo chopanga njira zina, zokhazikika Kuchotsa golide. Cholemba ichi chabulogu chikuwunika njira zatsopanozi zomwe zimapereka njira yowongoka kwambiri panjira yakale yopezera golidi.

Vuto ndi Sodium Cyanide mu Kutulutsa Golide

Sodium cyanide yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa golide kwazaka zopitilira 100 chifukwa cha mphamvu yake pakusungunula golide kuchokera ku miyala. Komabe, kawopsedwe ake ndi vuto lalikulu. Ngakhale pang’ono, cyanide ikhoza kupha zamoyo za m’madzi, mbalame, ndi nyama zoyamwitsa. Pakatayika kapena kutayidwa molakwika pogwira ntchito zamigodi, cyanide imatha kuwononga magwero a madzi, nthaka, ndi mpweya, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuonjezera apo, kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide kumafuna njira zotetezera, ndipo kulephera kulikonse kungayambitse mavuto kwa ogwira ntchito.

Kulonjeza Njira Zobiriwira za Sodium Cyanide

1. Bioleaching

Bioleaching, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti microbial leaching, ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchotsa zitsulo kuchokera ku miyala. Pankhani ya kutulutsa golide, mabakiteriya ena, monga Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, amatha kutulutsa mchere wa sulfure wokhudzana ndi golidi, kutulutsa golide mu mawonekedwe ofikirika. Njirayi ndi yothandiza pa chilengedwe chifukwa sigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa monga cyanide. Imagwiranso ntchito pa kutentha kochepa komanso kupanikizika, kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zochotsera. Bioleaching ndi njira yokhazikika yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ku ores otsika, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda ndalama pokonza pogwiritsa ntchito njira wamba.

2. Thiosulfate Leaching

Thiosulfate leaching ndi njira ina yochotsera cyanide. Amagwiritsa ntchito ayoni a thiosulfate, omwe amakhala ngati sodium thiosulfate, kuti asokoneze ndi golide ndikusungunula kuchokera ku miyala. Njira imeneyi ndi yochepa kwambiri poizoni kuposa cyanide. Thiosulfate ndi wokhazikika m'chilengedwe ndipo sakhala pachiwopsezo chofanana ndi nyama zakuthengo ndi magwero amadzi. Komanso, Thiosulfate kuchotsa Zitha kukhala zogwira mtima mumitundu ina ya ores, makamaka zomwe zili ndi mkuwa ndi zitsulo zina zomwe zimatha kusokoneza njira za cyanide. Njirayi imathanso kukongoletsedwa kuti muchepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndikuwongolera mitengo yobwezeretsa golide.

3. Ionic Zamadzimadzi

Zamadzimadzi za Ionic ndi mchere womwe umakhala wamadzimadzi ozizira kutentha. Ali ndi zinthu zapadera zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kutulutsa golide. Zamadzimadzi za ionic zimatha kusungunula golide kuchokera muzambiri popanda kufunikira kwa mankhwala oopsa kwambiri. Iwo sali osasunthika, kutanthauza kuti samathandizira kuwononga mpweya panthawi yochotsa. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kusinthidwanso ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito, kuchepetsa kutulutsa zinyalala. Ngakhale akadali mu gawo la kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha ntchito zazikulu, zakumwa za ionic zikuwonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu ngati njira yokhazikika yosinthira njira zachikhalidwe zochotsera golide.

4. Supercritical Fluid m'zigawo

Kutulutsa kwamadzimadzi kumagwiritsa ntchito madzi ochulukirapo, monga mpweya woipa (CO₂) pakutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika, kuti achotse golide m'miyala. Pamalo ake apamwamba, CO₂ ili ndi katundu pakati pa mpweya ndi madzi, zomwe zimalola kuti zilowe muzitsulo ndikusungunula golide. Njirayi ndi yogwirizana ndi chilengedwe chifukwa CO₂ ndi yopanda poizoni komanso yochuluka. Zimachepetsanso kufunika kwa madzi ochuluka ndi mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa miyambo. Kutulutsa kwamadzimadzi kwapamwamba kumatha kukhala njira yabwino kwambiri yochotsera golide, makamaka kuchokera ku ore ovuta.

Zovuta ndi Njira Yotsogola

Ngakhale njira zina izi zikuwonetsa lonjezo lalikulu, pali zovuta zomwe muyenera kuzigonjetsa. Mwachitsanzo, Bioleaching akhoza kukhala pang'onopang'ono ndondomeko, ndi optimizing zinthu kukula kwa tizilombo kungakhale kovuta. Thiosulfate leaching ingafunike kuwongolera njira zovuta kwambiri poyerekeza ndi leaching ya cyanide. Zamadzimadzi za Ionic komanso kutulutsa kwamadzimadzi kudakali koyambirira kwamalonda, ndipo pali ndalama zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukulitsa matekinoloje awa. Komabe, ndi kafukufuku wopitilira ndi chitukuko, zovutazi zitha kuthetsedwa. Maboma, makampani amigodi, ndi mabungwe ochita kafukufuku akuyenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuti akhazikitse ndi kukhazikitsa njira zopezera golide wobiriwira. Izi sizidzangothandiza kuteteza chilengedwe komanso kuonetsetsa kuti bizinesi yamigodi ya golide idzakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali.

Pomaliza, kufunafuna njira zina Sodium Cyanide m'zigawo za golidi si nkhani ya udindo wa chilengedwe komanso mwayi wopanga zinthu zatsopano ndi chitukuko chokhazikika. Pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje obiriwira awa, migodi ya golide imatha kuchepetsa momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira ndikuthandizira tsogolo lokhazikika.